RBT Exam Flashcards
The roles and responsibilities of the RBT include which of the following?
All of the above
(deliver discrete trial instruction and incidental teaching, record data, and implement behavior interventions plans as written as a BCBA)
True/False: An RBT can practice independently of a BCBA
False
Rate is…
the total count per a unit of time
Duration is…
the time from when the behavior begins to when it ends
Latency is…
the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the occurrence of a behavior
Which of the following is a continuous recording method?
All of the above
(duration, rate/frequency and latency)
calculate frequency/rate per hour and minute for a behavior that occurred 120 times over a 2 hour observation
60 per hour, 1 per minute
partial-interval recording is…
When the behavior must occur at least once during the interval to be recorded
whole-interval recording is…
when the behavior must occur for the entire interval to be recorded
momentary time sampling is…
when the behavior must be occurring at the end of the interval to be recorded
inter-response time is…
the time between the end of one instance of the behavior and the beginning of the next occurrence of behavior
which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to increase?
whole-interval recording
Which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to decrease?
partial-interval recording
true or false? Partial interval recording has the tendency to under-estimate the frequency of a target behavior while whole interval recording has the tendency to over-estimate the frequency of the target behavior
false
Which of the following are examples of “permanent products” that can be used to collect data using permanent product recording procedures
number of broken windows and folded shirts
True/false: permanent product recording is one of the lease cumbersome data recording methods
True
Chose the best operational definition for a tantrum
Any instance of the client crying and hitting themselves in the head with a closed fist which makes a sound that can be heard within five feet. Instance must last longer than 30 seconds and are separated by 30 seconds of non-occurrence
Define behavior:
The activity of living organisms; human behavior includes everything that people do
define environment:
the conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organisms or references part of the organism exists; behavior cannot occur in the absence of environment
List the four functions of behavior:
- Social positive (attention/access)
- Social negative (escaping)
- Automatic positive (sensory stimulation)
- Automatic negative (pain attenuation)
A client gets out of his seat every time a demand is placed. When he gets out of his seat his teacher says, “oh you need a break” and does not follow through with her demand. This client’s out of seat behavior most likely serves what function?
social negative (escape)
A client frequently spits. You notice that he spits during work times, when he is on a break, when he is playing with his favorite toys, during meal times, when you or someone else is directly engaged with him, and even when he is by himself. One day mom brings the client back from the dentist where he had to get 6 cavities filled. After this dentist appointment the spitting stopped. What function does spitting most likely serve?
automatic negative (pain attenuation)
Every time his mother removes items from him, a client engages in a tantrum. Mom tries to ignore him but after around five minutes mom gives him back the item she removed and the tantrum immediately stops. What function is most likely maintaining the tantrums?
Social positive (attention/access)
A client hits other students in his class during work and break times. Each time he hits another students the teacher immediately provides a verbal reprimand. What function does his hitting most likely serve?
social positive (attention/access)
You work with a client who drops legos on the floor for hours if left alone. The client does this even if others are playing with him, when no demands are being placed and when given free access to a number of preferred toys. What is the function of the lego dropping behavior?
Automatic Positive (sensory stimulation)
What is an antecedent?
A stimulus that occurs before the behavior
What is a consequence?
A stimulus that occurs after the behavior
Why do we conduct assessments?
All of the above
(to discover behavior deficits, to discover behavior excesses, to identify environment variables)
True/False: A functional assessment is a set of procedures used to identify the cause of a problem behavior or socially inappropriate behavior
true
A functional analysis is…
The deliberate manipulation of variables to evoke a target behavior to determine the function of the behavior
A functional behavior assessment is…
All of the above
(a set of interviews conducted to identify the function of a behavior, observations of the problem behavior as it is occurring in the natural setting and functional analysis)
What does the ABC stand for in ABC recording
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
A reinforcer is…
A stimulus that increases or maintains the frequency of a behavior
A punisher is…
A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a behavior
Provide one example of a primary reinforcer
food, water, warmth
Provide one example of a secondary reinforcer
bell, token, praise
The manipulation if Motivation Operations is an
Antecedent intervention
True/False: an Establishing Operation increases the value of a particular reinforcer
True
True/False: an Abolishing Operation decreases the value of a particular reinforcer
True
What is the main purpose of pairing yourself with reinforcement
to make you reinforcing to the client
What is differential reinforcment
reinforcing a desired behavior while discontinuing the reinforcement for an undesired behavior
Which of the following is not a differential reinforcement procedure?
differential reinforcement of appropriate behaviors
Which of the following is an incompatible behavior for hand flipping
Squeezing hands together
Define Extinction
Discontinuation of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior; the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of behavior until it reaches a pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur
True/False: Extinction is most effective when used as a stand along procedure?
False
You are working with a client who engages in verbal aggression. The BCBA on the case has dtermined that the verbal aggression is maintain by escape from demands. The BCBA asks you to use extinction as a part of the intervention plan. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like
Not allowing the client to escape from demands when they engage in verbal aggression and providing no reaction or response to the verbal aggression
You are working with a client who engages in tantrums that are maintained by access to tangibles. The BCBA instructs you to implement extinction. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like for this case
Not providing tangibles when the client engages in tantrum behaviors and providing no reaction or response to the tantrum behavior
True/False: There are times as an RBT you will have to implement emergency/crisis strategies
True
Which of the following is an example of an emergency/crisis management strategy
All of the above
(relocate people, remove unnecessary demands and rearrange the environment)
You are unsure that an emergency/crisis management procedure is appropriate for a particular behavior. Who should you consult with?
BCBA
What constitute an emergency?
All of the above
(Self-injury, injury to others, destruction of property)
An acquisition program is a program designed to…
Teach a new skill the individual does not have
Acquisition programs can teach which of the following skills?
all of the above
(daily living skills, communication skills, recreational/leisure skills)
True/False: Another name for conditioned reinforcement is primary reinforcement
False
Examples of unconditioned reinforcers include which of the following?
Skittles, juice, sleeping
List three examples of conditioned reinforcers
tokens, social praise, toys
When would you provide reinforcement if a client was on continuous schedule of reinforcement
reinforcement is delivered for each occurrence of the target behavior
What is a reinforcement schedule?
A protocol that states the frequency of which reinforcement will be delivered
True/False: intermittent reinforcement is most often used for maintaining previously learned behaviors
True
What are the four schedules of intermittent reinforcement?
- fixed-ratio
- fixed-interval
- variable-ratio
- variable-interval
When using a ratio schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when?
Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses
When using an interval schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when?
Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a certain amount of time since the last response
True/False: Discrete trail teaching (DTT) is a method of teaching in simplified and structed steps
True
When teaching with DTT how quickly should you deliver reinforcement after a correct response?
Within 1-2 seconds
True/False: Discrete trail Training is a method of teaching in the natural environment following what the client naturally gravitates toward
False
True/False: Discrete Trial Training is an effective way to teach certain skills to some learners with ASD
True
Which of the following will you want to do when delivering reinforcement during DTT?
All of the above
(deliver a variety of reinforcers, ensure that the effort to obtain reinforcement is reasonable, use an appropriate rate of reinforcement, use an appropriate magnitude of reinforcement and minimize the time between the correct response and delivering reinforcement
Define a prompt
A cue or assistance to encourage a desired response and used to provide assistance to increase clients success and reduce frustration with learning new skills/behaviors
Provide 3 examples of a prompt
gestural, verbal, physical
prompts should be…
gradually withdrawn
Provide an example of incidental teaching
Providing structed learning opportunities in the natural environment by using the clients interests and natural motivation such as withholding reinforcing items until a client requests them appropriately
True/False: Sometimes when using NET procedures you may have to contrive a situation to work on a skill
True
True/False: Task analysis is the process of breaking a skill into smaller, more manageable steps in order to teach the skill. Task analysis is an effective way to plan the teaching of skills that require serval steps to be performed
True
Task analysis can be used to teach which of the following types of skills
All of the above
(self-help skills, life skills, academic skills)
Provide an example of a behavior that is most likely be taught using a task analysis
hand washing, brushing teeth, completing chores
When using backward chaining the RBT does which of the following?
Will prompt the client through the steps and then expect the client to do the last step independently. Each time a step is mastered the client is expected to complete the acquisition step and all mastered steps
When using forward chaining the RBT does which of the following?
Will ask the client to complete the first step independently then prompt them through the remainder of the steps. Once a step is mastered the client is expected to complete all mastered and the one acquisition step independently
When using total task presentation the RBT does which of the following?
Will present the task and will allow the opportunity for the client to complete each step independently in order each time the task is presented, prompting when necessary
True/False: Discrimination training is a process of reinforcing or punishing a response is the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of other stimuli
True
Which of the following is considered an error?
All of the above
(repeating the correct answer more than once, no response, selecting the wrong item)
