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a&p1 > Rat 19 > Flashcards

Rat 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (Afferent) Division
Motor (Efferent) Division

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2
Q

What are two subdivisions of the sensory (afferent) division)?

A

Somatic Sensory Division
Visceral Sensory Division

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3
Q

Somatic Sensory Division

A

Carries general senses
- body touch, temperature, pain
- special sensory neurons: vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell)

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4
Q

Visceral Sensory Division

A
  • sensory stimuli from organs of abdominopelvic & thoracic cavities
  • detects internal changes such as blood pressure & stretch of visceral organs (urinary bladder)
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5
Q

Which are two subdivisions of the motor division>

A

somatic motor division
visceral motor division

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6
Q

somatic motor division

A

voluntary motor functions (lower motor neurons)
- skeletal muscle fibers
- trigger contractions stimulated by upper motor neurons

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7
Q

visceral motor division

A
  • maintains homeostasis
  • controls involuntary motor functions
  • cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, secretory glands
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8
Q

another name for the visceral motor division

A

autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest

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10
Q

main organs of PNS

A

peripheral nerves

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11
Q

what does a peripheral nerve consist of

A

axons of many neurons bound together by common connective tissue

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12
Q

Mixed nerve:

A

contains both sensory and motor neurons

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13
Q

Most nerves are ____

A

mixed

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14
Q

motor nerve

A

contains motor neurons & small amount of sensory nerves

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15
Q

sensory nerve

A

contains sensory neurons only

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16
Q

What two structures connect spinal nerves to the spinal cord?

A

anterior and posterior roots

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17
Q

What does the anterior root consist of?

A

axons of lower motor neurons, exiting the anterior horn

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18
Q

What does the posterior root consist of?

A

Axons of the sensory neurons entering the posterior horn

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19
Q

Most sensory neurons are what type of neuron

A

pseudounipolar

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20
Q

for the sensory axons in the posterior root, where are the somas located?

A

posterior root ganglion

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21
Q

term for a collection of somas in the pns

A

Ganglion

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22
Q

anterior root classification

A

Motor

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23
Q

posterior root classification

A

sensory

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24
Q

spinal nerve classification

A

mixed

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25
Q

how many spinal nerves are there

A

31

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26
Q

what are cranial nerves?

A

nerves containing axons whose origin or destination is the brain

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27
Q

What are the connective tissue sheaths in a nerve?

A
  1. epineurium
  2. perneurium
    3.endoneurium
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28
Q

What does the epineurium surround?

A

Peripheral Nerve

29
Q

What does the Perineurium surround?

A

a fascicle of a peripheral nerve

30
Q

What does the endoneurium surround?

A

an axon within a peripheral nerve

31
Q

what structures detect sensory stimuli?

A

sensory receptors

32
Q

What structures deliver sensory stimuli to their destination?

A

spinal or cranial nerves

33
Q

What is the destination for sensory stimuli?

A

sensory neurons of CNS

34
Q

If there is a motor response, what sends out the signal?

A

motor neurons

35
Q

What is the name for neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effector?

A

Interneurons

36
Q

In which root of the spinal nerve will the axons travel?

A

posterior

37
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves does a person have?

A

12

38
Q

How many cranial nerves in total does a person have?

A

24

39
Q

What are the three sensory cranial nerves?

A

Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

40
Q

What structures in what bone does the CN I nerve pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

41
Q

Where do the axons end (CN I)?

A

olfactory bulb

42
Q

What structure carries the olfactory signals to the cerebrum?

A

Olfactory tract

43
Q

What cerebral lobe initially processes the smell?

A

temporal lobe

44
Q

What information is carried by this nerve (CN VIII)?

A

visual stimuli

45
Q

The superior oblique muscle travels through the _____ and is innervated by the ______ nerve

A

trochlea, trochlear

46
Q

the ______ nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which _______ the eyes?

A

abducens, abducts

47
Q

The ____ nerve innervates the other muscles of the eye

A

oculomotor

48
Q

What does the accessory nerve innervate?

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

49
Q

What is the name for CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

50
Q

meaning of hypoglossal

A

below tongue

51
Q

function of hypoglossal nerve

A

motor nerve, innervates muscles of tongue no role in taste sensation

52
Q

branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

53
Q

motor function of trigeminal nerve

A

detects facial sensation, stimuli from oral & nasal cavities

54
Q

opthalmic part of trigeminal nerve

A

skin over scalp, forehead, around eyes, anterior of nose, supply nose mucosa and structure of eyes

55
Q

maxillary part of trigeminal nerve

A

skin over middle of face

56
Q

mandibular part of trigeminal nerve

A

skin of chin, lateral part of face - masseter and temporalis nerves elevate the mandible during mastication and swallowing

57
Q

What’s the primary sensation detected by the facial nerve?

A

Tast, Somatic (ear, palate, nasal cavity(

58
Q

What is the name for CN X?

A

Vagus Nerve

59
Q

Eyelids function

A

prevent foreign objects from entering the eye and distribute tears across the surface of eye during blinking

60
Q

Eyebrows function

A

prevent perspiration from running into the eyes, reduce glare in bright light, form facial expressions

61
Q

eyelashes functions

A

reduces risk of eye injury, slightest touch triggers blink

62
Q

conjunctiva

A

think epithelial membrane that lines posterior surfaces of the eyelids, then turns and covers anterior surface of white part of eye

63
Q

superior & inferior rectus muscles

A

move eyeball superiorly and inferiorly

64
Q

medial & lateral rectus muscles

A

move eyeball laterally and medially

65
Q

superior & oblique muscle

A

depresses eye and draws it laterally

66
Q

inferior oblique muscle

A

elevates eye and moves it laterally

67
Q

3 layers of eyeball

A

fibrous, vascular, neural

68
Q
A

a&p1 (2 decks)

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