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history Flashcards

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German Verbs flashcards
1
Q

true or false henry v111 was a devout catholic in his younger years

A

true

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2
Q

in what year did henry declare that he not the pope was head of the church

A

1534

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3
Q

what years did henry v11 rule

A

1485-1509

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4
Q

what years did henry v111 rule

A

1509-1547

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5
Q

what years did edward v1 rule

A

1547-1553

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6
Q

what years did lady jane grey rule

A

rained for 9 days in 1553

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7
Q

what years did mary 1 rule

A

1553-1558

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8
Q

what years did elizabeth rule

A

1558-1603

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9
Q

what religion was henry v111

A

catholic but established the church of england

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10
Q

what religion was edward v1

A

protestant

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11
Q

what religion was lady jane grey

A

protestant

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12
Q

what religion was mary 1

A

catholic

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13
Q

what religion was elizabeth

A

protestant

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14
Q

what were four strengths elizabeth 1 brought to the country

A

popular,english parents,single,protestant

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15
Q

what were five problems elizabeth brought to the country

A

big debts,female,illegitimate,threats from catholic,religous conflict

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16
Q

what is some facts about elizabeth and marriage

A

she was pressuired into marriage
people wanted a hier to the throne
privy council thought marriage was best for the nation
she failed to produce a hier
it was seen to be a very consious desision
no evidence seen that she was keen to marry
childhood experience of seeing hewr mother anne boylene by her father could of tainted her view on marriage
as well as four stepmothers
half sisters disastourous marriage

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17
Q

how many armies were in the civil war

A

2

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18
Q

what was the other name for parlimentarians

A

roundheads

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19
Q

what was the other name for royalists

A

cavaliers

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20
Q

what side did the country support

A

both (there was a split in the country)

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21
Q

what year was the battle of edgehill

A

1642

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22
Q

true or false this was the first time they had ever fought eachother

A

true

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23
Q

which side won

A

neither

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24
Q

what was up with both sides (armies)

A

inexperienced men

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25
Q

what year was the battle of naseby

A

1645

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26
Q

what was the parlimentarians new army called

A

New Model Army

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27
Q

how many men did the royalists loose

A

over 5,000

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28
Q

how did the royalists loose there men

A

either ingured killed or taken prisoner

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29
Q

charles fled to seek support from the scots but was handed over to the parliment in exchange for how much? And in what year?

A

£100,000 january 1647

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30
Q

What was Henry VIII’s religion in his younger years?

A

devout Catholic

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31
Q

Who was Martin Luther and what did he do?

A

A German priest who published Protestant ideas

32
Q

What did Henry VIII think of the Pope in his younger years?

A

Henry VIII defended the pope against Protestant ideas published by Martin Luther (a German priest)

33
Q

What did Henry VIII declare in 1534 and what were the consequences?

A

Henry declared that he, not the pope, was the head of the Church in England. This sparked the English Reformation.

34
Q

What triggered England’s transition to being a Protestant country?

A

When Henry VIII declared in 1534 that he was head of the Church in England and not the Pope. This break with Rome triggered England’s transition to being a Protestant country

35
Q

What were some of the repercussions of the Reformation?

A

Dissolution of the Monasteries and many rebellions

36
Q

What was the English Reformation?

A

England’s transition to being a Protestant country

37
Q

What were the consequences of Elizabeth I not marrying?

A

No marriage and no children raised the issue of the successor to the throne on her death

38
Q

Who were negotiations made with to marry Elizabeth I? / Who were her potential suitors?

A

Philip of Spain, Archduke Ferdinand, Archduke Charles (they were all European and Catholic)

39
Q

What potentially stopped Elizabeth I from getting married?

A

1 - her childhood experiences of seeing her mother Anne Boleyn executed on the orders of her father
2 - Having four stepmothers
3 - Her half-sister’s disastrous marriage

40
Q

What potentially stopped Elizabeth I from getting married?

A

1 - her childhood experiences of seeing her mother Anne Boleyn executed on the orders of her father
2 - Having four stepmothers
3 - Her half-sister’s disastrous marriage

41
Q

What were the causes of the English Civil War?

A

Clash of ideas between King Charles I and Parliament:
Charles I believed that it was the King’s divine right to rule the country vs Parliament’s desire to curb the powers of the King.

42
Q

The effects of industrialisation: What percentage of British people lived in towns and earned a living from industrial work by 1851?

A

Over 50 %

43
Q

When was the industrial revolution?

A

In the late 18th century and the 19th century, Britain experienced its industrial revolution.

44
Q

What were the effects of industrialisation?

A

rapid growth in population as well as huge movement of people from rural areas to industrial towns.

45
Q

What approach did the government take during industrialisation?

A

The government believed in the laissez-faire approach, which means they should not interfere in people’s lives. This meant that public health schemes were not introduced until the latter part of the 19th century. There were no regulations about the basic standards for housing, sewerage and the water supply.

46
Q

During industrialisation, what diseases were endemic in the slum areas of cities?

A

cholera, typhus and diphtheria

47
Q

How were diseases like cholera, typhus and diptheria caused during industrialisation?

A

Some could be linked to poor sanitation (cholera) and poor housing (tuberculosis), while others were spread by body lice (typhus).

48
Q

What industrial diseases were there during industrialisation?

A

Many coal miners and slate quarrymen died from a range of lung diseases, such as silicosis and pneumoconiosis.
many copper workers suffered from tuberculosis and bronchial conditions. Despite this, employers argued that not only was copper smoke harmless, it was actually healthy.

49
Q

Why were industrial towns such as Birmingham and Manchester so disease ridden? (name at least 3 reasons)

A
  • Streets were narrow, with little air or sunlight. - - Families often shared houses, so overcrowding was common.
  • Houses had no clean running water
  • there were no bin collections so rubbish piled up and attracted rats
  • families shared privies (outdoor toilets), which overflowed into wells were people got water
  • graveyards were overcrowded and bodies not buried deeply enough
  • houses were damp inside and hard to heat
  • people’s diets were poor as they couldn’t afford fresh food
  • people rarely washed themselves or their clothes so they became ridden with lice and fleas
50
Q

What was a workhouse in the Victorian era?

A

a place intended to provide work and shelter for poor people who had no means to support themselves.

51
Q

Why were workhouses introduced?

A

the Poor Law system, Victorian workhouses were designed to deal with poverty, they made people work in order to receive food and shelter (support) but in fact became prison systems detaining the most vulnerable in society.

52
Q

What were conditions like in a workhouse?

A

Conditions were cramped with beds squashed together, hardly any room to move and with little light. When they were not in their sleeping corners, the inmates were expected to work. Workhouses became known for their terrible conditions, forced child labour, long hours, malnutrition, beatings and neglect.

53
Q

What did Charles Dickens hope to achieve through novels such as Oliver Twist (in relation to workhouses)?

A

Charles Dickens opposed workhouses. He used stories like Oliver Twist to show the grim realities of a child’s life in the workhouse, he hoped to demonstrate the failings of this old fashioned system of punishment, forced labour and mistreatment.

54
Q

When was the Poor Law Act introduced?

A

1388

55
Q

Why was the Poor Law Act introduced?

A

After the Black Death there was a shortage of workers, the law was introduced to deal with vagrancy (homelessness) and social disorder

56
Q

When was the Poor Law Act amended to become the New Poor Law?

A

1834

57
Q

Why was the New Poor Law introduced?

A

It brought in unions to bring parishes together, and it meant people could only get support if they went to a workhouse.

58
Q

What type of work did people do in a workhouse?

A

hard manual labour such as crushing bone to make fertiliser

59
Q

What was the impact of the New Poor Law in 1834?

A
  • families were split up, forcing children to be separated from their parents.
  • in the workhouse they would be given a uniform to be worn for the entirety of their stay. - people were not allowed to talk to each other and were expected to work long hours doing manual labour such as cleaning, cooking and using machinery.
60
Q

When did the law allow workhouses to be dismantled?

A

1929 - because more and more people were objecting to their cruelty

61
Q

In terms of the Industrial Revolution who were ‘The Five’?

A

1 - Mary Ann Nichols - she was from a poor family, her mum and baby sister died of tuberculosis. She married and had 5 children but she left them when she suspected her husband was having an affair. She was homeless and was often arrested for begging and sent to workhouses but she hated them and kept going back to begging and became an alcoholic.
2 - Annie Chapman - her father was a soldier and worked for wealthy men so she had a comfortable life and a good education. 4 of her siblings died of scarlet fever and her dad committed suicide. She became an alcoholic but hid it, she married and had children but 6 of them died. She turned to alcohol even more and had to leave her husband and family because the man he worked for didn’t want an alcoholic on his property. Her husband continued to send her money but when he died she couldn’t go to a workhouse because they didn’t allow alcohol. she ended up homeless and begging.
3 - Elizabeth Stride - she was Swedish, had no education and worked as a servant. She became pregnant and got syphilis. She faced public humiliation because she was a single mother and the law meant she was treated like a prostitute and had to go on the police register. She had dangerous treatments in hospital for syphilis and miscarried the baby. She had to prostitute and eventually found work as a servant for a family that went to London. She married and opened a coffee shop in London but the business failed, she could not have a baby because of syphilis and so her marriage failed due to this and money problems. She ended up an alcoholic and conned people for money and begged. The syphilis started to affect her mind and behaviour so this along with her drinking and begging she was arrested 4 times.
4 - Catherine Eddowes - when she was 2 months old her family moved to London and 11 of them lived in a small house. She got a good education. Her mother died of TB and her dad lost his job and then died. She worked in the tin industry but found it dull and ended up with a travelling pedlar selling songs and poems. They returned to London but life was harder than expected and her marriage turned abusive so she turned to alcohol, especially after one of her children died of malnutrition. Her marriage broke down and she ended up with a poor labourer, they were both alcoholics and often slept on the streets
5 - Mary Jane Kelly - she doesn’t tell people her real name or where she’s from. Many people think she’s from a middle class family in Wales and had a good education. She moved to London and worked as a prostitute for wealthy men in a rich part of London, she rode a carriage and had fine clothes but started drinking during this time. She moved to the less wealthy areas of London after someone tried to kidnap her for the sex trade in Paris. Her drinking became more constant and had to move at least once after drunken rows with her landlord. She met and moved in with a poor labourer and stopped working as a prostitute. But after some time he lost his job and she was forced to prostitute again. He couldn’t face this and left her.

62
Q

What were the working conditions in factories?

A

Long hours
Low wages
Cruel discipline
Fines - for talking, whistling, leaving the room without permission
Accidents
Health - dust led to lung diseases, loud noise from machines damaged hearing
Parish apprentices - orphans from workhouses were ‘apprenticed’ and worked 12 hour shifts and slept in beds just vacated by children about to start the next shift

63
Q

What were the repercussions of the Reformation?

A

Dissolution of the Monasteries and many rebellions

64
Q

Why did Henry VIII decide to make himself the head of the Church in England?

A
  • So he could divorce his wife Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn
  • he noticed the Catholic church was very rich so he wanted to take control of Church property so that he could fund his wars with France, Scotland and Ireland
65
Q

Who was Thomas Cromwell?

A

Henry VIII’s chief advisor

66
Q

What did Thomas Cromwell help Henry VIII with?

A

The Dissolution of the Monasteries - religious buildings were destroyed and their land and treasures were taken by the King

67
Q

What were the consequences of the Reformation?

A

800 Monasteries were disbanded over a period of 4 years

68
Q

Who led Protestanism?

A

John Calvin and Martin Luther

69
Q

What did the Protestant religion stand for?

A

It rejected the Pope’s control
It wanted individual believers to have their own relationship with God rather than only through a Priest

70
Q

Who had been fighting for Church Reform before the Reformation?

A

John Wycliffe (1328-1384)
William Tynedale (1494-1536)
Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556)
Anne Boleyn (1501-1536)

71
Q

Did Henry VIII become a Protestant after the Reformation?

A

No

72
Q

Why didn’t Henry VIII become a Protestant after the Reformation?

A

It was all about politics, wealth and family dynamics for him not his personal faith

73
Q

What is the Restoration period?

A

It refers to the restoration of the monarchy when Charles II was restored to the throne of England after 11 years of England being a republic governed by Parliament and led by Oliver Cromwell.

74
Q

When was the Restoration period?

A

It was the whole reign of King Charles II (1660–1685) and the brief reign of his younger brother King James II (1685–1688).

75
Q

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

A

Oliver Cromwell was a Member of Parliament. He had been a leader of the Parliamentarian army who, by 1648, had defeated Charles I’s Royalist army in the Civil Wars.

GERMAN (5 decks)

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