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USMLE STEP 1 > Rapid Review: Key Associations > Flashcards

Rapid Review: Key Associations Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Actinic (Solar) Keratosis

A

Precursor To Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute Gastric Ulcer Associated With CNS Injury

A

Cushing Ulcer (↑ ICP Stimulates Vagal Gastric H+ Secretion)

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3
Q

Acute Gastric Ulcer Associated With Severe Burns

A

Curling Ulcer (Greatly Reduced Plasma Volume Results In Sloughing Of Gastric Mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating Areas Of Transmural Inflammation & Normal Colon

A

Skip Lesions (Crohn Disease)

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5
Q

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

Aortic Aneurysm, Ascending Or Arch

A

Tertiary Syphilis (Syphilitic Aortitis), Vasa Vasorum Destruction

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7
Q

Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic

A

Marfan Syndrome (Idiopathic Cystic Medial Degeneration)

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8
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

Hypertension

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9
Q

Atrophy Of The Mammillary Bodies

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (Thiamine Deficiency Causing Ataxia, Ophthalmoplegia & Confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (Fibrosis & Shrinkage)

A

Sickle Cell Anemia (Hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria Associated With Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer Disease & Stomach Cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (Adults & Elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (Newborns & Kids)

A

Group B Streptococcus (Newborns), S. pneumoniae / Neisseria meningitidis (Kids)

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14
Q

Benign Melanocytic Nevus

A

Spitz Nevus (Most Common In First Two Decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding Disorder With Gplb Deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (Defect In Platelet Adhesion To von Willebrand’s Factor)

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16
Q

Brain Tumor (Adults)

A

Supratentorial: Metastasis > Astrocytoma (Including Glioblastoma Multiforme) > Meningioma > Schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain Tumor (Kids)

A

Infratentorial: Medulloblastoma (Cerebellum) Or Supratentorial: Craniopharyngioma (Cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (In The U.S., 1 In 9 Women Will Develop Breast Cancer)

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19
Q

Breast Mass

A

Fibrocystic Change, Carcinoma (In Postmenopausal Women)

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20
Q

Breast Tumor (Benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac 1° Tumor (Kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, Often Seen In Tuberous Sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac Manifestation Of Lupus

A

Marantic / Thrombotic Endocarditis (Nonbacterial)

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23
Q

Cardiac Tumor (Adults)

A

Metastasis, 1° Myxoma (90% In Left Atrium; “ Ball & Valve”)

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24
Q

Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation

A

Chiari II Malformation (Often Presents With Progressive Hydrocephalus Or Syringomyelia)

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25
Q

Chronic Arrhythmia

A

Atrial Fibrillation (Associated With High Risk Of Emboli)

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26
Q

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis (Autoimmune)

A

Predisposition To Gastric Carcinoma (Can Also Cause Pernicious Anemia)

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27
Q

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Of The Vagina

A

DES Exposure In Utero

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28
Q

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Hypotension

A

21 -Hydroxylase Deficiency

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29
Q

Congenital Cardiac Anomaly

A

VSD

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30
Q

Congenital Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia (Black Liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (Inability Of Hepatocytes To Secrete Conjugated Bilirubin Into Bile)

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31
Q

Constrictive Pericarditis

A

Tuberculosis (Developing World); Idiopathic, Viral Illness (Developed World)

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32
Q

Coronary Artery Involved In Thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > Circumflex

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33
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine Deficit / Hypothyroidism

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34
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

Iatrogenic (From Corticosteroid Therapy), Adrenocortical Adenoma (Secretes Excess Cortisol), ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing Disease), Paraneoplastic (Due To ACTH Secretion By Tumors)

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35
Q

Cyanosis (Early; Less Common)

A

Tetralogy Of Fallot, Transposition Of Great Vessels, Truncus Arteriosus

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36
Q

Cyanosis (Late; More Common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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37
Q

Death In CML

A

Blast Crisis

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38
Q

Death In SLE

A

Lupus Nephropathy

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39
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s Disease, Multiple Infarcts (Vascular Dementia)

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40
Q

Demyelinating Disease In Young Women

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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41
Q

DIC

A

Severe Sepsis, Obstetric Complications, Cancer, Burns, Trauma, Major Surgery

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42
Q

Dietary Deficit

A

Iron

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43
Q

Diverticulum In Pharynx

A

Zenker’s Diverticulum (Diagnosed By Barium Swallow)

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44
Q

Ejection Click

A

Aortic Stenosis

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45
Q

Esophageal Cancer

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Worldwide); Adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

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46
Q

Food Poisoning (Exotoxin Mediated)

A

S. aureus, B . cereus

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47
Q

Glomerulonephritis (Adults)

A

Berger Disease (IgA Nephropathy)

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48
Q

Gynecologic Malignancy

A

Endometrial Carcinoma (Most Common In U.S.); Cervical Carcinoma (Most Common Worldwide)

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49
Q

Heart Murmur, Congenital

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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50
Q

Heart Valve In Bacterial Endocarditis

A

Mitral > Aortic (Rheumatic Fever), Tricuspid (IV Drug Abuse)

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51
Q

Helminth Infection (U.S.)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

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52
Q

Hematoma - Epidural

A

Rupture Of Middle Meningeal Artery (Trauma; Lentiform Shaped)

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53
Q

Hematoma-Subdural

A

Rupture Of Bridging Veins (Crescent Shaped)

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54
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple Blood Transfusions Or Hereditary HFE Mutation (Can Result In CHF, “Bronze Diabetes,” & ↑ Risk Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

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55
Q

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic Liver (Associated With Hepatitis B & C And With Alcoholism)

56
Q

Hereditary Bleeding Disorder

A

von Willebrand ‘s Disease

57
Q

Hereditary Harmless Jaundice

A

Gilbert’s Syndrome (Benign Congenital Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)

58
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis, Reactive Arthritis, Ulcerative Colitis, Psoriatic Arthritis

59
Q

HLA-DR3

A

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, SLE, Graves Disease, Hashimoto Thyroiditis

60
Q

HLA-DR4

A

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Rheumatoid Arthritis

61
Q

Holosystolic Murmur

A

VSD, Tricuspid Regurgitation, Mitral Regurgitation

62
Q

Hypercoagulability, Endothelial Damage, Blood Stasis

A

Virchow’s Triad (↑ Risk Of Thrombosis)

63
Q

Hypertension, 2°

A

Renal Disease

64
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental Excision During Thyroidectomy

65
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary Adenoma (Usually Benign Tumor)

66
Q

Infection 2° To Blood Transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

67
Q

Infections In Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (Catalase Positive)

68
Q

Kidney Stones

A

Calcium = Radiopaque,
Struvite (Ammonium) = Radiopaque (Formed By Urease-Positive Organisms Such As Klebsiella, Proteus Species & S. saprohyticus), Uric Acid = Radiolucent

69
Q

Late Cyanotic Shunt (Uncorrected Left To Right Becomes Right To Left)

A

Eisenmenger’s Syndrome (Caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; Results In Pulmonary Hypertension /Polycythemia)

70
Q

Liver Disease

A

Alcoholic Cirrhosis

71
Q

Lysosomal Storage Disease

A

Gaucher Disease

72
Q

Male Cancer

A

Prostatic Carcinoma

73
Q

Malignancy Associated With Noninfectious Fever

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

74
Q

Malignancy (Kids)

A

ALL, Medulloblastoma (Cerebellum)

75
Q

Mental Retardation

A

Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome

76
Q

Metastases To Bone

A

Prostate, Breast > Lung > Thyroid

77
Q

Metastases To Brain

A

Lung > Breast > Genitourinary > Melanoma > GI

78
Q

Metastases To Liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; Stomach, Pancreas

79
Q

Mitochondrial Inheritance

A

Disease Occurs In Both Males & Females, Inherited Through Females Only

80
Q

Mitral Valve Stenosis

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

81
Q

Mixed (UMN & LMN) Motor Neuron Disease

A

ALS

82
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

83
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome (Adults)

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

84
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome (Kids)

A

Minimal Change Disease

85
Q

Neuron Migration Failure

A

Kallmann Syndrome (Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism & Anosmia)

86
Q

Nosocomial Pneumonia

A

S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli & Other Enteric Gram-Negative Rods

87
Q

Obstruction Of Male Urinary Tract

A

BPH

88
Q

Opening Snap

A

Mitral Stenosis

89
Q

Opportunistic Infection In AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (Formerly carinii) Pneumonia

90
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus (Most Common Overall)

91
Q

Osteomyelitis In Sickle Cell Disease

A

Salmonella

92
Q

Osteomyelitis With IV Drug Use

A

Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus

93
Q

Bilateral Ovarian Metastasis From Gastric Carcinoma Or Breast Cancer

A

Krukenberg Tumor (Mucin-Secreting Signet-Ring Cells)

94
Q

Ovarian Tumor (Benign, Bilateral)

A

Serous Cystadenoma

95
Q

Ovarian Tumor (Malignant)

A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

96
Q

Pancreatitis (Acute)

A

Gallstones, Alcohol

97
Q

Pancreatitis (Chronic)

A

Alcohol (Adults), Cystic Fibrosis (Kids)

98
Q

Patient With ALL / CLL / AML / CML

A

ALL: Child, CLL: Adult > 60, AML: Adult ~ 65, CML: Adult 45-85

99
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

100
Q

Philadelphia Chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

A

CML (May Sometimes Be Associated With ALL / AML)

101
Q

Pituitary Tumor

A

Prolactinoma, Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma

102
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A

Turner Syndrome (45,XO)

103
Q

Primary Bone Tumor (Adults)

A

Multiple Myeloma

104
Q

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma Of Adrenal Cortex

105
Q

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma

106
Q

Primary Liver Cancer

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hemochromatosis, α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Wilson Disease)

107
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension

A

COPD

108
Q

Recurrent Inflammation / Thrombosis Of Small / Medium Vessels In Extermities

A

Buerger Disease (Strongly Associated With Tobacco)

109
Q

Renal Tumor

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma : Associated With von Hippel-Lindau & Cigarette Smoking; Paraneoplastic Syndromes (EPO, Renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

110
Q

Right Heart Failure Due To A Pulmonary Cause

A

Cor Pulmonale

111
Q

S3 (Protocliastolic Gallop) Heart Sound

A

↑ Ventricular Filling Pressure (e.g., Mitral Regurgitation, HF), Common In Dilated Ventricles

112
Q

S4 (Presystolic Gallop) Heart Sound

A

Stiff / Hypertrophic Ventricle (Aortic Stenosis, Restrictive Cardiomyopathy)

113
Q

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia Of Chronic Kidney Disease

114
Q

Sexually Transmitted Disease

A

Chlamydia (Usually Coinfected With N. gonorrhoeae)

115
Q

SIADH

A

Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Lung

116
Q

Site Of Diverticula

A

Sigmoid Colon

117
Q

Sites Of Atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal Aorta > Coronary Artery > Popliteal Artery > Carotid Artery

118
Q

Stomach Cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

119
Q

Stomach Ulcerations & High Gastrin Levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma Of Duodenum Or Pancreas)

120
Q

t (14;18)

A

Follicular Lymphomas (BCL-2 Activation, Anti-Apoptotic Oncogene)

121
Q

t (8;14)

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (c-myc Fusion, Transcription Factor Oncogene)

122
Q

t (9;22)

A

Philadelphia Chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL Activation, Tyrosine Kinase Oncogene)

123
Q

Temporal Arteritis

A

Risk Of Ipsilateral Blindness Due To Thrombosis Of Ophthalmic Artery; Polymyalgia Rheumatica

124
Q

Testicular Tumor

A

Seminoma (Malignant, Radiosensitive)

125
Q

Thyroid Cancer

A

Papillary Carcinoma

126
Q

Tumor In Women

A

Leiomyoma (Estrogen Dependent, Not Precancerous)

127
Q

Tumor Of Infancy

A

Strawberry Hemangioma (Usually Regresses Spontaneously By Childhood)

128
Q

Tumor Of The Adrenal Medulla (Adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (Usually Benign)

129
Q

Tumor Of The Adrenal Medulla (Kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (Malignant)

130
Q

Type Of Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Nodular Sclerosis (Vs. Mixed Cellularity, Lymphocytic Predominance, Lymphocytic Depletion)

131
Q

Type Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

132
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Young Women)

133
Q

Vertebral Compression Fracture

A

Osteoporosis (Type I: Postmenopausal Woman; Type II: Elderly Man Or Woman)

134
Q

Viral Encephalitis Affecting Temporal Lobe

A

HSV- 1

135
Q

Vitamin Deficiency (U.S.)

A

Folate (Pregnant Women Are At High Risk; Body Stores Only 3-to-4 Month Supply; Prevents Neural Tube Defects)

USMLE STEP 1 (5 decks)

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