RBC Disorder PART 1 Flashcards
in normal conditions, constant red cell replacement = red cell
LOSS. this is around 1%. Anemia results when the rate of RBC production does not keep up with red cell loss.
What does EPO require?
- intact marrow function and sufficient erythropoietin
2. nutrients for hgb synthesis and cell division
What blood tests indicates the bone marrow’s response to anemia?
the retic count.
for the cause of anemia listed, what is the expected retic response by the bone marrow?
cause= lack of a component essential to produce hemoglobin
normal/low absolute reticulocyte count (reticulocytopenia)
For the cause of anemia listed, what is the expected retic response by the bone marrorw?
cause: reduced RBC lifespan due to destruction
high absolute reticulocyte count
For the cause of anemia listed, what is the expected retic response by the bone marrow?
cause= marrow injury or replacement by malignant cells
normal/low absolute reticulocyte count (reticulocytopenia)
What is anemia?
decreases in RBC count, hgb, and or HCT values as compared to normal for age and sex.
What is true anemia?
decreased RBC mass and normal plasma volume.
What is psuedo or dilution anemia?
NORMAL RBC mass and increased plasma volume: pregnacy, volume overload, CHF
how is anemia functionally defined?
as tissue hypoxia
What is the hematologic response to anemia?
tissue hypoxia causes increased renal release of EPO to accelerate bone marrow erythorpoiesis. The normal bone marrow can increase its activity to 7-8x normal. The bone marrow may fail to increase its acitvity due to lack of supplies.
What may be released along with reticulocytes in the hemotologic response to anemia?
nucleated red cells.
what does the ability to adapt to anemia depend on?
age and underlying disease. cardiopulmonary function. rate of anemia development.
what are the symptoms of hypoxia?
fatigue, dizziness, headaches, dyspnea, poor exercise tolerance, cardiac stress, pallor, rapid pulse.
What are some common physical signs of anemia?
leg uclers, hand foot syndrome, spooned nails, glossitis, spleen enlargement, liver enlargement, lymph node enlargement, jaundice, superficial bleeding, prominent forehead, bone tenderness, lead line (teeth), bruising.
What are the methods of anemia classification?
- morphologic
2. pathophys
Describe the morphologic classification of anemia
anemia is divided into three groups on hte basis of MCV (micro, normo, and macrocytic)
Describe the pathophysiologic classification of anemia.
anemia is divided into two main causes :
- decreased delivery of red cells to the blood…retic count is low.
- increased loss of red cells from the blood…retic count is high but red cell loss usually exceeds the bone marrow’s capacity to increase its acitivity.
classification of anemia
look at chart, then fill me out
What do you need to consider when making the diagnosis of anemia
patient history, physical signs and clinical symptoms when ordering tests, and or interp results.
What does your lab investigation of anemia begin with?
CBC with diff:
- detects mild to severe anemia
- MCV to classify
- RBC morph abnormalities
- WBC and PLT counts are normal or increased in most anemia but low in aplastic anemia
What will ordering a retic count tell you?
measures the rate of RBC production by bone marrow. Helps differentiaate normocytic anemias, usually high in hemolytic anemia.
What is Hgb electrophoresis?
it quantitates normal and abnormal Hgb types. useful in thalassemias and hgb S disorders.
What is the screen for Hgb S?
sickle cell anemia. Hgb S is insoluble in reagent.
lines not visible = positive for Hgb S
lines visible = - for Hgb S
