RBC 1 Flashcards
3 components of Criminal Justice System
1: LAW ENFORCEMENT
2: JUDICIAL
3: CORRECTIONS
LD 2-1
7 Primary goals of the criminal justice system are:
1: guarantee due process of the law
2: prevent crime
3: protect life and property
4: uphold and enforce the law
5: dispense equal justice
6: apprehend offenders
7: assure victims’ rights
LD: 2-1
The 3 branches of government are:
1: executive branch
2: legislative branch
3: judicial branch
LD 2-1
Agencies with law enforcement responsibilities in CA are:
1: federal
2: State
3: local
LD 2-2
What are the 3 primary and commonly recognized positions of the judicial system?
1: judges
2: prosecuting attorneys
3: defense attorneys
What are the different levels of courts in the California court system?
State Supreme Court
Lower trial courts
Higher courts (appellate courts)
U. S. Dept of Homeland Security Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) U. S. Marshal Service Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Alcohol,Tobacco, and Firearms Division (ATF) Secret Service (SS) U. S. Postal Inspectors (USPS) Armed Forces Police
Federal Agencies
Youth and Correctional Agency California Highway Patrol (CHP) Dept. of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Dept. of Fish and Game (F&G) Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection (DOF) Dept. of Justice (DOJ) Dept. of Insurance (DOI) Dept. of Motor Vehicles (DMV) Dept. of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Franchise Tax Board (FTB) Office of State Fire Marshal (SFM) University/College Police Departments Dept. of Health Services (CDHS)
State Agencies
Airport Police County Marshals Housing Police Municipal Police School District Police Sheriff’s Departments Transportation Police Port Authority Police
Local Agencies
Freedom from self-incrimination
Fifth Amendment
Freedom from excessive bail
Eighth Amendment
Freedom of the press
First Amendment
Right to equal protection of the law
Fourteenth Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
Fourth Amendment
Right to a public trial by an impartial jury
Sixth Amendment
Freedom of speech
First Amendment
Right to due process
Fifth Amendment
Right to be told of charges when arrrsted
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Right to counsel
Sixth Amendment
Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
Eighth Amendment
(_____) are rquests to a higher court to review or revise decisions made by the lower court.
Appeals
(______) are referred to as the higher courts of the judicial system; hear appeals from lower trial courts.
Appellate courts
(______) is taking a person into custody in a case, and in the manner authorized by the law.
Arrest
(_____) is the legal procedure where the court informs defendants of the nature of the charges against them and of their constitutional rights to have counsel, to plead guilty or not guilty, and to have a jury trial.
Arraignment
(______) is a security deposited with a competent court or magistrate to ensure that the accused person will appear for trial when summoned.
Bail
The first ten amendments to the U. S. Constitution are know as the:
Bill of Rights
Any court, civil or criminal, having authority to handle a particular case is called a (______)
Competent court
A (______) is a written document that embodies the basic laws of a nation or state.
Constitution
(_____) is a course of legal proceedings according to the rules and principles which have been established by the government; basic rights of a defendant in judicial proceedings and the requisites for a fair trial.
Due process
A body of a set number of citizens from within the county who are sworn to receive complaints and accusation in criminal cases; responsible for determining if there is sufficient cause to believe a person has committed a crime and should be made to stand trial.
Grand jury
(____) An accusation in writing formally charging a person with a crime or public offense.
Indictment
An officer of the court having power to issue a warrant for the arrest of a person charged with a public offense.
Magistrate
A conditional release from confinement which allows an individual to serve the remainder of a sentence outside of prison.
Parole
A screening procedure used in felony cases to determine if there is enough evidence to hold a defendant for trial.
Preliminary hearing
A sentencing option for an individual convicted of a criminal offense.
Probation
A defendant’s constitutional right to reasonable bail to permit the unhampered preparation of a defense before trial.
Right to bail
A judgement that is formally pronounced by the court upon a defendant after conviction in a criminal trial.
Sentencing
A (_____) is a formal examination and determination of issues (law or fact) between parties.
Trial
(_____) are referred to as the lower courts; receive evidence and consider cases involving criminal activity or civil disputes.
Trial courts
Means the law is strictly applied in accordance with the literal meaning of the statute, leaving no room for interpretation.
Letter of the law
Means the law is applied in accordance with the intent of the legislature, the promotion of fairness and justice, and not solely in literal compliance with the words of the statute.
Spirit of the law
(____) deals with violations of the criminal statutes
Criminal law
(_____) deals with noncriminal violations of the law or private wrongs committed by one person against another.
Civil law
A civil wrong is called a (____)
Tort
A violation of a criminal statute is called a (____)
Crime
The purpose of civil law is (____)
Redress, to right a wrong
The purpose of criminal law is to
Impose punishment, deter criminal behavior, rehabilitation
What are the 3 origins of law found in today’s legal system?
Constitutional law
Statutory law
Case law
The rules and provisions found in the federal and state constitutions form the basis of modern (_____)
Constitutional law
The written laws enacted by a legislative body are called (_____)
Statutory law
(_____) is based upon previous appellate court decisions that are binding on lower court decisions. This principle is known as precedent.
Case law
