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N4 chemistry > Rate of reaction > Flashcards

Rate of reaction Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the rate of a chemical reaction describe?

A

How quickly the products are formed

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2
Q

How do you tell if a chemical reaction has happened?

A

Effervescence, energy changes colour change, precipitation

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3
Q

When might colour change occur?

A

2 substances react or thermal decomposition

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4
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

When a compound is broken down by heating up

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5
Q

What do some chemical reactions result in?

A

A product that’s in a different state of the reactants

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6
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A process during which a new substance is formed

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7
Q

What must you do for something to be classified as a chemical reaction?

A

You must make something new.
Simply changing state, eg. when water freezes into ice, it doesn’t make a new substance (it’s still water and is only a physical change)

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8
Q

Why is it useful to know the rate of a reaction?

A

To plan chemical & manufacturing processes better

To design medicines so that they will be taken up by the body at a safe rate

To know when your meal/cake is ready

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9
Q

When do chemical reactions occur?

A

At different rates

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10
Q

What are explosions results of?

A

Extremely fast reactions

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11
Q

What is rusting a result of?

A

A very slow reaction

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12
Q

What factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Temperature
Particle size
Concentration
Catalysts

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13
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which speeds up (catalyses) a reaction without getting used up

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14
Q

What are reactions that give off gases easy to do?

A

Follow

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15
Q

How can we measure a gases volume or mass?

A

As the reaction takes place, the gas leaves the reaction vessel, and we can measure its volume or mass

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16
Q

What can we use to measure the volume or mass of gas?

A

An inverted measuring cylinder filled with water (can’t be used if the gas is water soluble)

A gas syringe

A balance (to measure mass loss)

17
Q

When is the end point of a reaction reached?

A

Reached when the reaction is complete

18
Q

How can the end point happen?

A

When one of the reactants is completely used up

19
Q

What happens to the graph once the end point of a reaction is reached?

A

The graph is completely flat

This is because no more products are being made

20
Q

How can we measure data collected over the course of a reaction?

A

Graphs

21
Q

What does the shape of a graph tell us?

A

How quickly a reaction happens and when the end point is reached

22
Q

What does the slope of the graph correspond with?

A

Reaction rate

23
Q

What do steeper slopes mean?

A

The steeper the slope, the higher the rate

It’s faster

24
Q

What does the height of the graph correspond with?

A

The quantity of products made

25
Q

What do taller graphs mean?

A

More product is made

26
Q

What happens if the experiment is repeated in different conditions?

A

The graph may look different even if the reaction itself is the same

27
Q

What do factors that affect ROR or quantity of product change?

A

The shape of the graph

Eg. Lowering temp or using a catalyst affects reaction rate, so slope will change accordingly

28
Q

What happens if we decrease particle size and/or add a catalyst?

A

Make the slope of the graph steeper due to increased reaction rate

29
Q

What happens if we increase particle size?

A

Will cause the slope of the graph to be less steep due to slower rate

30
Q

What will adding a catalyst or changing particle size not do?

A

Change the quantity of product

31
Q

Why does temperature change in chemical reactions?

A

Heat energy is taken in from the surroundings or given out to the surrounding

32
Q

What do exothermic reactions give out?

A

Energy to the surrounding
(Energy exists the reaction)

33
Q

What do endothermic reactions do?

A

Take in energy from the surroundings

34
Q

What happens to exothermic reactions?

A

Energy is given out so temp increases

35
Q

What happens to endothermic reactions?

A

Energy taken in, temperature decreases

36
Q

Give examples of exothermic reactions

A

Combustion
Explosion
Most neutralisation reactions

37
Q

Give an example of endothermic reaction

A

Photosynthesis

38
Q

What do making bonds do?

A

Releases energy

39
Q

What does breaking bonds do?

A

They take in energy
Energy transfers between the reaction and the surroundings do this

N4 chemistry (3 decks)

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