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Rat 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (Afferent) Division
Motor (Efferent) Division

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2
Q

What are two subdivisions of the sensory (afferent) division)?

A

Somatic Sensory Division
Visceral Sensory Division

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3
Q

Somatic Sensory Division

A

Carries general senses
- body touch, temperature, pain
- special sensory neurons: vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell)

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4
Q

Visceral Sensory Division

A
  • sensory stimuli from organs of abdominopelvic & thoracic cavities
  • detects internal changes such as blood pressure & stretch of visceral organs (urinary bladder)
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5
Q

Which are two subdivisions of the motor division>

A

somatic motor division
visceral motor division

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6
Q

somatic motor division

A

voluntary motor functions (lower motor neurons)
- skeletal muscle fibers
- trigger contractions stimulated by upper motor neurons

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7
Q

visceral motor division

A
  • maintains homeostasis
  • controls involuntary motor functions
  • cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, secretory glands
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8
Q

another name for the visceral motor division

A

autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest

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10
Q

main organs of PNS

A

peripheral nerves

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11
Q

what does a peripheral nerve consist of

A

axons of many neurons bound together by common connective tissue

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12
Q

Mixed nerve:

A

contains both sensory and motor neurons

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13
Q

Most nerves are ____

A

mixed

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14
Q

motor nerve

A

contains motor neurons & small amount of sensory nerves

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15
Q

sensory nerve

A

contains sensory neurons only

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16
Q

What two structures connect spinal nerves to the spinal cord?

A

anterior and posterior roots

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17
Q

What does the anterior root consist of?

A

axons of lower motor neurons, exiting the anterior horn

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18
Q

What does the posterior root consist of?

A

Axons of the sensory neurons entering the posterior horn

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19
Q

Most sensory neurons are what type of neuron

A

pseudounipolar

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20
Q

for the sensory axons in the posterior root, where are the somas located?

A

posterior root ganglion

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21
Q

term for a collection of somas in the pns

A

Ganglion

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22
Q

anterior root classification

A

Motor

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23
Q

posterior root classification

A

sensory

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24
Q

spinal nerve classification

A

mixed

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25
how many spinal nerves are there
31
26
what are cranial nerves?
nerves containing axons whose origin or destination is the brain
27
What are the connective tissue sheaths in a nerve?
1. epineurium 2. perneurium 3.endoneurium
28
What does the epineurium surround?
Peripheral Nerve
29
What does the Perineurium surround?
a fascicle of a peripheral nerve
30
What does the endoneurium surround?
an axon within a peripheral nerve
31
what structures detect sensory stimuli?
sensory receptors
32
What structures deliver sensory stimuli to their destination?
spinal or cranial nerves
33
What is the destination for sensory stimuli?
sensory neurons of CNS
34
If there is a motor response, what sends out the signal?
motor neurons
35
What is the name for neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effector?
Interneurons
36
In which root of the spinal nerve will the axons travel?
posterior
37
How many pairs of cranial nerves does a person have?
12
38
How many cranial nerves in total does a person have?
24
39
What are the three sensory cranial nerves?
Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
40
What structures in what bone does the CN I nerve pass through?
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
41
Where do the axons end (CN I)?
olfactory bulb
42
What structure carries the olfactory signals to the cerebrum?
Olfactory tract
43
What cerebral lobe initially processes the smell?
temporal lobe
44
What information is carried by this nerve (CN VIII)?
visual stimuli
45
The superior oblique muscle travels through the _____ and is innervated by the ______ nerve
trochlea, trochlear
46
the ______ nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which _______ the eyes?
abducens, abducts
47
The ____ nerve innervates the other muscles of the eye
oculomotor
48
What does the accessory nerve innervate?
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
49
What is the name for CN XII?
Hypoglossal Nerve
50
meaning of hypoglossal
below tongue
51
function of hypoglossal nerve
motor nerve, innervates muscles of tongue no role in taste sensation
52
branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
ophthalmic maxillary mandibular
53
motor function of trigeminal nerve
detects facial sensation, stimuli from oral & nasal cavities
54
opthalmic part of trigeminal nerve
skin over scalp, forehead, around eyes, anterior of nose, supply nose mucosa and structure of eyes
55
maxillary part of trigeminal nerve
skin over middle of face
56
mandibular part of trigeminal nerve
skin of chin, lateral part of face - masseter and temporalis nerves elevate the mandible during mastication and swallowing
57
What's the primary sensation detected by the facial nerve?
Tast, Somatic (ear, palate, nasal cavity(
58
What is the name for CN X?
Vagus Nerve
59
Eyelids function
prevent foreign objects from entering the eye and distribute tears across the surface of eye during blinking
60
Eyebrows function
prevent perspiration from running into the eyes, reduce glare in bright light, form facial expressions
61
eyelashes functions
reduces risk of eye injury, slightest touch triggers blink
62
conjunctiva
think epithelial membrane that lines posterior surfaces of the eyelids, then turns and covers anterior surface of white part of eye
63
superior & inferior rectus muscles
move eyeball superiorly and inferiorly
64
medial & lateral rectus muscles
move eyeball laterally and medially
65
superior & oblique muscle
depresses eye and draws it laterally
66
inferior oblique muscle
elevates eye and moves it laterally
67
3 layers of eyeball
fibrous, vascular, neural
68

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