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Visceral Disorder and Lab Interpretation > RBC, CBC, WBC, Leukemia Review Sheets > Flashcards

RBC, CBC, WBC, Leukemia Review Sheets Flashcards

1
Q

What do you look at on a CBC to decide if there is anemia?

A
  • RBC
  • Hmt
  • Hgb
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2
Q

Normal RBC, Hmt, Hgb.

Dx:

A

Normal (not anemic)

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3
Q

High RBC, Hmt, and Hgb

Dx:

A

Polycythemia

  • Primary = malignancy
  • Secondary = related to hypoxia
  • Tertiary = related to dehydration
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4
Q

Low RBC and/or Hmt and/or Hgb

Dx:

A

Anemia

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5
Q

Anemias are classified primarily by ______ and ______. Color is really a measure of ____ content

A

Cell size (primary)

  • Cell color (secondary)
  • Hgb content = color
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6
Q

How do we determine cell size and color?

A

RBC indices

  • MCV = size
  • MCH/MCHC = cell color (Hgb)
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7
Q

Decreased MCV

A

Microcytic

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8
Q

Normal MCV

A

Normocytic

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9
Q

Increased MCV

A

Macrocytic

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10
Q

T/F Displaying increased MCH/MCHC with anemia is known as hypochromic anemia

A

FALSE

-Known as Hyperchromic anemia a.k.a. Polychromasia

Low MCH/MCHC anemia = Hypochromic anemia

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11
Q

MC Anemia in the world

A

IDA

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12
Q

MC anemia based on cell size

A

Microcytic anemia

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13
Q

MC microcytic anemia

A

IDA

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14
Q

MC etiology of IDA is

A

CBL

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15
Q

MC cause of CBL

A

GI bleed (chronic)

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16
Q

What anemias have decreased MCV, MCH, and MCHC?

A

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemias

  • Iron Deficiency Anemia (MC)
  • Chronic Blood Loss (really an IDA)
  • Thalassemia
  • Anemia of Chronic Disease (if kidney problem = Anemia of Renal Disease)
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17
Q

Differential Dx for the Microcytic hypochromic anemias

A
  • History
  • Clinical presentations
  • X-rays
  • Nationality
  • Iron parameters******
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18
Q

What are the iron parameters?

-Which is best utilized to help DDx microcytic anemias?

A

Iron, Ferritin, and TIBC

-TIBC is best utilized

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19
Q

T/F IDA and CBL will both show decreased TIBC

A

FALSE

  • IDA/CBL = increased TIBC
  • ACD/ARD = Decreased TIBC
  • Thalassemia = Normal TIBC
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20
Q

Which anemias have normal MCV, MCH, and MCHC?

A

Normocytic Normochromic Anemias

  • Hemolytic Anemias (like Sickle Cell)
  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Acute Blood Loss
  • Anemia of Chronic Disease (or with kidney problems = Anemia of Renal Disease)
21
Q

Differential Dx of the normocytic normochromic anemias

A
  • History
  • Clinical presentation
  • Race
  • Other things on CBC (low RBC, WBC, platelets = Aplastic Anemia)
  • X-rays
  • H-shaped vertebrae
22
Q

Which anemias have increased MCV and normal/increased MCH/MCHC

A

Macrocytic Normochromic/Hyperchromic Anemias

(don’t care about color if the cells are big)

  • B12 deficiency Anemia
  • Folic Acid (B9) deficiency Anemia
  • Liver disease Anemia
  • Alcoholic anemia
23
Q

T/F The megaloblastic anemias are liver disease and alcoholism while the nonmegaloblastic anemias are B9 and B12 deficiencies

A

FALSE

  • Megaloblastic anemias = B9 and B12 deficiencies (MC, split 50/50)
  • Nonmegaloblastic anemias = Liver disease and alcoholism (LC)
24
Q

Differential Dx of the macrocytic anemias

A
  • Liver function test
  • History
  • Clinical presentation
  • Vitamin Assay
  • Bone marrow biopsy
25
If the macrocytic anemia is caused by a B12 deficiency, it is most likely due to lack of ________ also known as ______ anemia. 1/4 of these patients die of stomach cancer
Lack of intrinsic factor Pernicious Anemia
26
Normal WBC Range
5,000-10,000
27
- \<5 WBC most commonly due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - 10-18,000 most commonly due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - 20-30,000 with s/s/ of abdominal complaint most likely due to a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - 30-50,000 most likey due to _______ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \>50,000 most likely due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \<5,000most commonly due to viral infection - 10-18,000 most commonly due to bacterial infection/inflammation - 20-30,000 with s/s/ of abdominal complaint most likely due to a acute hot abdomen (abdominal "itises") - 30-50,000 most likey due to leukemia (probably chronic) or leukemoid reaction - \>50,000 most likely due to leukemia
28
- Segs primarily respond to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Bands primarily respond to \_\_\_\_\_\_ - Lymphcytes primarily respond to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Segs = Bacterial Bands = Bacterial Lymphcytes = Viral
29
Eosinophils primarily respond to _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Basophils respond primarily to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Monocytes respond to help \_\_\_\_\_
Eosinophils = parasites and allergies Basophils = hypersensitivity/allergic Monocytes = help neutrophils
30
An increase in immature cells is called a ________ or a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Shift to the Left Schilling Shift
31
Leukemias are classified as either ______ or ____ and by _____ or ________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Classified as Acute or Chronic AND Cell type or predominate cell type or major cell type
32
T/T Presence of Pros and/or Blasts makes a Leukemia Chronic
FALSE - Blasts and/or Pros present = Acute Leukemia - No Blasts and Pros = Chronic Leukemia
33
WBC differential count should equal ____ cells
100
34
Along with stem cells, these are bone marrow cells that should remain in the bone marrow and not be found in the peripheral blood.
Metas Myelos Pros Blasts
35
Metas, Myelos, Pros and Blasts listed on a differential belong to the \_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_ unless they are designated by a letter.
Neutrophils/Segs
36
L-Blasts come from what cell lineage? -What about B-Metas?
L-Blasts/L-Pros = Lymphocyte lineage -B-Blasts/B-Metas = Basophil lineage Mo-Blasts = Monocyte lineage E-Pros = Eosinophil lineage
37
WBC = \>50,000 - 5 metas - 5 myelo - 5 pros - 5 blasts Dx:
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia - \>50,000 = Leukemia - Pros and blasts = Acute - No special letter in from of cell types = Neutrophil/Myelocytic/Segs
38
WBC = \>50,000 - 5 E-metas - 5 E-myelo - 5 E-pros - 5 E-blasts Dx:
Acute Eosinophil Leukemia - \>50,000 = Leukemia - Pros and blasts = Acute - E letter in front of cell types say it is the Eosinophils out of control
39
WBC = \>50,000 -5 L-blasts Dx:
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia - \>50,000 = Leukemia - Blasts and/or Pros = Acute - L letter in front of cell types show that the Lymphcytic cells are out of control
40
30-50,000 WBC could be either Leukemia or Leukemoid Reaction -If labs show 42 WBC and the predominate cell type is Segs, what 2 conditions could this show?
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Neutrophilic Leukemoid Reaction
41
What tests can be used to help differentiate leukemia from leukemoid reactions?
Bone marrow biopsy Philadelphia chromosome
42
Lab shows 42 WBC and predominate cell type is lymphocytes. What 2 conditions could this be?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphocytic Leukemoid Reaction
43
What lab tests would be utilized to differentiate CLL and Lymphocytic Leukemoid Reaction?
- Bone marrow biopsy - Lymph node biopsy (need both)
44
T/F Neutrophilic leukemoid reactions resemble CML while Lymphocytic leukemoid reaction resemble CLL
True
45
42 WBC -5 Blasts Dx:
AML
46
42 WBC -5 L-blasts Dx:
ALL
47
Biopsy shows presence of ________ which confirms a Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Where was the biopsy taken from?
Reed-Sternberg Cells -Biopsy is from the lymph nodes
48
Malignant proliferation of plasma cells is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Multiple Myeloma

Visceral Disorder and Lab Interpretation (7 decks)

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