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23£7hbfewhi EoooY > RE > Flashcards

RE Flashcards

1
Q

Who did the first Britons (around 800,000 BCE) worship?

A

Ancestors, they believed that this would influence their fortune.

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2
Q

Roughly when did Britons move from worshipping ancestors to worshipping nature?

A

3,000 BCE

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3
Q

Around which year did Jesus die and rise from the dead?

A

33 CE

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4
Q

Around how many years after Jesus’ death did St Paul begin a series of missionary journies?

A

10 years after (around 44 CE)

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5
Q

Who started a series of missionary journeys to teach people that Jesus is the Son of God?

A

St Paul

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6
Q

Where did St Paul travel for his missionary journies?

A

Modern-day Greece and Turkey; finished in Rome

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7
Q

When did the Romans invade Britian?

A

43 CE

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8
Q

Who did the Romans worship?

A

Various Gods, e.g: Jupiter, Venus, Apollo

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9
Q

What is the worship of many gods known as?

A

Polytheistic

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10
Q

Around how many years after the Roman invasion did traders from Eastern Roman Empire bringnthe idea of Christianity?

A

10 years later; around 53 CE

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11
Q

Were many Christians across the Roman Empire being persecuted or being forced to worship in secret due to illegality?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What does the term ‘martyr’ mean?

A

One who dies for their faith.

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13
Q

Who is England’s first known Christian martyr?

A

St Alban

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14
Q

When was St Alban martyred?

A

250 CE

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15
Q

When did Emporer Constantine issue an order for there to be no action to take place against any religion?

A

313 CE

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16
Q

Who issued an order for there to be no action to take place against any religion in the Roman Empire?

A

Emporer Constantine

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17
Q

When did Emperor Constantine declare Christianity as the official religion of the whole Roman Empire?

A

324 CE

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18
Q

Around when was a young, British teenager kidnapped by Irish raiders, taken to Ireland and sold into slavery, where he was a shepherd for six years?

A

405 CE

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19
Q

What is the name of the young, British teenager kidnapped by Irish raiders, taken to Ireland and sold into slavery, where he was a shepherd for six years?

A

Patrick

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20
Q

Where did St Patrick eventually escape Ireland to go to become a priest?

A

Britian

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21
Q

When St Patrick returned to Ireland, what did he:
a) do to spread Christianity?
b) become?

A

a) He converted many pagans.
b) He became the Bishop of Ireland, and today is Ireland’s patron saint.

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22
Q

What is meant by the term ‘pagan’?

A

One who worships many gods/godesses, typically to do with nature.

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23
Q

What is meant by a ‘missionary’?

A

A person sent to another country in order to encourage Christianity.

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24
Q

Around when did the Romans leave/withdraw from Britiain?

A

Early 400s

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25
Q

In place of the Romans, who came and invaded Britian?

A

Pagan Invaders from German and Danish tribes, called the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

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26
Q

Give some examples of any Anglo, Saxon and/or Jute gods.

A

Twi, Wodin, Thor, Friya

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27
Q

Did Christianity stay or disappear from Britian after the Angle invasion?

A

Christianity disappeared as many Britons deicded to wordhip multiple gods.

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28
Q

In which year did a Christian Irishman bring Christianity to Scotland and mainland
Britain?

A

563 CE

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29
Q

What was the name of the Christian Irishman, brought Christianity to Scotland and mainland
Britain in 563 CE?

A

Columba

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30
Q

Where did Columba initially land in?

A

Iona, Scotland

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31
Q

What did St Columba do in Iona, Scotland?

A
  • He built a monastery.
  • He converted the pagan king into Christianity.
  • He founded many more monstaries after that as well.
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32
Q

Which Roman Catholic Pope became convinced that the world was going to end very soon?

A

Pope Gregory I

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33
Q

Did Pope Gregory I want to eliminate paganism?

A

Yes, particularly in England where such beliefs were still dominant.

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34
Q

What did Pope Gregory I do in 597 CE?

A

He sent 40 monks, led by St Augustine, as missionaries to England, in order to convert the English to Christianity.

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35
Q

Was Augustine welcomed by the king?

A

Yes, and gradually the people of Kent and Essex converted to Christianity.

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36
Q

In which year did Pope Gregory I send even more missionaries to convert the English kings?

A

580 CE, the following year after St Augustine and his other monks had went to England as missionaries.

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37
Q

By which year were many ordinary English people converting to Christinaity?

A

650 CE

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38
Q

In which year did a huge army of Norwegian and Danish Vikings seize Scottish and Irish coastal areas, and most of northern and eastern England?

A

865 CE

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39
Q

Who blocked the Norweigan and Danish Viking attack in 865 CE?

A

Alfred, King of Wessex.

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40
Q

Did many Vikings agree to be baptised as Christians?

A

Yes.

41
Q

What Christian learning system did Alfred, King of Wessex, create to help the illiterate people in the country?

A

Many lords began to provide small chapels for their people to worship. This was the beginning of the parish system.

42
Q

What did William the Conqueror inplement in 1066?

A

New stone churches which played a central role in community life in schools, markets, and entertainment venues.

43
Q

Who is the first known Christian martyr in Britain?

A

St Alban

44
Q

What happened when St Alban was going to bed?

A

He heard the creak of a door in the courtyard of his villa, and when he walked quietly towards the door, to his surprise, he saw one of his slaves talking to an elderly man.

45
Q

What did one of St Alban’s slaves do once he saw that he was watching him talking to the elderly man?

A

He was terrified and quickly went away in terror.

46
Q

What did the elderly man do when he saw St Alban?

A

He approached St Alban, who demanded to know what was going on.

47
Q

What was the name of the elderly man seeking help in St Alban’s courtyard?

A

Amphibalus

48
Q

Who was Amphibalus?

A

An elderly Christian priest who had fled from the town due to his rejection to offer incense to the Emperor.

49
Q

Who was St Alban?

A

A British soldier in the Roman Army, whonwas the first known Christian British marytr.

50
Q

Why did citizens in the Roman Empire have to offer incense to the Emperor?

A

Citizens in the Roman Empire had to offer incense to the Emperor to demonstrate political loyalty and unity, accept the Emperor’s divine status, and reinforce social unity. Refusing to participate could result in legal and social penalties, as it was seen as an act of disloyalty to the state.

51
Q

What was Amphibalus begging for?

A

A shelter for the night.

52
Q

Had St Alban heard about Christians before?

A

Yes, but was confused as to why they were so stubborn to not worship the Emperor.

53
Q

What did St Alban decide to do with Amphibalus?

A

He decided to question the man further in the morning, before handing him to the governor.

54
Q

What happened when Amphibalus was talking to St Alban about his belief in Jesus?

A

Alban came to know and believe in Jesus.

55
Q

Despite it being very dangerous to give shelter to Christians, what did Alban do?

A

He couldn’t hand the priest over to the governor to be tortured and killed, so when soldiers arrived at his villa without warning, Alban hurriedly put on the priest’s clothes and was arrested and brought to the governor.

56
Q

What did the governor tell Alban to do once he found out that the priest had escaped?

A

He furiously demanded the he should offer incense to the Emperor to prove his loyalty to Roman beliefs.

57
Q

What did Alban declare when he rejected to offer of incense?

A

“I am called Alban and I worship and adore the true and living God who created all things.”

58
Q

What happened to Alban once he was tortured?

A

He was taken to the hill outside the town and was beheaded.

59
Q

What did one of the executioners request after seeing Alban’s courage and faith?

A

He too begged to be allowed to die for Jesus.

60
Q

Did St Alban and the executioner’s witness of faith lead to many others becoming Christians?

A

Yes.

61
Q

What was built on the martyrdom site of St Alban?

A

A Church was eventually built and it became a shrine and a centre of pilgrimage; a monastery was also founded, and the town of St Alban’s was also founded.

62
Q

Why was it so difficult to be a Christian during the time of Alban?

A

Christians would have been persecuted if they didn’t prove their worship of Roman Gods.

63
Q

Why did Romans persecute Christians at the time?

A

Christians didn’t worship Roman Gods, which was against Roman law.

64
Q

Why do you think Alban was prepared to die rather than give in to the threats of the Roman governor?

A

He had learnt and now believed that Jesus is ‘the Way, the Truth, and the Life’.

65
Q

What happened when the soldiers were leading Alban to the place of execution?

A

They approached a river, and Alban bent forward so that the soldiers could cross without getting wet; this is how his executioner converted instantly and refused to carry out the sentence.

66
Q

What happened to the second executioner who beheaded him?

A

It is believed that he was immediately struck blind and his eyes fell out of his sockets.

67
Q

How long did Priest Amphibalus survive after Alban’s death?

A

He survived only for 4 days before he was stoned to death.

68
Q

Definition of a martyr:

A

A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs.

69
Q

When and where was St Augustine of Canterbury born?

A

6th Century (approx.)
Rome, Italy (estimate)

70
Q

When and where did St Augustine die?

A

(Probably) May 25th, 604 CE
Canterbury, Kent

71
Q

Where is St Augustine buried?

A

Canterbury Cathedral

72
Q

When is St Augustine’s feast day?

A

27th May

73
Q

Where are St Augustine’s shrines?

A

St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury (now destroyed)

St Augustine’s Ramsgate

74
Q

What is a shrine?

A

A special religious place of prayer.

75
Q

Definition of ‘Benedictine’:

A

A community of monks who live according to St Benedict’s teachings.

76
Q

What is meant when someone is preaching?

A

They are spreading the word about God?

77
Q

What is a ‘see’?

A

The area an Archbishop is responsible for.

78
Q

What is Pope Gregory I more commonly known as?

A

Pope Gregory the Great

79
Q

In 596/597 CE, who did Pope Gregory the Great send from Rome to preach in England?

A

40 Benedictine monks, one of whom was Augustine.

80
Q

What had happened by the time the monks had reached France?

A

They had heard so much about the English and how fierce they were, that they wanted to return to Rome.

81
Q

What did Pope Gregory tell the monks to reassure them?

A

He said that they had to continue with their mission so that they would have a greater reward in heaven because of this difficult task they had been asked to do.

82
Q

Who else did Pope Gregory convince to join the Roman Benedictine monks?

A

Some nearby French priests.

83
Q

When did the whole group, assigned by Pope Gregory, arrive in England?

A

597 CE

84
Q

Who were Augustine and the group welcomed by when they arrived in England?

A

The English King, Ethelbert

85
Q

What was the name of King Ethelbert’s wife?

A

Bertha

86
Q

What religion was Queen Bertha?

A

Christian

87
Q

Was Ethelbert soon baptised after hearing about believing in Jesus from the monks and his wife?

A

Yes.

88
Q

Who was soon made the Archbishop of the English in 597 CE?

A

St Augustine of Canterbury

89
Q

Where was St Augustine’s see?

A

In Canterbury

90
Q

What are some possible challenges that Augustine and the monks could have faced?

A
  • Bad weather
  • Food and Water Shortages
  • No Shelter at Certain Points
  • Encountering those who go against Christian beliefs.
  • Crossing the Channel
91
Q

Between which years did the Christian Church in Europe grow much stronger?

A

597 - 1500

92
Q

Which groups of people helped the Church to establish itself?

A

Missionaries, teachers, writers, artists, craftsmen and builders.

93
Q

What does the word ‘Catholic’ mean?

A

Universal

94
Q

Where is the Catholic Church’s headquarters?

A

In Rome

95
Q

What does the word ‘Orthodox’ mean?

A

Correct Belief

96
Q

Where is the Orthodox Church centred at?

A

Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul)

97
Q

Which two main branches of the Christian Church still remain separated today, almost 1000 years later?

A

Orthodox and Catholic

98
Q

When did the Great Schism take place?

A

1054

23£7hbfewhi EoooY (14 decks)

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