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USMLE STEP 1 > Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anticentromere Antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (Epithelial) Antibodies

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (Blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies

A

Goodpasture Syndrome (Glomerulonephritis & Hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone Antibodies

A

Drug-Induced SLE (Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG Antibodies

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (Systemic Inflammation, Joint Pannus, Boutonnière Deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial Antibodies (AMAs)

A

1 ° Biliary Cirrhosis (Female, Cholestasis, Portal Hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (PR3-ANCA / c-ANCA: Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis [Wegener’s]; MPO-ANCA / p-ANCA: Microscopic Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome)

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8
Q

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs: Anti-Smith & Anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (Type III Hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet Antibodies

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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10
Q

Anti-Topoisomerase Antibodies

A

Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-Transglutaminase / Anti-Gliadin / Anti-Endomysial Antibodies

A

Celiac Disease (Diarrhea, Distention, Weight Loss)

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12
Q

“Apple-Core” Lesion On Abdominal X-Ray

A

Colorectal Cancer (Usually Left-Sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic Peroxidase-Positive Granular Inclusions In Granulocytes & Myeloblasts

A

Auer Rods (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Especially The Promyelocytic [M3] Type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin Response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A); Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo Spine” On X-Ray

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis (Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic Nuclear Remnants In RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies (Due To Splenectomy Or Nonfunctional Spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic Stippling Of RBCs

A

Lead Poisoning Or Sideroblastic Anemia

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18
Q

Bloody Or Yellow Tap On Lumbar Puncture

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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19
Q

“Boot Shaped” Heart On X-Ray

A

Tetralogy Of Fallot (Due To RVH)

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20
Q

Branching Gram-Positive Rods With Sulfur Granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic Apical Lung Tumor On Imaging

A

Pancoast Tumor (Can Compress Sympathetic Ganglion & Cause Horner’s Syndrome)

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22
Q

“Brown” Tumor Of Bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism Or Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (Deposited Hemosiderin From Hemorrhage Gives Brown Color)

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly With Apical Atrophy

A

Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule

A

Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

“Chocolate Cyst” Of Ovary

A

Endometriosis (Frequently Involves Both Ovaries)

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26
Q

Circular Grouping Of Dark Tumor Cells Surrounding Pale Neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright Rosettes (Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Retinoblastoma)

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27
Q

Colonies Of Mucoid Pseudomonas In Lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis (Autosomal Recessive Mutation In CFTR Gene → Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiency & Mucous Plugs)

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28
Q

↓ α-Fetoprotein In Amniotic Fluid/Maternal Serum

A

Down Syndrome Or Other Chromosomal Abnormality

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29
Q

Degeneration Of Dorsal Column Nerves

A

Tabes Dorsalis (3° Syphilis), Subacute Combined Degeneration (Dorsal Columns & Lateral Corticospinal Tracts Affected)

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30
Q

Depigmentation Of Neurons In Substantia Nigra

A

Parkinson’s Disease (Basal Ganglia Disorder: Rigidity, Resting Tremor, Bradykinesia)

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31
Q

Desquamated Epithelium Casts In Sputum

A

Curschmann Spirals (Bronchial Asthma; Can Result In Whorled Mucous Plugs)

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32
Q

Disarrayed Granulosa Cells Arranged Around Collections Of Eosinophilic Fluid

A

Call-Exner Bodies (Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumor Of The Ovary)

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33
Q

Dysplastic Squamous Cervical Cells With “Raisinoid” Nuclei & Hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: Predisposes To Cervical Cancer)

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34
Q

Enlarged Cells With Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies

A

“Owl’s Eye” Appearance Of CMV

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35
Q

Enlarged Thyroid Cells With Ground-Glass Nuclei With Central Clearing

A

“Orphan Annie Eyes” Nuclei (Papillary Carcinoma Of The Thyroid)

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36
Q

Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion In Liver Cell

A

Mallory Bodies (Alcoholic Liver Disease)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion In Nerve Cell

A

Lewy Body (Parkinson Disease)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic Globule In Liver

A

Councilman Body (Toxic Or Viral Hepatitis, Often Yellow Fever) Represents Hepatocyte Undergoing Apoptosis

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39
Q

Eosinophilic Inclusion Bodies In Cytoplasm Of Hippocampal & Cerebellar Neurons

A

Negri Bodies Of Rabies (Lyssavirus)

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40
Q

Extracellular Amyloid Deposition In Gray Matter Of Brain

A

Senile Plaques (Alzheimer Disease)

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41
Q

Giant B Cells With Bilobed Nuclei With Prominent Inclusions (“Owl’s Eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg Cells (Hodgkin’s Lymphoma)

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42
Q

Glomerulus-Like Structure Surrounding Vessel In Germ Cells

A

Schiller-Duval Bodies (Yolk Sac Tumor)

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43
Q

“Hair On End” (Crew-Cut) Appearance On X-Ray

A

β-Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia (Marrow Expansion)

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44
Q

hCG Elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, Hydatidiform Mole (Occurs With & Without Embryo & Multiple Pregnancy)

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45
Q

Heart Nodules (Granulomatous)

A

Aschoff Bodies (Rheumatic Fever)

46
Q

Heterophile Antibodies

A

Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

Hexagonal, Double-Pointed, Needle-Like Crystals In Bronchial Secretions

A

Bronchial Asthma (Charcot-Leyden Crystals: Eosinophilic Granules)

48
Q

High Level Of D-dimers

A

DVT, Pulmonary Embolism, DIC

49
Q

Hilar Lymphadenopathy, Peripheral Granulomatous Lesion In Middle Or Lower Lung Lobes (Can Calcify)

A

Ghon Complex (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

50
Q

“Honeycomb Lung” On X-Ray Or CT

A

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

51
Q

Hypercoagulability (Leading To Migrating DVTs & Vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s Syndrome (Adenocarcinoma Of Pancreas Or Lung)

52
Q

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic Anemia (B12 Deficiency: Neurologic Symptoms; Folate Deficiency: No Neurologic Symptoms)

53
Q

Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Conn Syndrome (Primary Hyperaldosteronism)

54
Q

Hypochromic, Microcytic Anemia

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia, Lead Poisoning, Thalassemia (Fetal Hemoglobin Sometimes Present)

55
Q

↑ α-Fetoprotein In Amniotic Fluid / Maternal Serum

A

Dating Error, Anencephaly, Spina Bifida (Neural Tube Defects)

56
Q

↑ Uric Acid Levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Loop & Thiazide Diuretics

57
Q

Intranuclear Eosinophilic Droplet-Like Bodies

A

Cowdry Type A Bodies (HSV or VZV)

58
Q

Iron-Containing Nodules In Alveolar Septum

A

Ferruginous Bodies (Asbestosis: ↑ Chance Of Mesothelioma)

59
Q

Keratin Pearls On A Skin Biopsy

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

60
Q

Large Lysosomal Vesicles In Phagocytes, Immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi Disease (Congenital Failure Of Phagolysosome Formation)

61
Q

“Lead Pipe” Appearance Of Colon On Barium Enema X-Ray

A

Ulcerative Colitis (Loss Of Haustra)

62
Q

Linear Appearance Of lgG Deposition On Glomerular & Alveolar Basement Membranes

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

63
Q

Low Serum Ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)

64
Q

“Lumpy Bumpy” Appearance Of Glomeruli On Immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (Due To Immune Complex Deposition Of lgG, IgM & C3b)

65
Q

Lytic (“Hole Punched”) Bone Lesions On X-Ray

A

Multiple Myeloma

66
Q

Mammary Gland (“Blue Domed”) Cyst

A

Fibrocystic Change Of The Breast

67
Q

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

A 
Multiple Myeloma (Usually lgG Or lgA)
Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance (MGUS; NucleusNormal Consequence Of Aging)
Waldenstrom's (M Protein = IgM) Macroglobulinemia Primary Amyloidosis
68
Q

Mucin-Filled Cell With Peripheral

A

Signet Ring (Gastric Carcinoma)

69
Q

Narrowing Of Bowel Lumen On Barium X- Ray

A

“String Sign” (Crohn Disease)

70
Q

Necrotizing Vasculitis (Lungs) & Necrotizing Glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener’s; PR3-ANCA / c-ANCA Positive) & Goodpasture’s Syndrome (Anti-Basement Membrane Antibodies)

71
Q

Needle-Shaped, Negatively Birefringent Crystals

A

Gout (Monosodium Urate Crystals)

72
Q

Nodular Hyaline Deposits In Glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules (Diabetic Nephropathy)

73
Q

Novobiocin Response

A

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

74
Q

“Nutmeg” Appearance Of Liver

A

Chronic Passive Congestion Of Liver Due To Right Heart Failure Or Budd-Chiari Syndrome

75
Q

“Onion Skin” Periosteal Reaction

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma (Malignant Small Blue Cell Tumor)

76
Q

Optochin Response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)

77
Q

Periosteum Raised From Bone, Creating Triangular Area

A

Codman Triangle On X-Ray (Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s Sarcoma, Pyogenic Osteomyelitis)

78
Q

Podocyte Fusion Or “Effacement” On Electron Microscopy

A

Minimal Change Disease (Child With Nephrotic Syndrome)

79
Q

Polished, “Ivory Like” Appearance Of Bone At Cartilage Erosion

A

Eburnation (Osteoarthritis Resulting In Bony Sclerosis)

80
Q

Protein Aggregates In Neurons From Hyperphosphorylation Of Protein Tau

A

Neurofibrillary Tangles (Alzheimer’s Disease) & Pick’s Bodies (Pick ‘s Disease)

81
Q

Psammoma Bodies

A

Meningiomas, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Mesothelioma, Papillary Serous Carcinoma Of The Endometrium & Ovary

82
Q

Pseudopalisading Tumor Cells On Brain Biopsy

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme

83
Q

RBC Casts In Urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

84
Q

Rectangular, Crystal-Like, Cytoplasmic Inclusions In Leydig Cells

A

Reinke Crystals ( Leydig Cell Tumor)

85
Q

Renal Epithelial Casts In Urine

A

Intrinsic Renal Failure (e.g., Ischemia Or Toxic Injury)

86
Q

Rhomboid Crystals, Positively Birefringent

A

Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystals)

87
Q

Rib Notching

A

Coarctation Of The Aorta

88
Q

Ring-Enhancing Brain Lesion In AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS Lymphoma

89
Q

Sheets Of Medium-Sized Lymphoid Cells With Scattered Pale, Tingible Body-Laden Macrophages (“Starry Sky” Histology)

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (t [8:14] c-myc Activation, Associated With EBV; “Starry Sky” Made Up Of Malignant Cells)

90
Q

Silver-Staining Spherical Aggregation Of Tau Proteins In Neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s Disease: Progressive Dementia, Changes In Personality)

91
Q

“Soap Bubble” In Femur Or Tibia On X-Ray

A

Giant Cell Tumor Of Bone (Generally Benign)

92
Q

“Spikes” On Basement Membrane, “Dome Like” Subepithelial Deposits

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis (May Progress To Nephrotic Syndrome)

93
Q

Stacks Of RBCs

A

Rouleaux Formation (High ESR, Multiple Myeloma)

94
Q

Stippled Vaginal Epithelial Cells

A

“Clue Cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

95
Q

“Tennis Racket” Shaped Cytoplasmic Organelles (EM) In Langerhans Cells

A

Birbeck Granules (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Or Histiocytosis X: Eosinophilic Granuloma)

96
Q

Thrombi Made Of White / Red Layers

A

Lines Of Zahn (Arterial Thrombus, Layers Of Platelets / RBCs)

97
Q

“Thumb Sign” On Lateral X-Ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

98
Q

Thyroid-Like Appearance Of Kidney

A

Chronic Bacterial Pyelonephritis

99
Q

Tram-Track Appearance Of Capillary Loops Of Glomerular Basement Membranes On Light Microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

100
Q

Triglyceride Accumulation In Liver Cell Vacuoles

A

Fatty Liver Disease (Alcoholic Or Metabolic Syndrome)

101
Q

“Waxy” Casts With Very Low Urine Flow

A

Chronic End-Stage Renal Disease

102
Q

WBC Casts In Urine

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

103
Q

WBCs That Look “Smudged”

A

CLL (Almost Always B Cell)

104
Q

“Wire Loop” Glomerular Capillary Appearance On Light Microscopy

A

Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (Usually Seen With Lupus)

105
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g., Due To Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)

106
Q

Atypical Lymphocytes

A

EBV

107
Q

“Delta Wave” On EKG, Short PR Interval, Supraventricular Tachycardia

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome (Bundle Of Kent Bypasses AV Node)

108
Q

Electrical Alternans (Alternating Amplitude On EKG)

A

Pericardial Tamponade

109
Q

Recurrent Infections, Eczema, Thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

110
Q

“Steeple” Sign On CXR

A

Croup (Parainfluenza Virus)

111
Q

Streptococcus bovis Bacteremia

A

Colon Cancer

112
Q

Thousands Of Polyps On Colonoscopy

A

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (Autosomal Dominant, Mutation Of APC Gene)

USMLE STEP 1 (5 decks)

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