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Lab Animals > Rat + Mice Diseases > Flashcards

Rat + Mice Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bacteria responsible for causing mycoplasmosis

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

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2
Q

What are the hosts of mycoplasmosis

A

Rats, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits

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3
Q

What are the environmental predisposing factors to getting mycoplasmosis

A

Inadequate husbandry and ammonia build up

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4
Q

How is mycoplasmosis transmitted

A

Aerosol or vertical transmission

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of mycoplasmosis

A

Seem healthy in beginning. Can be sub clinical. Sneezing, secretions, porphyrin staining. Or head tilt.

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6
Q

How do you diagnosis mycoplasmosis

A

Serology

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7
Q

What is the bacteria responsible for causing pseudotuberculosis

A

Corynebacterium kutscheri

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8
Q

What are hosts for pseudotuberculosis

A

Rats and mice

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9
Q

What are the predisposing factors for pseudotuberculosis

A

Other diseases and stress

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10
Q

How is pseudotuberculosis transmitted

A

Aerosol

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of pseudotuberculosis

A

Sub clinical, abscesses, respiratory signs

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12
Q

How do you diagnose pseudotuberculosis

A

Necropsy, culture, pcr

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13
Q

What is the host of pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Rodents

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14
Q

How is pseudomonas aeruginosa transmitted

A

Through contaminated sources. Humans are carriers and it is everywhere. Bacteria lives in gi tract and can contaminate water

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

A

If healthy: a symptomatic. If immunosuppressed: generalized infection (septicaemia) and acute death

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16
Q

How do you prevent pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Autoclave, acidify water, clorinate the water

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17
Q

What bacteria causes tyzzers disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

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18
Q

What are the hosts for tyzzers disease

A

Rodents and other species

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19
Q

What are the clinical signs of tyzzers disease

A

Non specific digestive signs. Diarrhea, dehydration, lethargy. Can also be sub clinical

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20
Q

How do you diagnose tyzzers disease

A

Serology, pcr

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21
Q

What bacteria causes salmonellosis

A

Salmonella enteritidis and thyphimurium

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22
Q

What are the hosts of salmonellosis

A

Vertebrates

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23
Q

What are the clinical signs of salmonellosis

A

You will shit everywhere with blood

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24
Q

What is special about salmonellosis

A

It is a zoonosis

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25
Q

What is the bacteria responsible for staphylococcus infection

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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26
Q

What are the hosts for staphylococcus

A

Rodents and humans

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27
Q

How is staphylococcus transmitted

A

Direct contact

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28
Q

what are the clinical signs of staphylococcus

A

Dermatitis (alopecia, errythemia, pustules)

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29
Q

What is mycoplasmosis

A

Murine respiratory m.

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30
Q

What bacteria causes rat bite fever

A

streptobacillus moniliformis

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31
Q

What are the hosts of streptobacillus moniliformis

A

Rodents and humans

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32
Q

What are the clinical signs of streptobacillus moniliformis

A

A symptomatic in rats. However if rats contaminate mice then the mice get septicemia.

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33
Q

What are the symptoms of streptobacillus moniliformis

A

Fever, mono like symptoms. Can also cause arthritis

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34
Q

How is transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia spread

A

Contaminated food, water, bedding.

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35
Q

What is the host for transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia

A

Mice

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36
Q

How is transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia spread

A

Fecal oral route

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37
Q

What are the clinical signs of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia

A

Stained anus, dehydration, lethargy, anorexia. Non specific digestive signs. On necropsy: colon will thicken.

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38
Q

How do you diagnose transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia

A

Pcr

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39
Q

What are the clinical signs of helicobacter

A

Jaundice

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40
Q

What are the clinical findings on necropsy if you have helicobacter

A

White spots on liver

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41
Q

How do you diagnose helicobacter

A

Pcr

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42
Q

Which virus causes the rcv sda virus

A

Corona virus

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43
Q

How do you transmit rcv-sda

A

Aerosol, fomites

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44
Q

What are the clinical signs of rcv-sda virus

A

Coughing, porphyrin staining, enlarged neck.

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45
Q

How do you diagnose rcv-sda virus

A

Serology

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46
Q

What is the host of the Sendai virus

A

Mice

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47
Q

How is the Sendai virus transmitted

A

Through Aerosol. Highly contagious

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48
Q

What are the clinical signs of the Sendai virus

A

Can be subclinical or respiratory signs. Ruffled or hunched

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49
Q

How do you diagnose the Sendai virus

A

Pcr

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50
Q

What is the hantaan virus

A

A zoonotic virus.

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51
Q

What are the hosts of the hantavirus

A

Wild rodents

52
Q

How is the hantaan virus transmitted

A

Virus is shed in saliva , urine and feces

53
Q

What are the clinical signs of the hantaan virus in rodents

A

Sub clinical

54
Q

What are the clinical signs of the hantaan virus in humans

A

Kidney failure, hemmorage, 50 % mortality

55
Q

What virus is responsible for the mouse hepatitis virus

A

Corona virus

56
Q

What is the host of the mouse hepatitis virus

A

Mice

57
Q

How is the mouse hepatitis virus transmitted

A

Aerosol and feces

58
Q

What are the clinical signs of the mouse hepatitis virus

A

Sub clinical or if you’re young= diarrhea

59
Q

How do you diagnose. The mouse hepatitis virus

A

Elisa and Pcr

60
Q

What are the hosts of the lymphocytic chorioneningitis virus

A

Wild mouse, or contaminated mice

61
Q

What are the clinical signs of lymphocytic chorioneningitis virus

A

Subclinical or nervous system signs

62
Q

How is the lymphocytic chorioneningitis virus spread

A

Body fluids

63
Q

What are the clinical signs of lymphocytic chorioneningitis in humans

A

Flu like disease. Fatal encephalomeningitis

64
Q

What fungus transmits dermatophytosis

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

65
Q

How is dermatophytosis transmitted

A

Direct contact

66
Q

What are the clinical signs of dermatophytosis in rodents

A

Alopecia and dermatitis, redness

67
Q

What are the clinical signs of dermatophytosis in humans

A

Circular, red, alopecia

68
Q

What are the two types of pinworms

A

Syphacia obvelata and syphacia muris

69
Q

Describe pinworms

A

Adults in cecum and colon. Eggs are deposited in Perianal region. Eggs are infectious within a few hours. Ingest eggs

70
Q

What’s the difference between syphacia obvelata and aspicularis tetraptera

A

Eggs are deposited in colon. Eggs are shed in feces. Eggs are ingested

71
Q

What are the clinical signs of aspicularis tetraptera

A

Sub clinical but can affect behaviour

72
Q

How do you diagnose aspicularis tetraptera

A

Tape, fecal

73
Q

How do you treat pinworms

A

Ivermectin, fenbendazole, good sanitation

74
Q

What is hymenolepis nana’s cycle

A

direct or indirect

75
Q

What is hymenolepis diminuta’s cycle

A

Indirect cycle

76
Q

What are the clinical signs of tapeworms

A

Sub clinical. Diarrhea if big infestation

77
Q

What are the clinical signs of giardia muris

A

If animal is immunosuppressed then they could have diarrhea, dehydration. Otherwise sub clinical

78
Q

What is the name of the mites of rats

A

Radfordiaensifera

79
Q

What are the signs of mites in a rat

A

Sub clinical, itchy, alopecia, ulcerative dermatitis, oily skin

80
Q

How do you diagnose rat mites

A

Tape, Pcr, skin scraping

81
Q

How do you treat mites in a rat

A

Ivermectin

82
Q

What is malocclusion

A

Broken teeth or bad alignment

83
Q

What is the etiology of ring tail

A

Low humidity, high temp, malnutrition, genetic

84
Q

What are the clinical signs of ring tail

A

Mild: hyperemia. Moderate: permannular constriction. Severe: tail slough

85
Q

What happens with neoplastic disease in rats

A

Incidence increases with age. Mammary tumours, testicular tumor: especially in F344 rat. Pituitary tumours. Leukaemia

86
Q

What is urolithiasis in rats

A

Variety of symptoms. Composition: ammonium magnesium phosphate, carbonate, oxalate. Occasionally confused with copulatory plug.

87
Q

What are the 4 non infectious diseases of rats

A

Malocclusion
Ring tail
Neoplastic disease
Urolithiasis

88
Q

What are the 5 non infectious disease of mice

A 
Barbering 
Alopecia of muzzle 
Bite wounds 
Amyloidosis
Neoplasms
89
Q

Where do mice get bite wounds

A

From dominant male cage mates

90
Q

What is amyloidosis

A

Occurs spontaneously in old mice. Insoluble protein called amyloid. Vital organ function decrease, not treatable.

91
Q

What are the common neoplasms in mice

A

Mammary rumours. Lymphoma. Pulmonary tumors

92
Q

What is the scientific name of the rabbit

A

Oryctolagus cuniculus

93
Q

What is the family of the rabbit

A

Leporidae

94
Q

Where do rabbits originate

A

Europe and North western

95
Q

What is the most famous rabbit scientific research

A

The first rabies vaccine was given by Louis Pasteur

96
Q

What are the two types of rabbit used in laboratories

A

New Zealand white

Dutch

97
Q

describe the behaviour of the rabbit

A

Generally timid, non aggressive, curious but easily startled. Some aggressive or defensive behaviour. High pitched scream. Toilet trainable. Can be housed together

98
Q

What is common of rabbit teeth

A

Malocclusion issues, also need trimming of peg teeth and front teeth

99
Q

Describe the stomach of a rat

A

Glandular like, cannot vomit

100
Q

Describe the cecum of a rabbit

A

Extremely important. Has a cecal appendix

101
Q

What is the sacculus rotundus

A

Important lymphoid tissue

102
Q

Where is the sacculus rotundus located in the rabbit

A

Between ileum and secum

103
Q

Describe the colon of the rat

A

Sacculation: groves to increase surface area

104
Q

What is the composition of the “day” dry feces in rabbits

A

Indigestible fibers

105
Q

What is the composition of the night feces

A

Moist. B vitamins, water, nitrogen.

106
Q

What does the color of urine of a rabbit depend on

A

Varies due to what’s eaten

107
Q

Why is rabbit urine turbid

A

Due to high amount of crystals

108
Q

Describe the musculoskeletal system of a rabbit

A

High amount of muscle mass but very light bones. 7% of BW is skeleton.

109
Q

Describe the mammary glands of the rabbit

A

8-10. Distribution is from neck to inguinal region. Males have no nipples

110
Q

Describe the eyes of a rabbit

A

Third eyelid is developed. They have harderian glands there.

111
Q

Where are the scent glands of a rabbit located

A

In inguinal pouch. On either side of vagina or penis

112
Q

What are the scent glands of rabbits used for

A

To mark territory

113
Q

What is a dewlap

A

A layer of fat on the chin. Mostly females, can cause moist dermatitis.

114
Q

Describe the ears of a rabbit

A

Thermoregulation (vascular). Auditory and sensitive.

115
Q

Describe the hematopoietic system

A

Neutrophil (heterophil) = 20-35%.

Eosinophil: 0-4%

116
Q

Describe the female reproductive system of a rabbit

A

Bicornuate and double cervix.

117
Q

Describe the reproductive system of a male rabbit

A

Open inguinal canal. Scrotum is cranial to the penis. Testis descend at 12 weeks.

118
Q

What is the estrus cycle length of a rabbit

A

Induced ovulator

119
Q

How long is ovulation

A

9-13hours post copulation

120
Q

What is the duration of gestation in a rabbit

A

29-35 days

121
Q

When are baby rabbits weaned

A

4-6 weeks

122
Q

When do rabbits nurse

A

1x a day (3-4 mins)

123
Q

What is a milk replacement for rabbits

A

Kitten formula

124
Q

What is the lifespan of the rabbit

A

5-7 years

125
Q

What type of cages can rabbits be house in

A

Suspended or plastic cages

126
Q

What is necessary for rabbits from a husbandry standpoint

A

Need to give food enrichment: greens, hay

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