re Flashcards
(hiduism keywords) brahma
the creator of the universe
vishnu
the preserver of the universe
shiva
the destroyer
what do hindus believe about vishnu
that it is gentle and kind and makes them feel loved
what is ganesh
it is the aspect of god which is wise
what do hindus believe about god
that he is the creator and destroyer of everything and that he is in everything
what do hindus believe about brahman
that he is in us all
what are avatars
they are an ancient concept that explain the story of brahman and his realtionship with the world
what do hindus believe about brahman
that it is vast and they believe we come to know god through the gods/godess or avatars
what is a quote about the earth
the earth is like our mother and we are all her children
the quote the earth is like our mother and we are all her children means…..
that the earth looks after us
the creation story reveals that hindus believe….
that brahman made everything and brought peice
Ahisma means
the princible of non violence most hindus believe that all living things are sacred
karma means
all actions bring concquences
moksha means
the release from the cycle of reincarnagtion
the puja tray has six features-
a bell
a dish containing kum kum powder
food offerings
a pot containing holy water
an incence stick
an arti lamp
what does an incense holder and incense do
creates a holy atmosphere
what does the bell do
the bell is rung at the begining of puja to let know worship is about to begin
what does the water and spoon do
a pot containing holy water used for cleansing and purification
what does the tilak pot do
a pot containing kum kum powder mark their forehead a symbol of devotion
what does the arti lamp do
five wicks represent five elements earth, air, fire water and ethar
what is offerings/prashad
symbolic exchange of love between worship of god
what are the temples that hindus attend called?
mandirs
Why do hindus attend mandirs?
to express their respect and loyalty to the supreme god
in the madrins there is a main room called
a shrine
they also have side rooms for
private worship
Why is a bell rung in a Mandir?
to let the diety know that they have come to worship and to invite him into the mandir
Why are there steps in a Mandir?
they show the stairs up to heaven
How is an incense stick used in a Mandir?
It is lit and moved around in circles to cleanse the air and brings a lovely smell to the shrine for the deities
What offering is made to the deity in a Mandir?
an offering of flowers is made to the deity to show love, devotion and respect
Why is it good to worship in a Mandir?
Some find it helpful to worship with other people
What is Diwali?
- It is one of the biggest festivals celebrated by Hindus.
- It means row of lights and it is celebrated over five days.
- It is celebrated with fireworks and by decorating homes and Mandirs
- It is the equivalent of Christmas for Christians.
What does Diwali celebrate?
It celebrates the Ramayana (a poem telling the story of Hindu deities Rama and Sita)
What is the story behind Diwali?
- Rama is sent off to a far-off country by his father
- He leaves with his wife Sita but she gets kidnapped by a demon called Ravana
- The monkey god Hanuman, helps Rama save Sita and kill Ravana
- The story is about good overcoming evil
- Lamps were lit to guide Rama and Sita home
Why do Hindus light diya lamps during Diwali?
Its to symbolise the lamps that were lit to guide Rama and Sita home
What is another reason Hindus celebrate Diwali?
To honour the goddess Lakshmi (the goddess of fortune)
What do Hindus believe about Lakshmi?
they believe if their house is clean and there are diya lamps to light the way then she will visit their home and bring good fortune for the coming year.
They also believe she will bless the food in Mandirs which is shared out amongst the community
What are the Mandirs decorated with for Diwali?
lights and murtis (images or statues of Hindu gods)
How is Diwali celebrated?
give presents
share meals
sing, dance
firework displays
What is reincarnation?
That after death you’re reborn into a new body
What is Samsara?
The cycle of life, death and rebirth (it is the Hindu attitude towards life after death which affects their behaviour)
What is Atman?
A persons soul or spirit - this will never die
What is Moksha?
When you are released from Samsara and are at one with Brahman
What is Karma?
the belief that your actions in this life affect (has consequences in) your next life
Where does Atman come from?
Brahman
What is Brahman?
God or the supreme being
What is Puja?
Hindu worship
What is a Mandir?
A Hindu temple
What is Trimurti?
It means trinity (three forms - Brahman, Shiva and Vishnu)
How many gods do Hindus believe in?
One - Brahman (Brahman has many aspects of God)
What is a Bhajan?
A song used in worship
What is Havan?
a fire offering to the God of fire
What is Arti?
worship using fire and lights
What is Ghee?
purified butter which is burned to show respect to God
What is a sacrifice?
an offering to a deity
What is a Tilaka?
a mark placed on the forehead to show God has blessed them
Prejudice and discrimination - what is prejudice?
pre-judging someone (before you know them) and considering them inferior or superior to you
What is discrimination?
treating someone unfairly because of who they are or their characteristics (because of your prejudice)
What is Brahman?
God or supreme spirit / being
What is Brahma?
the creator
What is Shiva?
the destroyer
What is Vishnu?
the preserver
What are hindu attitudes towards earth?
Earth is our mother and we are all her children
Give some examples of discrimination
Racism
Sexism
Homophobia
Ageism
Anti Semitism (prejudice against Jews)
Ableism (prejudice against disabled people)
What are hate crimes?
crimes that typically include violence. They are motivated by prejudice on the basis of race, religion, sexual orientation or other grounds
What problems occur from prejudice and discrimination?
It has cause people to die because they are judged before people get to know them. It can cause people to be isolated
What are the advantages of a multi ethnic society?
- racial harmony (people of different races living together happily)
- Wider variety of food / music / culture / clothes
- New people with fresh ideas (this is helpful in business and politics)
- Encourages tolerance
- Religions can see people of different races following the same faith
What are the disadvantages of a multi ethnic society?
- ignorance (being uneducated about others)
- Racism
- Prejudice and discrimination
- Cultural appropriation (e.g. white people wearing African headwear when they don’t understand the origin of it)
What is community cohesion?
When a community comes together - it means to understand anyone and work together no matter what race, religion, age or gender
Why is Britain a multi ethnic society?
After World War II many people from all over the world came to help rebuild houses and workplaces that had been completely destroyed
What is an Asylum seeker?
A person seeking safety in another country to avoid war or persecution
What is a Refugee?
An asylum seeker who has gained the right to live in a safe country
What is an immigrant?
A person who lives in a country where they were not born
What is a homosexual?
A person attracted to people of the same sex
What is a heterosexual?
a person who is attracted to people of the opposite sex
how have attitudes in the UK towards homosexuality changed in the last 50 years?
- it is normalised in today’s society (more accepted)
- more people now find it relatable
- people are not punished for being homosexual
- same sex marriage now legally recognised (since 2014)
What are the negative changes in attitudes towards homosexuality?
- homosexuals still face prejudice and hate crimes
- Church of England will not marry homosexuals
What are Christian attitudes towards homosexuality?
- Many Christians believe it is sinful (including Catholics and protestants)
- Some Christians believe it is acceptable and base the belief on the idea that God loves everyone
Why should Christians accept same sex relationships?
- because everyone should be able to be who they want to be
- Love thy neighbour as you love yourself - Jesus taught that we should love everyone
How have attitudes towards women changed in the last century?
- more respected
- equal pay
- right to vote
- more opportunities
- fair access to jobs
What is religious pluralism?
where everyone in society has the right to choose their religion (religious freedom) and can worship in safety
What is an inter faith marriage?
where people from different religions marry each other
What is the 1st noble truth of Buddhism?
life is constantly changing, and suffering (dukkha) exists. We don’t always get what we want
What is the 2nd noble truth of Buddhism?
all out problems are caused by desire (greed, ignorance and hatred)
What is the 3rd noble truth of Buddhism?
the only way to stop suffering (Dukkha) is to stop craving. Get rid of the need for possessions, then you will reach a state of mind called Nirvana
In Buddhism, when do you reach a state of Nirvana?
when you have got rid of greed, ignorance and hatred. This means you will have compassion for all living things
What is the 4th noble truth of Buddhism?
follow the 8 fold path to get rid of suffering
What are the 8 steps in the 8 fold path?
1 - Right Understanding - accept Buddha’s teachings about life, death and suffering
2 - Right intention - control your emotions (anger, hatred, jealousy and selfishness)
3 - Right Speech - only say truthful and positive things
4 - Right Action - make moral decisions
5 - Right Livelihood - earn a living in a way that makes you and others happy (not for greed and selfishness)
6 - Right Effort - be kind and positive, help others
7 - Right Mindfulness - be aware of the suffering the world and how you can help
8 - Right Concentration - meditate to be calm and positive and think of others
What is Nirvana?
A state of pure happiness and peace without suffering (Dukkha)
What 5 parts do Buddhists believe humans are made of?
1 - Body / form
2 - Feelings / sensations
3 - Perceptions
4 - Impulses
5 - Consciousness (awareness or perception)
What is Samsara?
The cycle of birth, death and rebirth (death - spirit - heaven - reincarnated)
What do Buddhists believe about life after death?
When someone dies their energy passes into another form
What do Buddhists believe happens when Nirvana is achieved?
They see the world as it really is and they will no longer be reborn
Why don’t Buddhists believe in souls or an eternal creator God?
They believe nothing is permanent and everything changes - this means that everlasting souls or eternal Gods cannot exist
Why do Buddhists believe in life after death?
The Buddha taught that humans are born an infinite number of times unless they achive Nirvana
Buddhist teachings state ‘One road leads to wealth, another road leads to Nirvana. Let the mendicant, the disciple of Buddha, learn this and not strive for honour but seek wisdom’. What does this mean?
Don’t fear death. If you live life as a good moral person your rebirth will be good (Karma)
What are the 5 moral precepts of Buddhism?
1 - respect everyone
2 - no violence
3 - be truthful
4 - be kind to everyone
5 - Don’t hurt anyone
What is Wesak?
Buddha day - an important festival to remember the Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death
When does Wesak take place?
at the full moon during May or June
How do Buddhists celebrate Wesak?
- decorate temples with flowers and decorations
- gather at the temple before dawn to raise the Buddhist flag while singing hyms
- light lamps to signify enlightenment
- bathing the Buddha ceremony
- give to people in need
What happens at the ‘Bathing the Buddha’ ceremony?
Water is poured over the shoulders of the Buddha as a reminder to clear their own minds from greed, hatred and ignorance
What is Peri nirvana?
Buddhist festival celebrated during February. It means Nirvana after death
What is heaven?
A place of eternal paradise where Christians believe they will spend their afterlife
What is Purgatory?
A place to cleanse your sins before entering heaven
What is Hell?
A place of punishment and separation from God
What is paranormal?
Beyond normal or beyond science
What do Humanists believe?
- They believe that the material world is the only one we know exists
- they try to look for natural explanations instead of supernatural ones
- we are lucky to be alive
- we should try to make the most of the one life we know we have
- because life ends it has structure and value
- death is the end
- we have no soul and our bodies will eventually break
What is Sikhism?
A monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak
What does Gu mean in Guru?
Gu means darkness
What does Ru mean in Guru?
Ru means light
What is a Guru?
someone who dispels spiritual darkness and gives light to the disciple
What do Sikhs believe?
- there is 1 God
- when you die, depending on your actions you will have Karma in your next life
What is Gurdwara?
A Sikh place of worship
What is absolute poverty?
people who do not have the means to support themselves or their family. It is a life of malnutrition, disease and low life expectancy
What is relative poverty?
where household income is less than the average (median) in the economy
What are the causes of world poverty?
- over population
- natural disasters (e.g. flood, disease and famine)
- War and conflict
- Debt
- Education and child labour
- Trade (rich developed countries want to buy goods from the poor South such as sugar and cotton but they pay low prices because people in the north want cheap groceries)
What are religious teachings on poverty?
That poverty is caused by sin.
Humans disobey God and think more about power and money instead of morals and fairness.
The world is in this state because of human greed and selfishness
What is Guru Granth Sahib?
It is the Sikh holy book but it is treated as a living person and has its own room in the gurdwara (Sikh temple)
What is the person who looks after the Guru Granth Sahib called?
Granthi
Why do Sikhs treat the Guru Granth Sahib (holy book) as a living person?
by waking it in the morning and putting it to rest at night shows the belief that it has the same authority as other Gurus
How do Sikhs show respect to the Guru Granth Sahib?
They show humility by taking off their shoes, covering their hair, bowing and sitting on a lower level to the Guru Granth Sahib
What is Sewa in Sikhism?
Selfless service to the community - give money or other help to people in need
What are the 5 K’s in Sikhism?
1 - Kesh (uncut hair)
2 - Kara (a steel bracelet)
3 - Kanga (a wooden comb)
4 - Kaccha (cotton underwear)
5 - Kirpan (steel sword)
What is a Gurdwara?
A place of worship for Sikhs
