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N4 chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is PH?

A

A number that measures how acidic/alkali something is

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2
Q

What’s an indicator?

A

A substance that changes colour in different PH

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3
Q

What do universal indicator and pH paper do depending on the pH of solution?

A

Change colour

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4
Q

What can this colour be compared against?

A

The pH scale

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5
Q

What pH does acid have?

A

Below 7

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6
Q

What pH does alkali have?

A

Above 7

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7
Q

What do acids primarily contain?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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8
Q

What do alkalis primarily contain?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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9
Q

What do most solutions contain?

A

Both H+ and OH- ions

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10
Q

What do neural solutions contain?

A

The same amount of H+ and OH- ions

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11
Q

Chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCL

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12
Q

Chemical formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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13
Q

Chemical formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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14
Q

Chemical formula of phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4

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15
Q

What does dilution mean?

A

Adding water to a solution

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16
Q

What happens to the concentration if a solution is diluted?

A

Concentration decreases (more water but same amount of stuff dissolved in it)

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17
Q

What happens when diluting a solution?

A

pH approaches 7, but it will never go past 7

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18
Q

What happens to the concentration of H+ and OH- ions during dilution

A

The concentration of all ions decrease during dilution

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19
Q

What happens when water is added to acidic solution?

A

The hydrogen ion concentration will decrease

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20
Q

What happens when water is added to alkali solution?

A

The hydroxide ion concentration will decrease

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21
Q

What are oxides?

A

Compounds containing oxygen and one other element

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22
Q

How can oxides be formed?

A

Combustion reactions

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23
Q

What happens to the pH of water when soluble oxides are added?

A

Change its pH

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24
Q

Why does pH of water change when soluble oxides are added?

A

Soluble oxides react with water to form acids or alkalis

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25
Q

What happens to the pH of water when insoluble oxides are added?

A

pH stays the same

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26
Q

Compared to pure water acid rain contains a higher amount of what?

A

A higher concentration of hydrogen ions

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27
Q

What is the pH of nom-metal oxide solutions?

A

Acidic <7

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28
Q

What are acidic gases?

A

Non-metal oxides that form acidic solutions in water

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29
Q

Give samples of acidic gases

A

CO2, SO2, NO, NO2

30
Q

What does burning fossil fuels produce?

A

A lot of these acidic gases

31
Q

Why are these gases not acids yet?

A

They must dissolve in water first

32
Q

What does burning any fossil fuels produce?

A

CO2

33
Q

What do most fossil fuels contain?

A

Small amounts of sulfur

34
Q

What happens when sulfur is burned?

A

They produce SO2

35
Q

Where are NO and NO2 produced?

A

Furnaces and car engines

36
Q

What is acid rain?

A

High concentrations of acidic gases dissolving in rainwater that can drop its pH to <4

37
Q

Why is rainwater slightly acidic?

A

Naturally occurring CO2 dissolving in rainwater

38
Q

What is the average pH of rainwater?

A

pH 5-6

39
Q

What is acid rain harmful to?

A

Plants and aquatic life

40
Q

What does acidic rain corrode?

A

Metal and it affects rock surfaces

41
Q

What do many types of rock contain?

A

Calcium carbonate

42
Q

What does calcium carbonate react with?

A

Acid rain

43
Q

Give an example of a rock that contains calcium carbonate

A

Limestone

44
Q

What does calcium carbonate and acid rain produce?

A

Soluble salts, water and CO2

45
Q

What happens to the soluble salts?

A

It gets washed away, which slowly weakens and wears away rock surfaces

46
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A reacting between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water

47
Q

What is a base?

A

Any substance that neutralises an acid

48
Q

What is a soluble base called?

A

An alkali

49
Q

What are not all bases?

A

Alkalis

50
Q

Give an example of a base and an alkali

A

Sodium hydroxide

51
Q

Give an example of a base that isn’t an alkali

A

Calcium carbonate

52
Q

How are salts made during neutralisation?

A

Hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions

53
Q

What does the name of the salt made depend on?

A

The acid and base used

54
Q

What can all bases do?

A

Neutralise an acid

55
Q

What will different acids do?

A

Produce different salts

56
Q

What salt will hydrochloric acid make?

A

Chloride

57
Q

What salt will sulfuric acid make?

A

Sulfate

58
Q

What salt will nitric acid make?

A

Nitrate

59
Q

What salt will phosphoric acid make?

A

Phosphate

60
Q

What does acid and metal hydroxides produce?

A

Salt + water

61
Q

What does acids and metal oxides produce?

A

Salt + water

62
Q

What do acids and metal carbonates produce?

A

Salt + carbon dioxide + water

63
Q

What is filtration?

A

A method used to separate a mixture that contains a solid and a liquid

64
Q

What is evaporation?

A

A method used to separate a mixture that contains a solid dissolved in a liquid

65
Q

What will different indicates do?

A

Produce different colours in acidic or alkaline environments

66
Q

What don’t indicators provide?

A

Exact pH values

67
Q

How can you get very accurate pH reading?

A

A pH meter

68
Q

What is titration?

A

An accurate neutralisation technique

69
Q

What can titration be used for?

A

Finding out an unknown concentration of an acid or alkali

70
Q

What is an indicator used to find?

A

The end-point of the reaction

71
Q

What is the end-point?

A

The exact point of neutralisation.

72
Q
A

N4 chemistry (3 decks)

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