RBC Flashcards
Risk based capital system
tool to help provide early warning of potential impending insurer insolvency
RBC formula
calc min level of capital that insurer should hold based on risks to which it is exposed; output feeds
RBC ratio = actual capital/required capital
RBC model act for insurers
provides state regulator authority to take action if RBC ratio falls below threshold level
-RBC formula applies specific factors to certain risks to which insurer is exposed and P&C consists or asset risk, UW risk, and covariance adj
Asset Risk
-Risk that assets lose value
R0 Subsidiary insurers: default risk from investments in these companies
-off-balance sheet risk
R1 Fixed income: impact of changing interest rates on valuation and default risk
R2 Equity: change in valuation
R3 Credit
-risk that counterparties such as reinsurers will not pay as expected
UW Risk
-risk that prem will be insufficient to cover loss and expense and that reserves may develop adversely
R4 Reserve risk: risk that reserves will develop adversely assuming current values are adequate
R5 Net WP risk: risk that following year’s business will be unprofitable
-predominant portion of RBC charge
Excluded risks
business plan & strategy, management, internal controls, systems, reserve adequacy, ability to access capital bc too difficult to quantify
r0 Common stock investment
charge depends on accting method used to record investment in subsidiary
-market value approach = based on market value adj for ownership %
RBC=min(aff RBC, statutory surplus)*ownership%
-equity method = investment based on statutory equity adj for unamortized goodwill and adj for ownership -> carrying value is initially the cost and then adj based on income
RBC=min(aff RBC ownership%, book/adj carrying value of stock)
r0 Off-balance sheet & other
: not included in financials but still are assets/potential liab so expose insurer to risk
- Non-controlled assets, contingent liab, guarantees for benefit of affiliates
- 1% charge factor applied to these items
- 0.2% for securities lending programs that conform to certain rules that lower risk
r0 Investments in alien insurance affiliates
not subject to RBC requirements
- for directly owned: RBC= book/adj carrying value*0.5
- for indirectly owned: RBC= carrying value*0.5
bond size factor
: reflects amount of diversification; measured based on # of issuers of bonds
Factor = weighted issuers/issuers -1
- 1st 50 issuers = 250%, next 50 130%, next 300 100%, rest 90%
- if over 1300 issuers, adj = 0
r1: mortgage loans and misc assets
Mortgage loans: RBC = 0.05*book/adj carrying value of loans
Misc Assets: RBC = factor*book/adj carrying value of assets (excess of amounts considered elsewhere in RBC fomula)
-0.003 for cash & short term and 0.05 for admitted collateral loans
r1 general formula
R1 = bond charge + bond size charge + asset concentration charge
Unaffiliated common stock
RBC=0.15*book/adj carrying value of stock
-non-gov money market funds are incl but use 0.003
r3 Non-invested assets
RBC = 0.05*net admitted value
-investment income and accrued uses 0.01 bc mostly comes from bonds so gets factor of unaffiliated class 2 bonds
Reinsurance recoverables 10% has been criticized
bc it does not differentiate by reinsurer strength or whether recoverables have been collateralized but charge remains due to need to be conservative when reins is involved (uncollectible balances have historically been responsible for several ins failures and reins has been used to overstate surplus/hide results)