Exam 4 (Formulas, Reference Ranges) Flashcards
WBC Count Units
One decimel place x 10^3/mm^3
Ex: 5,5000 is 5.5 x 10^3/mm^3
PLT Count Units
Whole number, no decimels x 10^3/mm^3
Ex: 350,000 is 350 x 10^3/mm^3
Manual WBC Formula
(Count Average x Dilution x 10)/# primary squares
Ex: Average 250, Dilution 1:20, 4 primary square
(250 x 20 x 10) / 4
Manual PLT Formula
(Count Average x Dilution x 10)/ portion of primary squares
Ex: Average 250, Dilution 1:1000, 10/25 primary square
(250 x 100 x 10) / (10/25)
WBC Adult Reference Range
4.4 - 11.0 x 10^3 WBC/mm^3
RBC Male & Female Reference Ranges
Male: 4.5 - 5.9 x 10^6/mm^3
Female: 4.0 - 5.2 x 10^6/mm^3
PLT Adult Reference Range
150 - 400 x 10^3/mm^3
Primary square volume
0.1 mm^3
Secondary square volume
0.004 mm^3
Tertiary square volume
0.00025 mm^3
RBC Count Units
Two decimel places x 10^6/mm^3
Ex: 4,230,000 becomes 4.23 x 10^6 / mm^3
Corrected WBC Formula
if more than 5 nRBCs are present
(100 x uncorrected WBC) / (100 + nRBC)
Beer’s Law (what is it used for)
Used to calculate the concentration of hemoglobin in an unknown sample
Beer’s Law Formula & Units
( [ ] of unknown/ [ ] of known ) / (Abs. or unknown / absorbance of known) x dilution
Where dilution = (TOTAL volume/sample volume)
Reported in grams/deciliter!!! Make sure to convert if known hemoglobin is given in mg/dl (divide by 1000).
Hemoglobin Male & Female Reference Ranges
Male: 13.5 - 17.5 g/dl
Female: 12.0 - 16.0 g/dl
Hematocrit definition
% of whole blood occupied by RBCs
Varies with age, sex, altitude, nutrition, smoking
Rule of 3
RBC x 3 ~ HgB
HgB x 3 ~ Hct
Hematocrit Male & Female Reference Ranges
Male: 41.0 -53%
Female: 36.0 - 46.0%
Mean Cell Volume Formula
(Hematocrit x 10) / RBC in millions
MCV Reference Range
80.0 - 96.0 fl
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Formula
(Hemoglobin x 10) / RBC in millions
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Reference Range
29.0 - 32.0 pg
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration
Formula
(Hemoglobin/Hematocrit) x 100
MCHC Reference Range & Troubleshooting
33.4-35.5 g/dl or %
Should never be <30% or >36%
Red Cell Distribution Width reference range
11.5 - 15.0 g/L or %
Retic Math Process
Retics counted = 60 (ex, 60 found after 111 cells counted), patient 35% Hct
Raw Retic % = 6.0%
Corrected Retic = 6.0 x (35/45) = 4.7%
Days to maturation =
45-35 = 10
10/2 = 5
5 * 0.1 = 0.5
1 + 0.5 = 1.5 days
RPI = 4.7/1.5 = 3.1%
RPI Reference Range
0.5 - 1.5%
1 is normal, 3 is an “appropriate response” to low hematocrit
ESR Male & Female Reference Ranges
Male: 0-20 mm/hr
Female: 0-30 mm/hr
RBC Histogram Normal distribusion
large peak at ~80-100, small tail to 200
PLT Histogram Normal Distribution
Main peak between 2 & ~15, medium tail to 20.
WBC Histogram Reference Ranges
Lymphs: 50-90 fl
Monos: 90-160 fl
PMNs: 160-450 fl
Threshold
Electrically setting a size limit for the pulse size
Channel
the area between thresholds (a subgroup of cells by size)
