Rates and Ratios Flashcards
___ measures how fast the population increases through the process of natality
Crude Birth Rate
CBR=(live births in a year/size of midyear population) x 1000
____ number of births to the segment of the population who is actually at risk of giving births
General Ferility Rate
GFR=(no of reported
[Scales used to measure data]
____ categorical variables
nominal
[Scales used to measure data]
ranking
ordinal
[Scales used to measure data]
celsius
interval
zero is arbitrary
[Scales used to measure data]
age
ratio
zero is fixed/absolute
___ refers to trueness of test measurements
accuracy
___ refers to consistency and reproducibility of a test
precision
____ error that entails reduced precision in a test
random error
____ error entails reduced accuracy in a test
systematic error
[Types of screening]
aims to screen the whole population
mass screening
[Types of screening]
uses several screening test at the same time
multiple or multiphasic
[Types of screening]
groups with specific exposure; lead battery
targeted screening
[Screening biases]
people presenting for screening tend to be healthier leading to false sense of better outcomes
self-selection bias
[Screening biases]
phenomenon where early diagnoses of a disease falsely makes it look like people are surviving longer
lead time bias
[Screening biases]
screening is more likely to pick up slower-growing, less aggressive cancers
length bias
most basic type of sampling design
simple random sampling
[Nature of variable used for this graph]
pie chart
qualitative variable
[Nature of variable used]
histogram
continuous variable
[Nature of variable used]
Line graph
quantitative variable; time series
[Nature of variable used]
frequency polygon
quantitative continuous
[Nature of variable used]
scatterplot
quantitatitve
[Nature of variable used]
pareto chart
column chart and line graph
A skewed to the left graph means that the mean is ____
smaller than the median
Kung saan ang tail, skewed siya doon
A skewed to the left graph means that the mean is ____
mean is larger than the median
Kung saan ang tail, skewed siya doon
[Type of error]
error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is really true
Type I = false positive
Remember, Type I = alpha
[Type of error]
error of not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually false
Type II = false negative
Remember, type II = beta
[Types of population pyramid]
pyramid shape
expansive
developing nations
[Types of population pyramid]
graph tapering in at the bottom
constrictive
countries with higher levels of social and economic development
[Types of population pyramid]
rectangular shape, displaying somewhat equal percentages across age cohorts
stationary
developed nations
____ is more useful that incidence rate in describing the occurrence of chronic conditions
point prevalence
