Basic Concepts

Question 1

______ reasoned judgement based on data

Answer 1

inference

Question 2

Bias or _____ is a process at any stage of inference tending to produce results that departs systematically from the true value

Answer 2

systematic error

Question 3

____ bias occurs when the comparisons are made between group of patient that differ in ways other than the main factors under study

Answer 3

Selection bias

Question 4

_____ bias occurs when the methods of measurements are dissimilar in different groups of patient

Answer 4

measurement bias

Question 5

_____ bias when two factors are associated and the effect of one is confused with or distorted by the effect of the other

Answer 5

confounding bias

Question 6

____ divergence of an observation on a sample from the true population value due to chance alone

Answer 6

random variation

Question 7

___ validity is the degree to which the results of the study are correct for the sample of patients being studie

Answer 7

Internal validity

Question 8

_____ validity is the degree to which the results of an observation hold true in other settings; “generalizability”

Answer 8

external validity