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RBC > RBC Part 1 > Flashcards

RBC Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how big is a RBCs diameter

A

7-8 micrometers in diameter

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2
Q

anemia (define)

A

a reduction in amount of circulating Hb, in total number of RBCs, or circulating mass

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3
Q

in acute anemia what increase in RBCs is seen and in what timeframe

A

3x increase in RBC production within 7-10 days

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4
Q

in chronic hemolytic anemia what increase in RBCs is seen

A

up to 6-8x RBC production

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5
Q

anemia symptoms are due to what?

A

tissue hypoxia

inadequate perfusion of vital organs

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6
Q

anemia manifests as what

A 
easy fatigue
dyspnea
pallor
syncope
postural hypotension
angina
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7
Q

hypovolemia occurs with what about of blood loss

A

greater than 30%

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8
Q

hypovolumic shock occurs with what amount of blood loss

A

grater than 40%

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9
Q

anemia will lead to what due to compensatory mechanisms

A

heart murmurs
more forceful apical impulse, palpitations
tachycardia
congestive heart failure

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10
Q

CBC measures what

A

hemoglobin concentration
hematocrit
RBC indices
WBC

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11
Q

average adult blood volume is what and how is it distributed

A

5 liters
3L of plasma
2L of RBCs

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12
Q

packed red cell volume is also known as what

A

hematocrit

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13
Q

what is MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume aka the average size of a RBC

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14
Q

what is the normal values of MCV

A

80-100

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15
Q

what is MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin aka the average amount/mass of Hb in a RBC

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16
Q

what is MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration aka the proportion of each red cell taken up by Hb

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17
Q

what is RDW

A

red cell distribution width aka the coefficient of variation of RBC volume

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18
Q

what is a measurement of anisocytosis

A

RDW

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19
Q

reticulocyte count helps clarify what

A

anemia

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20
Q

what is a reituclocyte

A

young RBC with residual rRNA

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21
Q

MCV is very important in determining

A

anemia

22
Q

anemia is a sign of underlying disorder and not a diagnosis itself (T or F)

A

True

23
Q

what is the most common way of classifying anemia

A

by morphology (microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic)

24
Q

what is a way (not the most common) to classify anemia

A

pathophysiologic mechanism (deletion of RBCs, excessive destruction of RBCs, production of abnormal RBCs, underproduction of RBCs)

25
Q

microcytic, hypochromic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values

A

Iron deficiency and thalassemia

decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC

26
Q

normocytic, nomrochromic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values

A

acute blood loss
chronic disease
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC

27
Q

macrocytic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values

A

B12 and folate deficiencies
increased MCV
variable MCH and MCHC

28
Q

what do the RBCs look like in iron deficiency anemia

A

hypochromic
microcytic
anisopoikilocytic

29
Q

how do babies in the US get iron deficiency anemia

A

excessive cow’s milk intake

30
Q

chronic blood loss leads to what

A

iron deficiency anemia

31
Q

iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of what n increased amounts

A

platelets (thrombocytosis)

32
Q

how is iron naturally excreted from human

A

no natural mechanism for excretion

33
Q

what 3 proteins control the iron cycle

A

transferrin
transferrin receptor
ferritin (acute phase reactant)

34
Q

70-90% of iron in body is found where

A

hemoglobin in RBCs

35
Q

occult bleeding is due to what

A

gastrointestinal- tumor ulcers in men (adenocarcinoma)

gynecologic- postmenopausal women

36
Q

what causes iron deficiency

A 
nutritional/deficient diet
malabsorption
blood loss (menstrual or occult)
37
Q

hookworm infection can cause what

A

iron deficiency anemia

38
Q

what states require increased iron uptake

A

infancy
adolescence
pregnancy
lactation

39
Q

RDW is what in iron deficiency anemia

A

increased

40
Q

what clinical signs and symptoms are associated with iron deficiency anemia

A

pallor (conjuctiva is a good place to look)
koilonychia (“spoon nails”)
esophageal webs
pagophagia, PICA

41
Q

what happens to serum iron, fourteen, TIBC and transferrin in Iron deficiency anemia

A

low iron
high TIBC
low ferratin
low transferrin saturation

42
Q

what is the second most common anemia (second to iron)

A

anemia of chronic disease

43
Q

what is the most common anemia in hospitalized patients

A

anemia of chronic disease

44
Q

in anemia of chronic disease what are MCV, MCH, and RDW values

A

all normal

normocytic, normochromic anemia

45
Q

the life span of RBCs in anemia of chronic disease is what and why

A

decreased due to:
increased phagocytosis
factors released by damaged tissues
physical damage during passage of red cells through tissues

46
Q

defective reutilization of iron salvaged from RBCs is seen in what

A

anemia of chronic disease

47
Q

in anemia of chronic disease where is iron sequestered

A

phagocytes

48
Q

in anemia of chronic disease what are the serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels

A

low iron
normal to low transferrin
low transferring saturation
high ferritin

49
Q

anemia of chronic disease is associated with what diseases

A 
chronic renal failure
diabetes mellitus
cancer
liver disease
alcoholism
50
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils are seen where

A

megaloblastic anemias

RBC (5 decks)

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