RBCs part 5 Flashcards
hemolytic transfusion reactions are usually due to what
clerical error
hemolytic transfusion reactions occurs when
administration of ABO-incompatible red blood cells
what causes the acute reaction that occurs in hemolytic transfusion reactions
brisk severe intravascular hemolysis of donor red cells in recipient via compliment
what clinical signs are seen in acute reaction that occurs in hemolytic transfusion reactions
fever, chills, dyspnea, hypotension, low back pain, hemogzlivnuria, jaundice, oliguria, shock
hemolytic disease of the newborn is due to what
transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies directed against Rh-positive fetal RBCs
hemolytic disease of the newborn can happen when
mom is Rh- and baby Rh+
microangiopathic hemolytic anemias are due to what
abnormalities in microcirculation (fibrin deposition and vessel narrowing)
microangiopathic hemolytic anemias include what
heomlytic-uremic syndrom thrombotic-thrombocytopenia purport (TTP) preeclampsia HELLP syndrome DIC
what predominates on a blood smear of microangiopathic hemolytic anemias
schistocytes (fragmented RBCs)
what cells are seen on a peripheral smear of alcoholic liver disease
acanthocyres or “spur” cells
target cells
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is due to what
mutation in pig-A/PIGA (synthesis of GPI anchor and some membrane proteins like CD55 and CD59)
what happens in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
abnormal sensitivity of RBCs to lysis by complement b/c complement regulating proteins CD59 (MIRL) and CD55 (DAF) are missing
what is the screening test for paroxysmal nocturnal hemogloinuria
sucrose lysis test
how is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosed
flow cytometry
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may evolve to what
aplastic anemia
myelodyplasia
AML
how is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated
iron supplements
prednisone
bone marrow transplant
cardiac valve prosthetics results in what
increased turbulence , mild compensated anemia to severe hemolytic anemia and iron deficiency later
artificial values are worse than porcine ones
what is march hemoglobinuria
hemoglobinuria after exercise w/ normal peripheral blood smear
what is seen on the peripheral smear of a burn injury
microspherocytes
barbell shapes
rod shapes
hereditary spherocytosis has what result to coombs test
negative
if thrombocytopenia and/or granulocytopenia are present with anemia what is needed on top of peripheral blood tests
bone marrow examination
reticulocyte count is good to differentiate between what
hemolysis and marrow failure
