Rapid Review: Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (Solar) Keratosis
A
Precursor To Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2
Q
Acute Gastric Ulcer Associated With CNS Injury
A
Cushing Ulcer (↑ ICP Stimulates Vagal Gastric H+ Secretion)
3
Q
Acute Gastric Ulcer Associated With Severe Burns
A
Curling Ulcer (Greatly Reduced Plasma Volume Results In Sloughing Of Gastric Mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating Areas Of Transmural Inflammation & Normal Colon
A
Skip Lesions (Crohn Disease)
5
Q
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
A
Atherosclerosis
6
Q
Aortic Aneurysm, Ascending Or Arch
A
Tertiary Syphilis (Syphilitic Aortitis), Vasa Vasorum Destruction
7
Q
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
A
Marfan Syndrome (Idiopathic Cystic Medial Degeneration)
8
Q
Aortic Dissection
A
Hypertension
9
Q
Atrophy Of The Mammillary Bodies
A
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (Thiamine Deficiency Causing Ataxia, Ophthalmoplegia & Confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (Fibrosis & Shrinkage)
A
Sickle Cell Anemia (Hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria Associated With Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer Disease & Stomach Cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial Meningitis (Adults & Elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial Meningitis (Newborns & Kids)
A
Group B Streptococcus (Newborns), S. pneumoniae / Neisseria meningitidis (Kids)
14
Q
Benign Melanocytic Nevus
A
Spitz Nevus (Most Common In First Two Decades)
15
Q
Bleeding Disorder With Gplb Deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (Defect In Platelet Adhesion To von Willebrand’s Factor)
16
Q
Brain Tumor (Adults)
A
Supratentorial: Metastasis > Astrocytoma (Including Glioblastoma Multiforme) > Meningioma > Schwannoma
17
Q
Brain Tumor (Kids)
A
Infratentorial: Medulloblastoma (Cerebellum) Or Supratentorial: Craniopharyngioma (Cerebrum)
18
Q
Breast Cancer
A
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (In The U.S., 1 In 9 Women Will Develop Breast Cancer)
19
Q
Breast Mass
A
Fibrocystic Change, Carcinoma (In Postmenopausal Women)
20
Q
Breast Tumor (Benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac 1° Tumor (Kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, Often Seen In Tuberous Sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac Manifestation Of Lupus
A
Marantic / Thrombotic Endocarditis (Nonbacterial)
23
Q
Cardiac Tumor (Adults)
A
Metastasis, 1° Myxoma (90% In Left Atrium; “ Ball & Valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation
A
Chiari II Malformation (Often Presents With Progressive Hydrocephalus Or Syringomyelia)
25
Chronic Arrhythmia
Atrial Fibrillation (Associated With High Risk Of Emboli)
26
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis (Autoimmune)
Predisposition To Gastric Carcinoma (Can Also Cause Pernicious Anemia)
27
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Of The Vagina
DES Exposure In Utero
28
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Hypotension
21 -Hydroxylase Deficiency
29
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly
VSD
30
Congenital Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia (Black Liver)
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (Inability Of Hepatocytes To Secrete Conjugated Bilirubin Into Bile)
31
Constrictive Pericarditis
Tuberculosis (Developing World); Idiopathic, Viral Illness (Developed World)
32
Coronary Artery Involved In Thrombosis
LAD > RCA > Circumflex
33
Cretinism
Iodine Deficit / Hypothyroidism
34
Cushing Syndrome
Iatrogenic (From Corticosteroid Therapy), Adrenocortical Adenoma (Secretes Excess Cortisol), ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing Disease), Paraneoplastic (Due To ACTH Secretion By Tumors)
35
Cyanosis (Early; Less Common)
Tetralogy Of Fallot, Transposition Of Great Vessels, Truncus Arteriosus
36
Cyanosis (Late; More Common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
37
Death In CML
Blast Crisis
38
Death In SLE
Lupus Nephropathy
39
Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease, Multiple Infarcts (Vascular Dementia)
40
Demyelinating Disease In Young Women
Multiple Sclerosis
41
DIC
Severe Sepsis, Obstetric Complications, Cancer, Burns, Trauma, Major Surgery
42
Dietary Deficit
Iron
43
Diverticulum In Pharynx
Zenker's Diverticulum (Diagnosed By Barium Swallow)
44
Ejection Click
Aortic Stenosis
45
Esophageal Cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Worldwide); Adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
46
Food Poisoning (Exotoxin Mediated)
S. aureus, B . cereus
47
Glomerulonephritis (Adults)
Berger Disease (IgA Nephropathy)
48
Gynecologic Malignancy
Endometrial Carcinoma (Most Common In U.S.); Cervical Carcinoma (Most Common Worldwide)
49
Heart Murmur, Congenital
Mitral Valve Prolapse
50
Heart Valve In Bacterial Endocarditis
Mitral > Aortic (Rheumatic Fever), Tricuspid (IV Drug Abuse)
51
Helminth Infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
52
Hematoma - Epidural
Rupture Of Middle Meningeal Artery (Trauma; Lentiform Shaped)
53
Hematoma-Subdural
Rupture Of Bridging Veins (Crescent Shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis
Multiple Blood Transfusions Or Hereditary HFE Mutation (Can Result In CHF, "Bronze Diabetes," & ↑ Risk Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
55
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cirrhotic Liver (Associated With Hepatitis B & C And With Alcoholism)
56
Hereditary Bleeding Disorder
von Willebrand 's Disease
57
Hereditary Harmless Jaundice
Gilbert's Syndrome (Benign Congenital Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA-B27
Ankylosing Spondylitis, Reactive Arthritis, Ulcerative Colitis, Psoriatic Arthritis
59
HLA-DR3
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, SLE, Graves Disease, Hashimoto Thyroiditis
60
HLA-DR4
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Rheumatoid Arthritis
61
Holosystolic Murmur
VSD, Tricuspid Regurgitation, Mitral Regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulability, Endothelial Damage, Blood Stasis
Virchow's Triad (↑ Risk Of Thrombosis)
63
Hypertension, 2°
Renal Disease
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental Excision During Thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary Adenoma (Usually Benign Tumor)
66
Infection 2° To Blood Transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections In Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (Catalase Positive)
68
Kidney Stones
Calcium = Radiopaque,
Struvite (Ammonium) = Radiopaque (Formed By Urease-Positive Organisms Such As Klebsiella, Proteus Species & S. saprohyticus), Uric Acid = Radiolucent
69
Late Cyanotic Shunt (Uncorrected Left To Right Becomes Right To Left)
Eisenmenger's Syndrome (Caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; Results In Pulmonary Hypertension /Polycythemia)
70
Liver Disease
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal Storage Disease
Gaucher Disease
72
Male Cancer
Prostatic Carcinoma
73
Malignancy Associated With Noninfectious Fever
Hodgkin Lymphoma
74
Malignancy (Kids)
ALL, Medulloblastoma (Cerebellum)
75
Mental Retardation
Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome
76
Metastases To Bone
Prostate, Breast > Lung > Thyroid
77
Metastases To Brain
Lung > Breast > Genitourinary > Melanoma > GI
78
Metastases To Liver
Colon >> Stomach, Pancreas
79
Mitochondrial Inheritance
Disease Occurs In Both Males & Females, Inherited Through Females Only
80
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
81
Mixed (UMN & LMN) Motor Neuron Disease
ALS
82
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic Syndrome (Adults)
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic Syndrome (Kids)
Minimal Change Disease
85
Neuron Migration Failure
Kallmann Syndrome (Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism & Anosmia)
86
Nosocomial Pneumonia
S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli & Other Enteric Gram-Negative Rods
87
Obstruction Of Male Urinary Tract
BPH
88
Opening Snap
Mitral Stenosis
89
Opportunistic Infection In AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii (Formerly carinii) Pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus (Most Common Overall)
91
Osteomyelitis In Sickle Cell Disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis With IV Drug Use
Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus
93
Bilateral Ovarian Metastasis From Gastric Carcinoma Or Breast Cancer
Krukenberg Tumor (Mucin-Secreting Signet-Ring Cells)
94
Ovarian Tumor (Benign, Bilateral)
Serous Cystadenoma
95
Ovarian Tumor (Malignant)
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (Acute)
Gallstones, Alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (Chronic)
Alcohol (Adults), Cystic Fibrosis (Kids)
98
Patient With ALL / CLL / AML / CML
ALL: Child, CLL: Adult > 60, AML: Adult ~ 65, CML: Adult 45-85
99
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia Chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (May Sometimes Be Associated With ALL / AML)
101
Pituitary Tumor
Prolactinoma, Somatotropic "Acidophilic" Adenoma
102
Primary Amenorrhea
Turner Syndrome (45,XO)
103
Primary Bone Tumor (Adults)
Multiple Myeloma
104
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma Of Adrenal Cortex
105
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma
106
Primary Liver Cancer
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hemochromatosis, α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Wilson Disease)
107
Pulmonary Hypertension
COPD
108
Recurrent Inflammation / Thrombosis Of Small / Medium Vessels In Extermities
Buerger Disease (Strongly Associated With Tobacco)
109
Renal Tumor
Renal Cell Carcinoma : Associated With von Hippel-Lindau & Cigarette Smoking; Paraneoplastic Syndromes (EPO, Renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
110
Right Heart Failure Due To A Pulmonary Cause
Cor Pulmonale
111
S3 (Protocliastolic Gallop) Heart Sound
↑ Ventricular Filling Pressure (e.g., Mitral Regurgitation, HF), Common In Dilated Ventricles
112
S4 (Presystolic Gallop) Heart Sound
Stiff / Hypertrophic Ventricle (Aortic Stenosis, Restrictive Cardiomyopathy)
113
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia Of Chronic Kidney Disease
114
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Chlamydia (Usually Coinfected With N. gonorrhoeae)
115
SIADH
Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Lung
116
Site Of Diverticula
Sigmoid Colon
117
Sites Of Atherosclerosis
Abdominal Aorta > Coronary Artery > Popliteal Artery > Carotid Artery
118
Stomach Cancer
Adenocarcinoma
119
Stomach Ulcerations & High Gastrin Levels
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma Of Duodenum Or Pancreas)
120
t (14;18)
Follicular Lymphomas (BCL-2 Activation, Anti-Apoptotic Oncogene)
121
t (8;14)
Burkitt's Lymphoma (c-myc Fusion, Transcription Factor Oncogene)
122
t (9;22)
Philadelphia Chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL Activation, Tyrosine Kinase Oncogene)
123
Temporal Arteritis
Risk Of Ipsilateral Blindness Due To Thrombosis Of Ophthalmic Artery; Polymyalgia Rheumatica
124
Testicular Tumor
Seminoma (Malignant, Radiosensitive)
125
Thyroid Cancer
Papillary Carcinoma
126
Tumor In Women
Leiomyoma (Estrogen Dependent, Not Precancerous)
127
Tumor Of Infancy
Strawberry Hemangioma (Usually Regresses Spontaneously By Childhood)
128
Tumor Of The Adrenal Medulla (Adults)
Pheochromocytoma (Usually Benign)
129
Tumor Of The Adrenal Medulla (Kids)
Neuroblastoma (Malignant)
130
Type Of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nodular Sclerosis (Vs. Mixed Cellularity, Lymphocytic Predominance, Lymphocytic Depletion)
131
Type Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
132
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Young Women)
133
Vertebral Compression Fracture
Osteoporosis (Type I: Postmenopausal Woman; Type II: Elderly Man Or Woman)
134
Viral Encephalitis Affecting Temporal Lobe
HSV- 1
135
Vitamin Deficiency (U.S.)
Folate (Pregnant Women Are At High Risk; Body Stores Only 3-to-4 Month Supply; Prevents Neural Tube Defects)
