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Visceral Disorder and Lab Interpretation > RBC, CBC, WBC, Leukemia Review Sheets > Flashcards

RBC, CBC, WBC, Leukemia Review Sheets Flashcards

1
Q

What do you look at on a CBC to decide if there is anemia?

A
  • RBC
  • Hmt
  • Hgb
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2
Q

Normal RBC, Hmt, Hgb.

Dx:

A

Normal (not anemic)

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3
Q

High RBC, Hmt, and Hgb

Dx:

A

Polycythemia

  • Primary = malignancy
  • Secondary = related to hypoxia
  • Tertiary = related to dehydration
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4
Q

Low RBC and/or Hmt and/or Hgb

Dx:

A

Anemia

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5
Q

Anemias are classified primarily by ______ and ______. Color is really a measure of ____ content

A

Cell size (primary)

  • Cell color (secondary)
  • Hgb content = color
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6
Q

How do we determine cell size and color?

A

RBC indices

  • MCV = size
  • MCH/MCHC = cell color (Hgb)
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7
Q

Decreased MCV

A

Microcytic

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8
Q

Normal MCV

A

Normocytic

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9
Q

Increased MCV

A

Macrocytic

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10
Q

T/F Displaying increased MCH/MCHC with anemia is known as hypochromic anemia

A

FALSE

-Known as Hyperchromic anemia a.k.a. Polychromasia

Low MCH/MCHC anemia = Hypochromic anemia

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11
Q

MC Anemia in the world

A

IDA

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12
Q

MC anemia based on cell size

A

Microcytic anemia

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13
Q

MC microcytic anemia

A

IDA

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14
Q

MC etiology of IDA is

A

CBL

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15
Q

MC cause of CBL

A

GI bleed (chronic)

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16
Q

What anemias have decreased MCV, MCH, and MCHC?

A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemias

  • Iron Deficiency Anemia (MC)
  • Chronic Blood Loss (really an IDA)
  • Thalassemia
  • Anemia of Chronic Disease (if kidney problem = Anemia of Renal Disease)
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17
Q

Differential Dx for the Microcytic hypochromic anemias

A
  • History
  • Clinical presentations
  • X-rays
  • Nationality
  • Iron parameters******
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18
Q

What are the iron parameters?

-Which is best utilized to help DDx microcytic anemias?

A

Iron, Ferritin, and TIBC

-TIBC is best utilized

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19
Q

T/F IDA and CBL will both show decreased TIBC

A

FALSE

  • IDA/CBL = increased TIBC
  • ACD/ARD = Decreased TIBC
  • Thalassemia = Normal TIBC
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20
Q

Which anemias have normal MCV, MCH, and MCHC?

A

Normocytic Normochromic Anemias

  • Hemolytic Anemias (like Sickle Cell)
  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Acute Blood Loss
  • Anemia of Chronic Disease (or with kidney problems = Anemia of Renal Disease)
21
Q

Differential Dx of the normocytic normochromic anemias

A
  • History
  • Clinical presentation
  • Race
  • Other things on CBC (low RBC, WBC, platelets = Aplastic Anemia)
  • X-rays
  • H-shaped vertebrae
22
Q

Which anemias have increased MCV and normal/increased MCH/MCHC

A

Macrocytic Normochromic/Hyperchromic Anemias

(don’t care about color if the cells are big)

  • B12 deficiency Anemia
  • Folic Acid (B9) deficiency Anemia
  • Liver disease Anemia
  • Alcoholic anemia
23
Q

T/F The megaloblastic anemias are liver disease and alcoholism while the nonmegaloblastic anemias are B9 and B12 deficiencies

A

FALSE

  • Megaloblastic anemias = B9 and B12 deficiencies (MC, split 50/50)
  • Nonmegaloblastic anemias = Liver disease and alcoholism (LC)
24
Q

Differential Dx of the macrocytic anemias

A
  • Liver function test
  • History
  • Clinical presentation
  • Vitamin Assay
  • Bone marrow biopsy
25
Q

If the macrocytic anemia is caused by a B12 deficiency, it is most likely due to lack of ________ also known as ______ anemia. 1/4 of these patients die of stomach cancer

A

Lack of intrinsic factor

Pernicious Anemia

26
Q

Normal WBC Range

A

5,000-10,000

27
Q
  • <5 WBC most commonly due to __________
  • 10-18,000 most commonly due to ______________
  • 20-30,000 with s/s/ of abdominal complaint most likely due to a _______________
  • 30-50,000 most likey due to _______ or __________
  • >50,000 most likely due to ________
A
  • <5,000most commonly due to viral infection
  • 10-18,000 most commonly due to bacterial infection/inflammation
  • 20-30,000 with s/s/ of abdominal complaint most likely due to a acute hot abdomen (abdominal “itises”)
  • 30-50,000 most likey due to leukemia (probably chronic) or leukemoid reaction
  • >50,000 most likely due to leukemia
28
Q
  • Segs primarily respond to _________
  • Bands primarily respond to ______
  • Lymphcytes primarily respond to ________
A

Segs = Bacterial

Bands = Bacterial

Lymphcytes = Viral

29
Q

Eosinophils primarily respond to _______ and _______

Basophils respond primarily to _______

Monocytes respond to help _____

A

Eosinophils = parasites and allergies

Basophils = hypersensitivity/allergic

Monocytes = help neutrophils

30
Q

An increase in immature cells is called a ________ or a ________

A

Shift to the Left

Schilling Shift

31
Q

Leukemias are classified as either ______ or ____ and by _____ or ________ or _______

A

Classified as Acute or Chronic

AND

Cell type or predominate cell type or major cell type

32
Q

T/T Presence of Pros and/or Blasts makes a Leukemia Chronic

A

FALSE

  • Blasts and/or Pros present = Acute Leukemia
  • No Blasts and Pros = Chronic Leukemia
33
Q

WBC differential count should equal ____ cells

A

100

34
Q

Along with stem cells, these are bone marrow cells that should remain in the bone marrow and not be found in the peripheral blood.

A

Metas

Myelos

Pros

Blasts

35
Q

Metas, Myelos, Pros and Blasts listed on a differential belong to the ____/_____ unless they are designated by a letter.

A

Neutrophils/Segs

36
Q

L-Blasts come from what cell lineage?

-What about B-Metas?

A

L-Blasts/L-Pros = Lymphocyte lineage

-B-Blasts/B-Metas = Basophil lineage

Mo-Blasts = Monocyte lineage

E-Pros = Eosinophil lineage

37
Q

WBC = >50,000

  • 5 metas
  • 5 myelo
  • 5 pros
  • 5 blasts

Dx:

A

Acute Myelocytic Leukemia

  • >50,000 = Leukemia
  • Pros and blasts = Acute
  • No special letter in from of cell types = Neutrophil/Myelocytic/Segs
38
Q

WBC = >50,000

  • 5 E-metas
  • 5 E-myelo
  • 5 E-pros
  • 5 E-blasts

Dx:

A

Acute Eosinophil Leukemia

  • >50,000 = Leukemia
  • Pros and blasts = Acute
  • E letter in front of cell types say it is the Eosinophils out of control
39
Q

WBC = >50,000

-5 L-blasts

Dx:

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

  • >50,000 = Leukemia
  • Blasts and/or Pros = Acute
  • L letter in front of cell types show that the Lymphcytic cells are out of control
40
Q

30-50,000 WBC could be either Leukemia or Leukemoid Reaction

-If labs show 42 WBC and the predominate cell type is Segs, what 2 conditions could this show?

A

Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Neutrophilic Leukemoid Reaction

41
Q

What tests can be used to help differentiate leukemia from leukemoid reactions?

A

Bone marrow biopsy

Philadelphia chromosome

42
Q

Lab shows 42 WBC and predominate cell type is lymphocytes. What 2 conditions could this be?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Lymphocytic Leukemoid Reaction

43
Q

What lab tests would be utilized to differentiate CLL and Lymphocytic Leukemoid Reaction?

A
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Lymph node biopsy

(need both)

44
Q

T/F Neutrophilic leukemoid reactions resemble CML while Lymphocytic leukemoid reaction resemble CLL

A

True

45
Q

42 WBC

-5 Blasts

Dx:

A

AML

46
Q

42 WBC

-5 L-blasts

Dx:

A

ALL

47
Q

Biopsy shows presence of ________ which confirms a Diagnosis of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Where was the biopsy taken from?

A

Reed-Sternberg Cells

-Biopsy is from the lymph nodes

48
Q

Malignant proliferation of plasma cells is known as _________

A

Multiple Myeloma

Visceral Disorder and Lab Interpretation (7 decks)

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