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N4 chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is PH?

A

A number that measures how acidic/alkali something is

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2
Q

What’s an indicator?

A

A substance that changes colour in different PH

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3
Q

What do universal indicator and pH paper do depending on the pH of solution?

A

Change colour

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4
Q

What can this colour be compared against?

A

The pH scale

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5
Q

What pH does acid have?

A

Below 7

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6
Q

What pH does alkali have?

A

Above 7

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7
Q

What do acids primarily contain?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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8
Q

What do alkalis primarily contain?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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9
Q

What do most solutions contain?

A

Both H+ and OH- ions

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10
Q

What do neural solutions contain?

A

The same amount of H+ and OH- ions

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11
Q

Chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCL

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12
Q

Chemical formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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13
Q

Chemical formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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14
Q

Chemical formula of phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4

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15
Q

What does dilution mean?

A

Adding water to a solution

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16
Q

What happens to the concentration if a solution is diluted?

A

Concentration decreases (more water but same amount of stuff dissolved in it)

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17
Q

What happens when diluting a solution?

A

pH approaches 7, but it will never go past 7

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18
Q

What happens to the concentration of H+ and OH- ions during dilution

A

The concentration of all ions decrease during dilution

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19
Q

What happens when water is added to acidic solution?

A

The hydrogen ion concentration will decrease

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20
Q

What happens when water is added to alkali solution?

A

The hydroxide ion concentration will decrease

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21
Q

What are oxides?

A

Compounds containing oxygen and one other element

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22
Q

How can oxides be formed?

A

Combustion reactions

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23
Q

What happens to the pH of water when soluble oxides are added?

A

Change its pH

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24
Q

Why does pH of water change when soluble oxides are added?

A

Soluble oxides react with water to form acids or alkalis

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25
What happens to the pH of water when insoluble oxides are added?
pH stays the same
26
Compared to pure water acid rain contains a higher amount of what?
A higher concentration of hydrogen ions
27
What is the pH of nom-metal oxide solutions?
Acidic <7
28
What are acidic gases?
Non-metal oxides that form acidic solutions in water
29
Give samples of acidic gases
CO2, SO2, NO, NO2
30
What does burning fossil fuels produce?
A lot of these acidic gases
31
Why are these gases not acids yet?
They must dissolve in water first
32
What does burning any fossil fuels produce?
CO2
33
What do most fossil fuels contain?
Small amounts of sulfur
34
What happens when sulfur is burned?
They produce SO2
35
Where are NO and NO2 produced?
Furnaces and car engines
36
What is acid rain?
High concentrations of acidic gases dissolving in rainwater that can drop its pH to <4
37
Why is rainwater slightly acidic?
Naturally occurring CO2 dissolving in rainwater
38
What is the average pH of rainwater?
pH 5-6
39
What is acid rain harmful to?
Plants and aquatic life
40
What does acidic rain corrode?
Metal and it affects rock surfaces
41
What do many types of rock contain?
Calcium carbonate
42
What does calcium carbonate react with?
Acid rain
43
Give an example of a rock that contains calcium carbonate
Limestone
44
What does calcium carbonate and acid rain produce?
Soluble salts, water and CO2
45
What happens to the soluble salts?
It gets washed away, which slowly weakens and wears away rock surfaces
46
What is neutralisation?
A reacting between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water
47
What is a base?
Any substance that neutralises an acid
48
What is a soluble base called?
An alkali
49
What are not all bases?
Alkalis
50
Give an example of a base and an alkali
Sodium hydroxide
51
Give an example of a base that isn’t an alkali
Calcium carbonate
52
How are salts made during neutralisation?
Hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions
53
What does the name of the salt made depend on?
The acid and base used
54
What can all bases do?
Neutralise an acid
55
What will different acids do?
Produce different salts
56
What salt will hydrochloric acid make?
Chloride
57
What salt will sulfuric acid make?
Sulfate
58
What salt will nitric acid make?
Nitrate
59
What salt will phosphoric acid make?
Phosphate
60
What does acid and metal hydroxides produce?
Salt + water
61
What does acids and metal oxides produce?
Salt + water
62
What do acids and metal carbonates produce?
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
63
What is filtration?
A method used to separate a mixture that contains a solid and a liquid
64
What is evaporation?
A method used to separate a mixture that contains a solid dissolved in a liquid
65
What will different indicates do?
Produce different colours in acidic or alkaline environments
66
What don’t indicators provide?
Exact pH values
67
How can you get very accurate pH reading?
A pH meter
68
What is titration?
An accurate neutralisation technique
69
What can titration be used for?
Finding out an unknown concentration of an acid or alkali
70
What is an indicator used to find?
The end-point of the reaction
71
What is the end-point?
The exact point of neutralisation.
72

N4 chemistry (3 decks)

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