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Heme > RBC Morphology > Flashcards

RBC Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Abnormal variation in RBC size

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2
Q

Poikliocytosis

A

Abnormal variation in RBC shape

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3
Q

Normocytic parameters

A

7-8 um, MCV 80-100 fl

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4
Q

Microcytic parameters & causes

A

<7 um, MCV <80 fl

Hemoglobin production problem

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5
Q

Microcytic diseases

A

iron deficiency, hemoglobinpathies, thalassemias, sideroblastic anemias (lead poisoning), anemia of inflammation (chronic disease)

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6
Q

Macrocytic parameters & causes

A

> 8 um, MCV >100 fl

DNA synthhesis defect

Megaloblastic changes (asynchronism)

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7
Q

Macrocytic diseases

A

Megaloblastic anemias, megaloblastoid (chemo), increased reticulocyte count

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8
Q

Hypochromic cause

A

RBCs lack normal amount of hemoglobin

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9
Q

Hypochromic diseases

A

Irong deficiency, thalassemia

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10
Q

Polychromasia causes

A

Young RBC that has just spit out its nucleus, pale lavendar due to remnant RNA

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11
Q

Polychromasia diseases

A

Increased levels normal due to compensating for blood loss, hemolysis

Decreased/insufficient increase indicative of bone marrow not responding properly

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12
Q

Oval/Elliptocyte Diseases

A

Lateral spectrin-ankyrin juction defect

Myelodysplastic syndroms

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13
Q

Target cell cause

A

Increase in lipid membranes result in increased surface area or reduced hemoglobin

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14
Q

Target cell diseases

A

HgB abnormality

Liver disease, anemias, IDA

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15
Q

Sickle Cells (Drepanocytes) cause

A

Presence of abnormal Hgb S in reduced oxygen tension cells will sickle

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16
Q

Sickle cell diseases

A

HgB SC disease
HgB S - thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia

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17
Q

Crystal cells (HgB C)

A

Condensation of abnormal HgB C into “washington monument” shaped crystal, one or both ends pointed

18
Q

Crystal cells (HgB SC)

A

Bird shaped crystal

Needs to be confirmed with electrophoresis

19
Q

Envelope cause

A

Associated with Hgb C

20
Q

Burr Cells (Echinocytes) cause

A

change in tonicity of intravascular fluid

21
Q

Burr cells (echinocytes) diseases

A

Uremia, liver disease, burns, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

22
Q

Acanthocyte causes

A

abnormal lipid membranes

23
Q

Acanthocyte diseases

A

abetalipoproteinemia, liver disease

24
Q

Schistocytes diseases

A

Dic, ttp, hem, HUS, MAHA, Aprol

25
Q

Tear Drop (Dacryocytes) cause/disease

A

Inclusions being removed, myelofibrosis

26
Q

Spherocyte cause

A

Defect/lack of cell membrane (they can’t deform, so they lose membrane over time and can’t keep biconcave shape)

27
Q

Spherocytes diseases

A

Defect in vertical spectrin ankyrin interactions

28
Q

Stomatocyte diseases

A

Liver disease

Rh deficiency syndrome
-Rh null (absent)
-Rh-mod (reduced)

29
Q

Stomatocyte causes

A

Failure of Na/K pumps, increased cellular H2O and cells swell

30
Q

Agglutination causes

A

RBC antibody (cold agglutinin, immune hemolytic anemia)

31
Q

Rouleaux cause

A

increase in plasma proteins/antibodies, coat RBCs, masking zeta potential/sialic acid

fix with saline replacement

32
Q

Rouleaux diseases

A

Multiple myeloma, Waldenstom’s, macroglobulinemia

33
Q

Howell-Jolly Bodies description

A

Bit of nucleus left behind, small dense blue dot at RBC periphery

34
Q

Howell-Jolly Body diseases

A

Occasional is normal. High amounts indicate busy bone marrow (hemolysis, megaloblastic nemias, thalassemias)

Splenectomy!

35
Q

Basophilic stippling description

A

Remnant RNA

36
Q

Basophilic stippling diseases

A

Coarse = lead poisoning

Blood loss, hemolysis, thalassemia

37
Q

Pappenheimer bodies description

A

Iron granules (too much, or ineffective use)

Use Prussion Blue stain to confirm

38
Q

Pappenheimer diseases

A

Sideroblastic anemias, hemochromatosis, hemoglobinopathies, thalassemias

39
Q

Cabot ring description

A

Very fine, single or double loop

Nuclear membrane remnant, indicative of busy bone marrow

40
Q

Heinz Bodies

A

Requires supravital stain

Precipitated, denatured hemoglobin due to oxidative injury (G6PD deficiency, looking at you Hexose monophosphate pathway)

41
Q

Hemoglobin H inclusions

A

Requires supravital stain

Precipitated Beta-Hgb chains

Heme (2 decks)

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