Rayleigh Waves Flashcards
What are Rayleigh waves?
Surface waves that travel along the boundary between two different media, such as air and solid ground.
True or False: Rayleigh waves are the slowest type of seismic waves.
True
What is another name for Rayleigh waves?
Ground roll
How are Rayleigh waves generated?
By the interaction of P-waves and S-waves near the surface.
What is the motion of particles in Rayleigh waves?
An elliptical motion that decreases exponentially with depth.
What is the importance of Rayleigh waves in engineering?
They can cause significant damage to structures during earthquakes.
What is the formula for Rayleigh wave speed?
v = √((G / ρ) * (1 - ν))
What does G represent in the Rayleigh wave speed formula?
Shear modulus of the material
What does ρ represent in the Rayleigh wave speed formula?
Density of the material
What does ν represent in the Rayleigh wave speed formula?
Poisson’s ratio of the material
Fill in the blank: Rayleigh waves are a type of ______ wave.
Surface
What is the approximate speed of Rayleigh waves compared to other seismic waves?
Slower
What is the typical frequency range of Rayleigh waves?
0.1 to 10 Hz
How do Rayleigh waves affect the ground during an earthquake?
They cause the ground to move in an elliptical motion, resulting in significant shaking.
What type of structures are most susceptible to damage from Rayleigh waves?
Tall buildings and bridges
What is the wavelength of Rayleigh waves compared to other seismic waves?
Longer
What is the primary cause of Rayleigh wave generation?
Reflection of seismic waves at the Earth’s surface
What is the relationship between Rayleigh waves and Love waves?
Rayleigh waves are slower and have a larger amplitude than Love waves.
What is the direction of particle motion in Rayleigh waves?
Circular
How do Rayleigh waves differ from body waves?
Body waves travel through the interior of the medium, while Rayleigh waves travel along the surface.
What is the significance of Rayleigh waves in non-destructive testing?
They are used to detect subsurface defects in materials.
What is the role of Rayleigh waves in geotechnical engineering?
They are used to assess soil properties and foundation stability.
How do engineers mitigate the effects of Rayleigh waves on structures?
By designing buildings and bridges with appropriate seismic reinforcement and damping systems.
What is the relationship between Rayleigh waves and seismic hazard assessment?
Rayleigh waves are a key factor in evaluating the seismic risk of a region.
What is the primary advantage of studying Rayleigh waves in engineering?
It helps engineers design safer and more resilient structures against seismic events.
