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blood system > RBCs > Flashcards

RBCs Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes are small cells that contribute to () transport
-02 and CO2

A

Gas

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2
Q

Cell facts: has biconcave disc shape
no nucleus and no

A

organelles

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3
Q

Filled with () for gas transport

A

Hemoglobin

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4
Q

Three feautres for efficient gas transport:
() shape offers huge surface area
() makes up 97% of cell volume
RBCs have no ()

A

Biconcave
Hemoglobin
Mitochondria

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5
Q

() binds with oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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6
Q

Normal values: Males (/) Females (/)

A

13-18
12/16

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7
Q

Hemoglobin consist of red () pigment bound to the protein ()

A

Heme, Globin

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8
Q

() is composed of four polypeptide chains
two() and two()

A

globin
Alpha, Beta

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9
Q

A () pigment is bounded to each globin chain

A

heme
gives blood red color

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10
Q

Each Hb molecule can transport () 02

A

4

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11
Q

02 picks up in ()
-produces()

A

lungs
oxyhemoglobin

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12
Q

02 unloading in ()
-Produces ()

A

tissues
dexoyhemoglobin

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13
Q

CO2 loading in ()
-20% of CO2 in blood binds to Hb producing ()

A

tissues
carbaminohemoglobin

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14
Q

what is formation of all blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

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15
Q

Production of RBCs=
Occurs in ()

A

Erythropoiesis
red bone marrow

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16
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells gives rise to all () elements

A

formed

17
Q

To few RBCs lead to tissue () anemia

A

hypoxia

18
Q

Too many RBCs increase blood viscosity ()

A

polycythemia

19
Q

Balance between RBC production and destruction depends on 2

A

Hormonal controls
Dietary requirements

20
Q

Hormonal control
() EPO hormone that stimulates formation of RBCs
Released by kidneys in response to

A

Erythopoietin
Hypoxia

21
Q

Causes of hypoxia:
-Decreased () numbers to due hemorrhage or menstrual cycle etc
-Insufficient () per RBC
-Reduced availability of ()

A

RBC
Hemoglobin
02

22
Q

Nutritional control:
: structural part of Hemoglobin
: Helps iron get absorbed into blood at intestine
:helps make hemoglobin proteins
: B9 (folate) & ()- turns on DNA synthesis of new cells

A

Iron
Copper
Zinc
B vit

23
Q

RBC lifespan
Hemoglobin degenerates recycled by macrophages in (/)

A

90-120 days
spleen/liver

24
Q

() is stored for reuse
() recycled into amino acids
() is degraded to yellow pigment ()

A

Iron
Globin
Heme, Bilirubin

25
Q

Liver secreted () in bile, into intestines where it is degraded to pigment () urine color
() is transformed into brown pigment () that leaves body in feces

A

bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Stercobilin

26
Q

Disorders:
() to little RBCs
() to many RBCS

A

Anemia
Polycythemia

27
Q

() blood have normally low 02
Symptoms inlcude: fatigue pallor, chills () which is shortness of breath

A

Anemia
dyspnea

28
Q

Three groups based on cause of Anemia

A

Blood loss
Not enough RBCs produced
To many RBCs produced

29
Q

Anemia:
1. Blood loss which is () anemia
2. ot enough RBC produced which is :
() deficiency anemia
() anemia
() anemia

A

Hemorrhagic
Iron
Pernicious
Aplastic

30
Q

() anemia can be caused by low iron intake or impaired absorption
Treatment :

A

Iron deficiency
Iron supplements

31
Q

() anemia an autoimmune disease that destorys stomach mucosa that produces () factor
() factor need to absorb B12
Treatment: () injections

A

Pernicious
Intrinsic
B12

32
Q

() anemia is destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow caused by drugs, chemicals, radiation, or viruses
Treatment: short term with transfusinos

A

Aplastic

33
Q

Too Many RBCs destroyed
is premature () of RBCs referred to as () anemias
Can be caused by: incompatible transfusions or infections
Hemoglobin abnormalities which are
() lack of globin chain
() anemia

A

lysis
hemolytic
Thalassemias
Sickle cell

34
Q

() anemia
() S: mutated hemoglobin
-only 1 amino acid is wrong in globin beta chain of 146 amino acids
RBCs become () shaped when 02 levels are low
Misshaped RBCs easily () and block small vessels
Prevalent in black people

A

Sickle cell
Hemoglobin
Cresent
rupture

35
Q

()cythemia:
Abnormal excess of RBCs, increase blood ()
() vera: Bone marrow cancer leading to excess RBCs
Hematocrit may go as high as ()%
Treatment: therapeutic phlebotomy
() polycythemia: caused by low 02 levels
Blood (): athletes remove, store, reinfuse RBCs before event to increase 02 levels fro stamina

A

poly
viscosity
polycythemia
80
secondary
doping

blood system (11 decks)

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