RBC Part 1 Flashcards
how big is a RBCs diameter
7-8 micrometers in diameter
anemia (define)
a reduction in amount of circulating Hb, in total number of RBCs, or circulating mass
in acute anemia what increase in RBCs is seen and in what timeframe
3x increase in RBC production within 7-10 days
in chronic hemolytic anemia what increase in RBCs is seen
up to 6-8x RBC production
anemia symptoms are due to what?
tissue hypoxia
inadequate perfusion of vital organs
anemia manifests as what
easy fatigue dyspnea pallor syncope postural hypotension angina
hypovolemia occurs with what about of blood loss
greater than 30%
hypovolumic shock occurs with what amount of blood loss
grater than 40%
anemia will lead to what due to compensatory mechanisms
heart murmurs
more forceful apical impulse, palpitations
tachycardia
congestive heart failure
CBC measures what
hemoglobin concentration
hematocrit
RBC indices
WBC
average adult blood volume is what and how is it distributed
5 liters
3L of plasma
2L of RBCs
packed red cell volume is also known as what
hematocrit
what is MCV
mean corpuscular volume aka the average size of a RBC
what is the normal values of MCV
80-100
what is MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin aka the average amount/mass of Hb in a RBC
what is MCHC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration aka the proportion of each red cell taken up by Hb
what is RDW
red cell distribution width aka the coefficient of variation of RBC volume
what is a measurement of anisocytosis
RDW
reticulocyte count helps clarify what
anemia
what is a reituclocyte
young RBC with residual rRNA
MCV is very important in determining
anemia
anemia is a sign of underlying disorder and not a diagnosis itself (T or F)
True
what is the most common way of classifying anemia
by morphology (microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic)
what is a way (not the most common) to classify anemia
pathophysiologic mechanism (deletion of RBCs, excessive destruction of RBCs, production of abnormal RBCs, underproduction of RBCs)
microcytic, hypochromic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values
Iron deficiency and thalassemia
decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC
normocytic, nomrochromic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values
acute blood loss
chronic disease
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC
macrocytic anemia what are some examples and what happens to MCV, MCH, and MCHC values
B12 and folate deficiencies
increased MCV
variable MCH and MCHC
what do the RBCs look like in iron deficiency anemia
hypochromic
microcytic
anisopoikilocytic
how do babies in the US get iron deficiency anemia
excessive cow’s milk intake
chronic blood loss leads to what
iron deficiency anemia
iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of what n increased amounts
platelets (thrombocytosis)
how is iron naturally excreted from human
no natural mechanism for excretion
what 3 proteins control the iron cycle
transferrin
transferrin receptor
ferritin (acute phase reactant)
70-90% of iron in body is found where
hemoglobin in RBCs
occult bleeding is due to what
gastrointestinal- tumor ulcers in men (adenocarcinoma)
gynecologic- postmenopausal women
what causes iron deficiency
nutritional/deficient diet malabsorption blood loss (menstrual or occult)
hookworm infection can cause what
iron deficiency anemia
what states require increased iron uptake
infancy
adolescence
pregnancy
lactation
RDW is what in iron deficiency anemia
increased
what clinical signs and symptoms are associated with iron deficiency anemia
pallor (conjuctiva is a good place to look)
koilonychia (“spoon nails”)
esophageal webs
pagophagia, PICA
what happens to serum iron, fourteen, TIBC and transferrin in Iron deficiency anemia
low iron
high TIBC
low ferratin
low transferrin saturation
what is the second most common anemia (second to iron)
anemia of chronic disease
what is the most common anemia in hospitalized patients
anemia of chronic disease
in anemia of chronic disease what are MCV, MCH, and RDW values
all normal
normocytic, normochromic anemia
the life span of RBCs in anemia of chronic disease is what and why
decreased due to:
increased phagocytosis
factors released by damaged tissues
physical damage during passage of red cells through tissues
defective reutilization of iron salvaged from RBCs is seen in what
anemia of chronic disease
in anemia of chronic disease where is iron sequestered
phagocytes
in anemia of chronic disease what are the serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels
low iron
normal to low transferrin
low transferring saturation
high ferritin
anemia of chronic disease is associated with what diseases
chronic renal failure diabetes mellitus cancer liver disease alcoholism
hypersegmented neutrophils are seen where
megaloblastic anemias
