RBCs

Question 1

Erythrocytes are small cells that contribute to () transport
-02 and CO2

Answer 1

Gas

Question 2

Cell facts: has biconcave disc shape
no nucleus and no

Answer 2

organelles

Question 3

Filled with () for gas transport

Answer 3

Hemoglobin

Question 4

Three feautres for efficient gas transport:
() shape offers huge surface area
() makes up 97% of cell volume
RBCs have no ()

Answer 4

Biconcave
Hemoglobin
Mitochondria

Question 5

() binds with oxygen

Answer 5

Hemoglobin

Question 6

Normal values: Males (/) Females (/)

Answer 6

13-18
12/16

Question 7

Hemoglobin consist of red () pigment bound to the protein ()

Answer 7

Heme, Globin

Question 8

() is composed of four polypeptide chains
two() and two()

Answer 8

globin
Alpha, Beta

Question 9

A () pigment is bounded to each globin chain

Answer 9

heme
gives blood red color

Question 10

Each Hb molecule can transport () 02

Answer 10

4

Question 11

02 picks up in ()
-produces()

Answer 11

lungs
oxyhemoglobin

Question 12

02 unloading in ()
-Produces ()

Answer 12

tissues
dexoyhemoglobin

Question 13

CO2 loading in ()
-20% of CO2 in blood binds to Hb producing ()

Answer 13

tissues
carbaminohemoglobin

Question 14

what is formation of all blood cells

Answer 14

Hematopoiesis

Question 15

Production of RBCs=
Occurs in ()

Answer 15

Erythropoiesis
red bone marrow

Question 16

Hematopoietic stem cells gives rise to all () elements

Answer 16

formed

Question 17

To few RBCs lead to tissue () anemia

Answer 17

hypoxia

Question 18

Too many RBCs increase blood viscosity ()

Answer 18

polycythemia

Question 19

Balance between RBC production and destruction depends on 2

Answer 19

Hormonal controls
Dietary requirements

Question 20

Hormonal control
() EPO hormone that stimulates formation of RBCs
Released by kidneys in response to

Answer 20

Erythopoietin
Hypoxia

Question 21

Causes of hypoxia:
-Decreased () numbers to due hemorrhage or menstrual cycle etc
-Insufficient () per RBC
-Reduced availability of ()

Answer 21

RBC
Hemoglobin
02

Question 22

Nutritional control:
: structural part of Hemoglobin
: Helps iron get absorbed into blood at intestine
:helps make hemoglobin proteins
: B9 (folate) & ()- turns on DNA synthesis of new cells

Answer 22

Iron
Copper
Zinc
B vit

Question 23

RBC lifespan
Hemoglobin degenerates recycled by macrophages in (/)

Answer 23

90-120 days
spleen/liver

Question 24

() is stored for reuse
() recycled into amino acids
() is degraded to yellow pigment ()

Answer 24

Iron
Globin
Heme, Bilirubin

Question 25

Liver secreted () in bile, into intestines where it is degraded to pigment () urine color () is transformed into brown pigment () that leaves body in feces

Answer 25

bilirubin Urobilinogen Stercobilin

Question 26

Disorders: () to little RBCs () to many RBCS

Answer 26

Anemia Polycythemia

Question 27

() blood have normally low 02 Symptoms inlcude: fatigue pallor, chills () which is shortness of breath

Answer 27

Anemia dyspnea

Question 28

Three groups based on cause of Anemia

Answer 28

Blood loss Not enough RBCs produced To many RBCs produced

Question 29

Anemia: 1. Blood loss which is () anemia 2. ot enough RBC produced which is : () deficiency anemia () anemia () anemia

Answer 29

Hemorrhagic Iron Pernicious Aplastic

Question 30

() anemia can be caused by low iron intake or impaired absorption Treatment :

Answer 30

Iron deficiency Iron supplements

Question 31

() anemia an autoimmune disease that destorys stomach mucosa that produces () factor () factor need to absorb B12 Treatment: () injections

Answer 31

Pernicious Intrinsic B12

Question 32

() anemia is destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow caused by drugs, chemicals, radiation, or viruses Treatment: short term with transfusinos

Answer 32

Aplastic

Question 33

Too Many RBCs destroyed is premature () of RBCs referred to as () anemias Can be caused by: incompatible transfusions or infections Hemoglobin abnormalities which are () lack of globin chain () anemia

Answer 33

lysis hemolytic Thalassemias Sickle cell

Question 34

() anemia () S: mutated hemoglobin -only 1 amino acid is wrong in globin beta chain of 146 amino acids RBCs become () shaped when 02 levels are low Misshaped RBCs easily () and block small vessels Prevalent in black people

Answer 34

Sickle cell Hemoglobin Cresent rupture

Question 35

()cythemia: Abnormal excess of RBCs, increase blood () () vera: Bone marrow cancer leading to excess RBCs Hematocrit may go as high as ()% Treatment: therapeutic phlebotomy () polycythemia: caused by low 02 levels Blood (): athletes remove, store, reinfuse RBCs before event to increase 02 levels fro stamina

Answer 35

poly viscosity polycythemia 80 secondary doping