rbt intro rope equip Flashcards
Captain Michael Mahner
created HFD’s first rescue squad in 1930
NFPA 1006
Std. for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1670
Std. on Operations and Training forTechnical Rescue Incidents
7 disciplines of Technical Rescue
Confined SpaceRope RescueStructural CollapseTrench/Excavation RescueVehicle/Machinery ExtricationWater/Swiftwater RescueWilderness Search and Rescue
“core discipline” of technical rescue
rope rescue
Safety systems are _____ .
mandatory
If you are unsure, _____ .
ask about anything
Check all riggings by _____ and _____ .
sight touch
Safety Touch Check
Inspection of all components of a system via sight and touch.
_____ your equipment at all times. (4 things)
know, control, inspect, maintain
NFPA 1983
Std. on Life-Safety Rope and Equipment
Life-Safety Rope has _____ . It has block creel and _____ construction. It is designed_____ .
synthetic, continuous fiber.kernmantle.specifically for supporting human loads
Life-Safety Rope can be either _____ or _____ rope.
staticdynamic
Static Rope
low-stretch (less than 2-4%)better control
Dynamic Rope
high-stretchgood when long falls are possible.used when working above anchor points.
Kernmantle Construction has which 2 components?
Kern=CoreMantle=Sheath
Kern strength =
85% of rope strength
Mantle strength =
15% of rope strength
HFD uses Life-Safety Rope that meets or exceeds NFPA 1983 ______ standards.This includes a _____ minimum rope(tensile) strength and a _____ safe working load.
general-use9000#600# (2-person)
Safety Factor used by HFD and represented in NFPA 1983 is _____ .
15:1
HFD uses which 2 life-safety ropes?
New England KM III Static Kernmantle CMC Rescue Lifeline
synthetic fiber used in HFD’s life-safety ropes
nylon
4 nylon qualities
high strengthresistant to rottingweighs only 7#/100’loses 10-15% strength when wet
Every rope must have its’ own _____ .
rope log
the rope log is used until _____.
the rope is downgraded to “utility” statusor condemned
rope log entries are made after _____.
each use
Each rope also is _____ until it is _____ .
assigned a serial #downgraded to utility status or condemned
Rope must be stored in a _____ away from these 5 things.
rope bagacids/alkali/chemicals/petroleumdirect sunlightdirt/grit/grimeexhausthigh temperatures
Inspect rope both _____ and _____.
visuallyby touch
when inspecting rope, use _____ and run through _____.
bare handsevery “ of the rope
If sheath is damaged also check for _____ and _____.
penetration imbedded objects
6 things to feel rope for _____ .
abrasions deformities imbedded objects mushiness nicks/cuts/searssoft spots
Popping
snapping a section of rope tight betweenboth hands several times to try andremove a soft spot in the rope.
if soft spot remains after popping u can do one of these 3 things
remove rope section with soft spotdowngrade to utilitycondemn
6 rope washing requirements
use dept. extractorsdaisy chainfront-loading only/no plastic windowswash with mild detergents only(non-chlorine)dry thoroughlyair dry out of direct sunlight
When bagging rope start by securing end of the rope to bottom of the bag via a _____. Also, _____.
figure 8 stopper visually and by touch inspect the rope
10 guidelines for downgrading rope
reached a certain agereached a certain # of usesdoes not pass visual inspectionchemical contaminationexposed to high heatseverely impact loaded(5’ or more)severely overloaded like towing a carsheath penetrationsoft spots not removed by poppingloss of confidence; when in doubt…throwit out!
1” webbing is rated at _____ .
4000#6000# when looped12000# when double looped
2” webbing is rated at _____ .
9000#
Per NFPA 1983 “general purpose”standards, adjustable steel buckles and the D-ring on the life-safety harnessesmust be rated to at least _____ .
5000#
Class II harnesses must have a _____ and_____ load-bearing _____ .
frontbackD-ring
Class III harnesses must have front and back load-bearing D-rings on both the _____ and the _____ portions of the harness.
seatchest
HFD uses which 2 Class III harnesses?
CMC Rescue Confined Space HarnessYates Rescue Confined Space Harness
HFD uses which Class II harness?
CMC Rescue Harness
Class I harness
designed for emergency escape1-person load
Class II harness
designed for rescue 2-person load
Class III harness
designed for rescue2-person loadinversion may occur
OSHA mandates which class harness for confined space?
Class III
Utility loops on harnesses are used only to_____ and are not _____ .
stow equipment load-bearing
According to the RBT manual, Class IIIharnesses have _____ additional load-bearing connection points. One on the back and 1 on _____ .
3, each shoulder
After adjusting webbing straps, use _____ to tie off.
half-hitch or overhand safety knots
knot
fastening made by tying/intertwining together pieces of rope.
a sharp bend in a rope causes a loss of_____ , not _____ .
efficiency loss of strength
4:1 rule
if a rope is wrapped around an object atleast 4x the diameter of the rope thanthere will be no loss of efficiency.
Using a _____ safety factor helps offset the_____ .
15:1efficiency loss
bight
rope bent back on itself (180 degrees)
loop
complete 360 degree loopcrosses itself and continues is same direction.
round turn
complete wrap around an object that has the rope returning back to itself.
Working End
used to tie the knot or for rigging.
Running End
opposite of the working endaka the free end
Standing Part
in between the working and the running ends.
4 steps to tying a knot
tie knotdress knotset knotsafety knot
Overhand Knot
15% efficiency lossused as a safety knot
Square Knot
used to bind together ropes of = diameterdo not use as a load-bearing not
Figure 8 stopper Knot
used to keep the rope end from passingthrough an opening. (e.g. rope bag).do not use as a load-bearing knot.
Figure on a Bight
20% efficiency lossused to connect rope to anchors with a carabiner.used to connect various devices to the rope.
Figure 8 follow-through
20% efficiency lossused to tie a loop around an object/anchor.
Double Loop Figure 8
18% efficiency lossfigure 8 on a bight with 2 loops instead of 1used to connect to objects that do not meet the 4:1 rule.used to make load-sharing or multiple anchor systems.
Flemish Bend
19% efficiency lossused to connect 2 ropes of equal diameter.
Bowline
27-33% efficiency lossused to make a closed loopshould not be used for life safety.can be equalizing.used for hoisting equipment.used for connecting rope to an object.
Butterfly
25% efficiency lossused mid-line to take a 3-way pull.can be used as an anchor/connection of an object to the rope.
Water Knot
36% efficiency lossused to connect 2 pieces of webbing.used to make loops in webbing.
Double Fisherman’s
21% efficiency lossused to tie load-bearing rope together.used to make prusik loops.
Prusik Hitch
is how prusik loops are connected to the rope. can be double or triple wrapped.to create rope grabs.
Single Line Prusik Hitch
to attach objects to rope.for self-rescue.
Clove Hitch
to create anchors around round objects.tied so that the running end is directional.
Munter Hitch
used as a safety belay.rope can run either way through a carabiner.
Tensionless
at least 4 wraps around a round object.creates an anchor with 0% efficiency lossif the object meets the 4:1 rule.
Rope System minimum breaking strengthis _____ .
9000#
General Use
minimum rope tensile strength = 9000#2 person load (600#)
Light Use
minimum rope tensile strength = 4500#1 person load (300#)
Auxiliary Equipment
other equipment other than rope andharnesses.
4 Minimum Breaking Strengths of auxiliary equipment.
Ascending/Rope Grab devices = 2400#Carabiners = 9000#Descenders = 1200#All other auxiliary equipment = 8000#
Nylon Webbing(1”)
rated at 4000#rated at 6000# when looped.rated at 12000# if double looped.can be flat or tubular.
Nylon Webbing can be used for _____ .
anchors/riggingharnessespatient lashingpersonal tie-on/safety line
7mm Accessory Cord is rated at_____, _____ when looped, ______ when looped and doubled.
minimum tensile strength = 2200#rated at 3500# if loopedrated at 7000# if double looped
Anchor Strap
nylon webbing with steel D-rings sewn inboth ends. 2” flat weave webbing rated at 9500#. D-rings rated at 5000# therefore strapis rated at 5000#.rated at 10000# if doubled.good over square edges.
Pick-Off Strap
An anchor strap with an adjustable buckle.Buckle is also rated at 5000#.used for patient pick-off if they have a harness.used to attach rescuers as tenders for stokes.
Utility belts are adjustable and can extendto _____ .
60-72”
Pick-off Straps are adjustable up to _____ .
42”
Carabiners are used _____ .
to join components of a rope system
3 components of a Carabiner
spinelatchgate (hinge, pin, and lock)
3 components of the gate
hingelockpin
CMC Rescue Steel Locking Carabiners arerated at _____ .
16000#
HFD uses which 4 Carabiners
CMC Large Steel Locking Carabiner(16K)SMC X-Large Steel Locking Carabiner(12K)SMC Large Steel Locking Carabiner(11K)SMC Lite D Steel Locking Carabiner.(10K)
X-large carabiners are used for _____ .
safety belays using a munter hitch
5 precautions when using carabiners
do not side loadlock before loadingdo not unlock while under loaddo not dropdo not form hard links
hard link
when 3 or more hard connections aremade consecutively
Figure 8 Descender
CMC Rescue 8 (steel) rated at 45000#”8 plate”used for descendingused as a belay/lowering device.can hold a load when locked off.use a double wrap for 2 person loads.
2 limitations to the 8 plate
causes rope to twistfriction cannot be adjusted once loaded
Rappel Rack
has 6 barsdescending deviceused for belay/lowering
Rappel Rack components
welded eyelong legshort leg4 angled short bars1 straight short bar1 grooved top bartie off bar
HFD uses the _____ rappel rack.
SMC (model # 14001 has the tie-off bar)
2 limitations to the rappel rack
longer to loadbulkier/heavier
Pulley
has a free running grooved metal wheel in which a rope may be placed.
3 things Pulleys can be used for
reduce rope frictionchange of directionscreate mechanical advantage
5 components of a pulley
becketsheave(aluminum)sideplates(steel)axle(pin)bearing
Pulleys can be attached _____ on a rope
anywhere
Pulley bearings can be either _____, _____,or_____.
sealed oiliteball-bearing
HFD uses which pulleys?
SMC 2” single rescueSMC 4” single rescueSMC 4” double rescue
One limitation of the pulley
it adds as much as 10% friction to a system
Which 2 ascenders does HFD use? Both are used for what size rope?
GibbsRescuecender1/2”
Gibbs 1/2” Stainless Steel ascender israted at _____ .
5400#
Rescuecender is rated at _____ .
6000#
2 advantages of the Rescuecender overthe Gibbs
rated strongerless abrasive to rope
According to NFPA 1983, ascenders mustbe _____ .
spring loadedrated for general use
5 components of ascenders
shellcamspringpinleash
point ascenders _____ the load if hauling
toward
point ascenders _____ if climbing
upward
point ascenders to the _____ .
direction of free travel
Ascenders must be _____if used in anchor/rigging/MAs.
backed up
5 precautions for ascenders
back up if used with rigging/MAs/anchorsload properlycan be abrasive to ropetest to capture the load before loadingdo not drop
Tri-Link
made of galvanized steelgate must be closed to maintain strengthused when 3-way loads may be encountered
Anchor Plate
aluminum is rated at 8900#steel is rated at 9150#used to create multiple anchor connectionsused to separate carabiners if using multiple rope systems.
2 precautions for accessory cord
should never be shock loadedfor one person loads
5 uses for 7mm accessory cord
self-rescueascendingrope grabs for capturing loadspersonal tie-on/safety lineattaching equipment to rope
7mm accessory cord is made outof _____ and has _____ construction. It should never be _____ and is only for _____.
nylon kern mantle shock loaded1 person loads
