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Med Lab 3 > Hematopoiesis Overview > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematology?

A

study of blood cells and blood producing organs, blood coagulation

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2
Q

What is the normal total blood volume?

A

5L

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3
Q

BV= plasma volume? Rbc mass? WBCs and PLTs?

A

55, 44, 1%

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4
Q

what is the term for production of bone cells in the bone marrow?

A

medullary

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5
Q

cell production =

A

cell death

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6
Q

cells are constantly produced, they have a …

A

finite lifespan

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7
Q

What affects cell numbers?

A

cytokines, stimulating factors, interluekins, and they can stimulate or inhibit proliferation and apoptosis.

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8
Q

where is the primary site of a cell in a fetus?

A

liver

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9
Q

where is the primary site of hematopoiesis by birth and in normal adult?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

what amount does normal bone marrow have the potential to increase by?

A

7x

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11
Q

what is is called when you produce cells outside of the bone marrow?

A

extramedullary

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12
Q

what is the stem cell theory of hematoipoises?

A

all cells are derived from a pool of stem cells that are self-renewing. pluripotent and multpotential stem cells give rise to committed stem cells for each line. committed stem cells have receptor for specific growth factors. they respond to stimulation by division and maturation into end stage cells

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13
Q

What does EPO regulate?

A

RBC production

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14
Q

What does TPO regulate?

A

PLT production

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15
Q

what influences lymphocyte production?

A

environment (t lymph= thymus, b lymph= bone marrow

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16
Q

what cell gives rise to ALL cells?

A

pluripotent progenitor cell

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17
Q

What two cells to does the pluripotent progenitor cell directly give rise to?

A

myeloid and lymphoid stem cell.

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18
Q

what does the lymphoid stem cell give rise to?

A

ONLY lymph cells

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19
Q

what is the first recognizable cell in a line?

A

they are all -blasts

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20
Q

what is normal bone marrow full of?

A

full of developing precursor cells in all stages of maturation. released into blood at maturity. forest recognizable precurors in each cell line is a blast.

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21
Q

Describe the immature blast cell:

A

large cell, high n/c ratio, large nucleus, fine chromatin and nucleoli, small amount of dark blue cytoplasm

22
Q

Describe the mature cell:

A

cells become smaller, nuclear chromatin clumps, hgb or granules appear, n/c ratio decreases.

23
Q

what does normal RBC and Hgb production require?

A

amino acids, iron, folic acid, bit b12

24
Q

what controls the rate of RBC production?

A

the rate of oxygen delivered to the tissues. mainly regulated bo EPO produced in the kidneys (which have sensors to pick up on decreased 02)

25
Q

What kind of erythrocytes do you have in the bone marrow?

A

4 types of nucleated RBC stages.

26
Q

What erythrocyte can you find in both the marrow and blood?

A

reticulocyte, circulates 1 day before coming a mature cell

27
Q

How long do mature RBCs live?

A

120 days

28
Q

What does polychromasia mean?

A

it a a description of a large blue-tinged red cells on wright’s stained blood smear. it is reported on a differential report if it is present.

29
Q

What are normal RBCs called? What are normal color RBCs called?

A

normocytic. normochromic

30
Q

what is the shape of RBCs?

A

biconcave disc, best for oxygen transport. survival is dependent on maintaining shape.

31
Q

Where can you find deformable RBCs?

A

in microvessels in spleen

32
Q

what is the RBC function?

A

02 transport and CO2 removal

33
Q

what are the two building blocks of hemoglobin?

A

globin- 4 chains, that are amino acids in a specific sequence: alpha beta gamma delta
heme= where oxygen binds to central iron atom.

34
Q

heme groups are always ________. different _____ determine hemoglobin type.

A

identical, globin chains

35
Q

what are the three types of hgb, when are they present by? what is the majority for adults?

A

A, A2, and F by 6 months of age. A.

36
Q

What is an abnormal Hgb type?

A

Hgb S. causes sickle cell formation.

37
Q

How, where, and by who doe RBC get destroyed?

A

aged or defective red cells are mainly removed by tissue monocytes called macrophages in the spleen and liver. Iron is recycled for hemoglobin synthesis or is stored as ferritin in the liver and bone marrow.

38
Q

Select the test that is ordered to measure or detect the rate of RBC production by the bone marrow?

A

reticulocyte count

39
Q

Select the test that is ordered to measure or detect normal and abnormal Hgb types?

A

Hemoglobin electrophoreisis.

40
Q

what is left shift?

A

increased immature wbc’s seen in blood

41
Q

what is the lifespan of the mature granulocyte?

A

1-2 days

42
Q

what is included in granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, eoisinophils, and basophils

43
Q

Neutrophils:

A

major role is phagocytosis, granules contain lytic enzymes, defend agasint bacterial infections, segmented nuetorphils are the #1 type of WBC seen in normal adults.

44
Q

Eosinophils:

A

defend against parasitic infections, modify allergic reactions

45
Q

Basophils:

A

immediate hypersensitivity rxns, granules contain histamine.

46
Q

What is monocyte maturation regulated by?

A

GM-CSF

47
Q

In the ________, they are called monocytes. In the _____ they are called macrophages

A

marrow and blood, tissues

48
Q

what is the lifespan of a monocyte?

A

months to years!

49
Q

what is the #1 WBC in children, but #2 in adults?

A

lymphocytes

50
Q

Describe the immune response:

A

leave primary tissues, recirculate–> antigen contact. T lymphs regulate the IR (celluar immunity), and B lymphs transform into antibody-secreting plasma cells (humoral)

51
Q

What regulates platelet maturation and function?

A

TPO, mainly produced in liver. In the bone marrow, the platelet producing megakaryocytic in the largest cell in normal bone marrow. In the blood, you may see young, giant forms, and the lifspan is 10 days. (70% are in circulation, and 30% are in spleen)

Med Lab 3 (7 decks)

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