RBCs part 5

Question 1

hemolytic transfusion reactions are usually due to what

Answer 1

clerical error

Question 2

hemolytic transfusion reactions occurs when

Answer 2

administration of ABO-incompatible red blood cells

Question 3

what causes the acute reaction that occurs in hemolytic transfusion reactions

Answer 3

brisk severe intravascular hemolysis of donor red cells in recipient via compliment

Question 4

what clinical signs are seen in acute reaction that occurs in hemolytic transfusion reactions

Answer 4

fever, chills, dyspnea, hypotension, low back pain, hemogzlivnuria, jaundice, oliguria, shock

Question 5

hemolytic disease of the newborn is due to what

Answer 5

transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies directed against Rh-positive fetal RBCs

Question 6

hemolytic disease of the newborn can happen when

Answer 6

mom is Rh- and baby Rh+

Question 7

microangiopathic hemolytic anemias are due to what

Answer 7

abnormalities in microcirculation (fibrin deposition and vessel narrowing)

Question 8

microangiopathic hemolytic anemias include what

Answer 8

heomlytic-uremic syndrom
thrombotic-thrombocytopenia purport (TTP)
preeclampsia
HELLP syndrome 
DIC

Question 9

what predominates on a blood smear of microangiopathic hemolytic anemias

Answer 9

schistocytes (fragmented RBCs)

Question 10

what cells are seen on a peripheral smear of alcoholic liver disease

Answer 10

acanthocyres or “spur” cells

target cells

Question 11

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is due to what

Answer 11

mutation in pig-A/PIGA (synthesis of GPI anchor and some membrane proteins like CD55 and CD59)

Question 12

what happens in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Answer 12

abnormal sensitivity of RBCs to lysis by complement b/c complement regulating proteins CD59 (MIRL) and CD55 (DAF) are missing

Question 13

what is the screening test for paroxysmal nocturnal hemogloinuria

Answer 13

sucrose lysis test

Question 14

how is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosed

Answer 14

flow cytometry

Question 15

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may evolve to what

Answer 15

aplastic anemia
myelodyplasia
AML

Question 16

how is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated

Answer 16

iron supplements
prednisone
bone marrow transplant

Question 17

cardiac valve prosthetics results in what

Answer 17

increased turbulence , mild compensated anemia to severe hemolytic anemia and iron deficiency later
artificial values are worse than porcine ones

Question 18

what is march hemoglobinuria

Answer 18

hemoglobinuria after exercise w/ normal peripheral blood smear

Question 19

what is seen on the peripheral smear of a burn injury

Answer 19

microspherocytes
barbell shapes
rod shapes

Question 20

hereditary spherocytosis has what result to coombs test

Answer 20

negative

Question 21

if thrombocytopenia and/or granulocytopenia are present with anemia what is needed on top of peripheral blood tests

Answer 21

bone marrow examination

Question 22

reticulocyte count is good to differentiate between what

Answer 22

hemolysis and marrow failure