RCT method

Question 1

what are the stages of root canal treatment?

Answer 1

full clinical exam including radiographs
removal of caries and defective restorations and temporary restoration with suitable material that will not leak 
local anaesthetic 
rubber dam 
access cavity 
preparation of root canal 
obturation

Question 2

what are suitable temporary dressing materials for restorative treatment before RCT?

Answer 2

glass ionomer or IRM (reinforced zinc oxide)

Question 3

which local anaesthesia should be avoided in pregnancy?

Answer 3

citanest with octapressin

Question 4

which local anaesthesia should be used for patients with a latex allergy?

Answer 4

citanest with octapressin

Question 5

what local anaesthesia should be avoided if the patient has unstable heart symptoms?

Answer 5

lignospan special (lidocaine with adrenaline)

Question 6

why might LA fail?

Answer 6

poor technique, inadequate amount, varied anatomy, inflamed tissue/bone, psychological factors

Question 7

what is apexification?

Answer 7

the creation of a new environment wishing the root canal and periapical tissues, after pulp death, that allows a calcified barrier to form across the open apex of an immature root

Question 8

what are the indications for apexification?

Answer 8

pulpless immature tooth with or without a periapical radiolucency
vital radicular pulp in an immature tooth pulpotomy

Question 9

how can apexogenesis occur after pulpotomy?

Answer 9

if some vital pulp remains then root formation may continue due to surviving henrtwigs epithelial root sheath

Question 10

what substance is used for apexification?

Answer 10

mineral trioxide aggregate

Question 11

what is the purpose of mineral trioxide aggregate in the case of horizontal root fractures?

Answer 11

to form an apical barrier so the coronal portion of the tooth can be filled

Question 12

how would iatrogenic root perforation be dealt with clinically?

Answer 12

with calcium hydroxide to induce hard tissue formation

Question 13

what will result if root canal treatment of a case of internal resorption doesn’t occur?

Answer 13

perforation of root and necrotic pulp

Question 14

what is the hypothesis for revascularisation?

Answer 14

in the absence of infection and the presence of a suitable scaffold in the root canal, ingrowth of periapical tissue will lead to revascularisation of the reticular pulp and the apex will close as root development ensues and dentinal walls thicken

Question 15

in revascularisation, what should the canal be dressed with for 7 days?

Answer 15

a mix of ciprofloxacin, methronidazole and minocycline

Question 16

what should be placed over the clot in revascularisation?

Answer 16

place MTA over clot and temporise with CW/coltosol

Question 17

what robe is used to locate the canal after cutting the access cavity?

Answer 17

DG16 probe

Question 18

what is the canal irrigated with?

Answer 18

NaOCl

Question 19

what do rough access cavity margins contribute to?

Answer 19

coronal leakage

Question 20

what instrument is used to flare the canal?

Answer 20

SX file

Question 21

what is glyde?

Answer 21

a paste lubricant

Question 22

why is the glide path important?

Answer 22

it gives info about canal morphology and confirms a reproducible path of adequate diameter before introducing rotary files

Question 23

why should you always instrument in wet canals?

Answer 23

to prevent file breakage and avoid accumulation of dentine dust that could potentially block the canal

Question 24

what does pro glider help prevent?

Answer 24

transportation, pledging, cyclic fatigue and perforation

Question 25

what speed and torque is pro glider used at?

Answer 25

300rpm 2-5 n/cm2 torque

Question 26

name 3 safety measures when using rotary instruments

Answer 26

do not stop/start in canal
keep constant speed of rotation and torque
withdraw when resistance is felt

Question 27

what factors may prevent passive movement of the rotary file?

Answer 27

insufficient glide path
build up of debris in canal or on file
complicated anatomy

Question 28

what is apical gauging?

Answer 28

determining the diameter of the canal at the apical constriction

Question 29

what constitutes successful obturation?

Answer 29

within 2mm of radiographic apex, no voids and adequate coronal seal

Question 30

what does a complete seal apically, laterally and coronally provide?

Answer 30

prevention against tissue fluids percolating in the root canal, prevention of toxic by-products reaching the pulp and regressing into the periradicular tissues

Question 31

what is the purpose of rubber dam?

Answer 31

to prevent microbial contamination and to protect the airway

Question 32

what condition is related to extrusion of paraformaldehyde and resorcinol-formalin?

Answer 32

severe neurotoxicity

Question 33

what is the normal technique of obturation?

Answer 33

cold lateral compaction of GP

Question 34

why do we remove GP up to ACJ?

Answer 34

to prevent discolouration of crown

Question 35

what purpose does vitrebond over GP serve?

Answer 35

minimises coronal leakage

Question 36

what are bactericidal by-products ob finishing?

Answer 36

benzine bromine and benzine iodine