Rapid Review: Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (Solar) Keratosis
Precursor To Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Acute Gastric Ulcer Associated With CNS Injury
Cushing Ulcer (↑ ICP Stimulates Vagal Gastric H+ Secretion)
Acute Gastric Ulcer Associated With Severe Burns
Curling Ulcer (Greatly Reduced Plasma Volume Results In Sloughing Of Gastric Mucosa)
Alternating Areas Of Transmural Inflammation & Normal Colon
Skip Lesions (Crohn Disease)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Atherosclerosis
Aortic Aneurysm, Ascending Or Arch
Tertiary Syphilis (Syphilitic Aortitis), Vasa Vasorum Destruction
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
Marfan Syndrome (Idiopathic Cystic Medial Degeneration)
Aortic Dissection
Hypertension
Atrophy Of The Mammillary Bodies
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (Thiamine Deficiency Causing Ataxia, Ophthalmoplegia & Confusion)
Autosplenectomy (Fibrosis & Shrinkage)
Sickle Cell Anemia (Hemoglobin S)
Bacteria Associated With Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer Disease & Stomach Cancer
H. pylori
Bacterial Meningitis (Adults & Elderly)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bacterial Meningitis (Newborns & Kids)
Group B Streptococcus (Newborns), S. pneumoniae / Neisseria meningitidis (Kids)
Benign Melanocytic Nevus
Spitz Nevus (Most Common In First Two Decades)
Bleeding Disorder With Gplb Deficiency
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (Defect In Platelet Adhesion To von Willebrand’s Factor)
Brain Tumor (Adults)
Supratentorial: Metastasis > Astrocytoma (Including Glioblastoma Multiforme) > Meningioma > Schwannoma
Brain Tumor (Kids)
Infratentorial: Medulloblastoma (Cerebellum) Or Supratentorial: Craniopharyngioma (Cerebrum)
Breast Cancer
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (In The U.S., 1 In 9 Women Will Develop Breast Cancer)
Breast Mass
Fibrocystic Change, Carcinoma (In Postmenopausal Women)
Breast Tumor (Benign)
Fibroadenoma
Cardiac 1° Tumor (Kids)
Rhabdomyoma, Often Seen In Tuberous Sclerosis
Cardiac Manifestation Of Lupus
Marantic / Thrombotic Endocarditis (Nonbacterial)
Cardiac Tumor (Adults)
Metastasis, 1° Myxoma (90% In Left Atrium; “ Ball & Valve”)
Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation
Chiari II Malformation (Often Presents With Progressive Hydrocephalus Or Syringomyelia)
Chronic Arrhythmia
Atrial Fibrillation (Associated With High Risk Of Emboli)
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis (Autoimmune)
Predisposition To Gastric Carcinoma (Can Also Cause Pernicious Anemia)
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Of The Vagina
DES Exposure In Utero
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Hypotension
21 -Hydroxylase Deficiency
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly
VSD
Congenital Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia (Black Liver)
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (Inability Of Hepatocytes To Secrete Conjugated Bilirubin Into Bile)
Constrictive Pericarditis
Tuberculosis (Developing World); Idiopathic, Viral Illness (Developed World)
Coronary Artery Involved In Thrombosis
LAD > RCA > Circumflex
Cretinism
Iodine Deficit / Hypothyroidism
Cushing Syndrome
Iatrogenic (From Corticosteroid Therapy), Adrenocortical Adenoma (Secretes Excess Cortisol), ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing Disease), Paraneoplastic (Due To ACTH Secretion By Tumors)
Cyanosis (Early; Less Common)
Tetralogy Of Fallot, Transposition Of Great Vessels, Truncus Arteriosus
Cyanosis (Late; More Common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
Death In CML
Blast Crisis
Death In SLE
Lupus Nephropathy
Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease, Multiple Infarcts (Vascular Dementia)
Demyelinating Disease In Young Women
Multiple Sclerosis
DIC
Severe Sepsis, Obstetric Complications, Cancer, Burns, Trauma, Major Surgery
Dietary Deficit
Iron
Diverticulum In Pharynx
Zenker’s Diverticulum (Diagnosed By Barium Swallow)
Ejection Click
Aortic Stenosis
Esophageal Cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Worldwide); Adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
Food Poisoning (Exotoxin Mediated)
S. aureus, B . cereus
Glomerulonephritis (Adults)
Berger Disease (IgA Nephropathy)
Gynecologic Malignancy
Endometrial Carcinoma (Most Common In U.S.); Cervical Carcinoma (Most Common Worldwide)
Heart Murmur, Congenital
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Heart Valve In Bacterial Endocarditis
Mitral > Aortic (Rheumatic Fever), Tricuspid (IV Drug Abuse)
Helminth Infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
Hematoma - Epidural
Rupture Of Middle Meningeal Artery (Trauma; Lentiform Shaped)
Hematoma-Subdural
Rupture Of Bridging Veins (Crescent Shaped)
Hemochromatosis
Multiple Blood Transfusions Or Hereditary HFE Mutation (Can Result In CHF, “Bronze Diabetes,” & ↑ Risk Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cirrhotic Liver (Associated With Hepatitis B & C And With Alcoholism)
Hereditary Bleeding Disorder
von Willebrand ‘s Disease
Hereditary Harmless Jaundice
Gilbert’s Syndrome (Benign Congenital Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)
HLA-B27
Ankylosing Spondylitis, Reactive Arthritis, Ulcerative Colitis, Psoriatic Arthritis
HLA-DR3
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, SLE, Graves Disease, Hashimoto Thyroiditis
HLA-DR4
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Holosystolic Murmur
VSD, Tricuspid Regurgitation, Mitral Regurgitation
Hypercoagulability, Endothelial Damage, Blood Stasis
Virchow’s Triad (↑ Risk Of Thrombosis)
Hypertension, 2°
Renal Disease
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental Excision During Thyroidectomy
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary Adenoma (Usually Benign Tumor)
Infection 2° To Blood Transfusion
Hepatitis C
Infections In Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (Catalase Positive)
Kidney Stones
Calcium = Radiopaque,
Struvite (Ammonium) = Radiopaque (Formed By Urease-Positive Organisms Such As Klebsiella, Proteus Species & S. saprohyticus), Uric Acid = Radiolucent
Late Cyanotic Shunt (Uncorrected Left To Right Becomes Right To Left)
Eisenmenger’s Syndrome (Caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; Results In Pulmonary Hypertension /Polycythemia)
Liver Disease
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Lysosomal Storage Disease
Gaucher Disease
Male Cancer
Prostatic Carcinoma
Malignancy Associated With Noninfectious Fever
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Malignancy (Kids)
ALL, Medulloblastoma (Cerebellum)
Mental Retardation
Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome
Metastases To Bone
Prostate, Breast > Lung > Thyroid
Metastases To Brain
Lung > Breast > Genitourinary > Melanoma > GI
Metastases To Liver
Colon»_space; Stomach, Pancreas
Mitochondrial Inheritance
Disease Occurs In Both Males & Females, Inherited Through Females Only
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Mixed (UMN & LMN) Motor Neuron Disease
ALS
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
Nephrotic Syndrome (Adults)
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Nephrotic Syndrome (Kids)
Minimal Change Disease
Neuron Migration Failure
Kallmann Syndrome (Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism & Anosmia)
Nosocomial Pneumonia
S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli & Other Enteric Gram-Negative Rods
Obstruction Of Male Urinary Tract
BPH
Opening Snap
Mitral Stenosis
Opportunistic Infection In AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii (Formerly carinii) Pneumonia
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus (Most Common Overall)
Osteomyelitis In Sickle Cell Disease
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis With IV Drug Use
Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus
Bilateral Ovarian Metastasis From Gastric Carcinoma Or Breast Cancer
Krukenberg Tumor (Mucin-Secreting Signet-Ring Cells)
Ovarian Tumor (Benign, Bilateral)
Serous Cystadenoma
Ovarian Tumor (Malignant)
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
Pancreatitis (Acute)
Gallstones, Alcohol
Pancreatitis (Chronic)
Alcohol (Adults), Cystic Fibrosis (Kids)
Patient With ALL / CLL / AML / CML
ALL: Child, CLL: Adult > 60, AML: Adult ~ 65, CML: Adult 45-85
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Philadelphia Chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (May Sometimes Be Associated With ALL / AML)
Pituitary Tumor
Prolactinoma, Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma
Primary Amenorrhea
Turner Syndrome (45,XO)
Primary Bone Tumor (Adults)
Multiple Myeloma
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma Of Adrenal Cortex
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma
Primary Liver Cancer
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hemochromatosis, α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Wilson Disease)
Pulmonary Hypertension
COPD
Recurrent Inflammation / Thrombosis Of Small / Medium Vessels In Extermities
Buerger Disease (Strongly Associated With Tobacco)
Renal Tumor
Renal Cell Carcinoma : Associated With von Hippel-Lindau & Cigarette Smoking; Paraneoplastic Syndromes (EPO, Renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
Right Heart Failure Due To A Pulmonary Cause
Cor Pulmonale
S3 (Protocliastolic Gallop) Heart Sound
↑ Ventricular Filling Pressure (e.g., Mitral Regurgitation, HF), Common In Dilated Ventricles
S4 (Presystolic Gallop) Heart Sound
Stiff / Hypertrophic Ventricle (Aortic Stenosis, Restrictive Cardiomyopathy)
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia Of Chronic Kidney Disease
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Chlamydia (Usually Coinfected With N. gonorrhoeae)
SIADH
Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Lung
Site Of Diverticula
Sigmoid Colon
Sites Of Atherosclerosis
Abdominal Aorta > Coronary Artery > Popliteal Artery > Carotid Artery
Stomach Cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Stomach Ulcerations & High Gastrin Levels
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma Of Duodenum Or Pancreas)
t (14;18)
Follicular Lymphomas (BCL-2 Activation, Anti-Apoptotic Oncogene)
t (8;14)
Burkitt’s Lymphoma (c-myc Fusion, Transcription Factor Oncogene)
t (9;22)
Philadelphia Chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL Activation, Tyrosine Kinase Oncogene)
Temporal Arteritis
Risk Of Ipsilateral Blindness Due To Thrombosis Of Ophthalmic Artery; Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Testicular Tumor
Seminoma (Malignant, Radiosensitive)
Thyroid Cancer
Papillary Carcinoma
Tumor In Women
Leiomyoma (Estrogen Dependent, Not Precancerous)
Tumor Of Infancy
Strawberry Hemangioma (Usually Regresses Spontaneously By Childhood)
Tumor Of The Adrenal Medulla (Adults)
Pheochromocytoma (Usually Benign)
Tumor Of The Adrenal Medulla (Kids)
Neuroblastoma (Malignant)
Type Of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nodular Sclerosis (Vs. Mixed Cellularity, Lymphocytic Predominance, Lymphocytic Depletion)
Type Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Young Women)
Vertebral Compression Fracture
Osteoporosis (Type I: Postmenopausal Woman; Type II: Elderly Man Or Woman)
Viral Encephalitis Affecting Temporal Lobe
HSV- 1
Vitamin Deficiency (U.S.)
Folate (Pregnant Women Are At High Risk; Body Stores Only 3-to-4 Month Supply; Prevents Neural Tube Defects)