Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Anticentromere Antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Antidesmoglein (Epithelial) Antibodies
A
Pemphigus Vulgaris (Blistering)
3
Q
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies
A
Goodpasture Syndrome (Glomerulonephritis & Hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone Antibodies
A
Drug-Induced SLE (Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG Antibodies
A
Rheumatoid Arthritis (Systemic Inflammation, Joint Pannus, Boutonnière Deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial Antibodies (AMAs)
A
1 ° Biliary Cirrhosis (Female, Cholestasis, Portal Hypertension)
7
Q
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Vasculitis (PR3-ANCA / c-ANCA: Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis [Wegener’s]; MPO-ANCA / p-ANCA: Microscopic Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
8
Q
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs: Anti-Smith & Anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (Type III Hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet Antibodies
A
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
10
Q
Anti-Topoisomerase Antibodies
A
Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-Transglutaminase / Anti-Gliadin / Anti-Endomysial Antibodies
A
Celiac Disease (Diarrhea, Distention, Weight Loss)
12
Q
“Apple-Core” Lesion On Abdominal X-Ray
A
Colorectal Cancer (Usually Left-Sided)
13
Q
Azurophilic Peroxidase-Positive Granular Inclusions In Granulocytes & Myeloblasts
A
Auer Rods (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Especially The Promyelocytic [M3] Type)
14
Q
Bacitracin Response
A
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A); Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
15
Q
“Bamboo Spine” On X-Ray
A
Ankylosing Spondylitis (Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis: HLA-B27)
16
Q
Basophilic Nuclear Remnants In RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly Bodies (Due To Splenectomy Or Nonfunctional Spleen)
17
Q
Basophilic Stippling Of RBCs
A
Lead Poisoning Or Sideroblastic Anemia
18
Q
Bloody Or Yellow Tap On Lumbar Puncture
A
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
19
Q
“Boot Shaped” Heart On X-Ray
A
Tetralogy Of Fallot (Due To RVH)
20
Q
Branching Gram-Positive Rods With Sulfur Granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
21
Q
Bronchogenic Apical Lung Tumor On Imaging
A
Pancoast Tumor (Can Compress Sympathetic Ganglion & Cause Horner’s Syndrome)
22
Q
“Brown” Tumor Of Bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism Or Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (Deposited Hemosiderin From Hemorrhage Gives Brown Color)
23
Q
Cardiomegaly With Apical Atrophy
A
Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
24
Q
Cellular Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule
A
Rapidly Progressive Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
25
"Chocolate Cyst" Of Ovary
Endometriosis (Frequently Involves Both Ovaries)
26
Circular Grouping Of Dark Tumor Cells Surrounding Pale Neurofibrils
Homer-Wright Rosettes (Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies Of Mucoid Pseudomonas In Lungs
Cystic Fibrosis (Autosomal Recessive Mutation In CFTR Gene → Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiency & Mucous Plugs)
28
↓ α-Fetoprotein In Amniotic Fluid/Maternal Serum
Down Syndrome Or Other Chromosomal Abnormality
29
Degeneration Of Dorsal Column Nerves
Tabes Dorsalis (3° Syphilis), Subacute Combined Degeneration (Dorsal Columns & Lateral Corticospinal Tracts Affected)
30
Depigmentation Of Neurons In Substantia Nigra
Parkinson's Disease (Basal Ganglia Disorder: Rigidity, Resting Tremor, Bradykinesia)
31
Desquamated Epithelium Casts In Sputum
Curschmann Spirals (Bronchial Asthma; Can Result In Whorled Mucous Plugs)
32
Disarrayed Granulosa Cells Arranged Around Collections Of Eosinophilic Fluid
Call-Exner Bodies (Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumor Of The Ovary)
33
Dysplastic Squamous Cervical Cells With "Raisinoid" Nuclei & Hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: Predisposes To Cervical Cancer)
34
Enlarged Cells With Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies
"Owl's Eye" Appearance Of CMV
35
Enlarged Thyroid Cells With Ground-Glass Nuclei With Central Clearing
"Orphan Annie Eyes" Nuclei (Papillary Carcinoma Of The Thyroid)
36
Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion In Liver Cell
Mallory Bodies (Alcoholic Liver Disease)
37
Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion In Nerve Cell
Lewy Body (Parkinson Disease)
38
Eosinophilic Globule In Liver
Councilman Body (Toxic Or Viral Hepatitis, Often Yellow Fever) Represents Hepatocyte Undergoing Apoptosis
39
Eosinophilic Inclusion Bodies In Cytoplasm Of Hippocampal & Cerebellar Neurons
Negri Bodies Of Rabies (Lyssavirus)
40
Extracellular Amyloid Deposition In Gray Matter Of Brain
Senile Plaques (Alzheimer Disease)
41
Giant B Cells With Bilobed Nuclei With Prominent Inclusions ("Owl's Eye")
Reed-Sternberg Cells (Hodgkin's Lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus-Like Structure Surrounding Vessel In Germ Cells
Schiller-Duval Bodies (Yolk Sac Tumor)
43
"Hair On End" (Crew-Cut) Appearance On X-Ray
β-Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia (Marrow Expansion)
44
hCG Elevated
Choriocarcinoma, Hydatidiform Mole (Occurs With & Without Embryo & Multiple Pregnancy)
45
Heart Nodules (Granulomatous)
Aschoff Bodies (Rheumatic Fever)
46
Heterophile Antibodies
Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)
47
Hexagonal, Double-Pointed, Needle-Like Crystals In Bronchial Secretions
Bronchial Asthma (Charcot-Leyden Crystals: Eosinophilic Granules)
48
High Level Of D-dimers
DVT, Pulmonary Embolism, DIC
49
Hilar Lymphadenopathy, Peripheral Granulomatous Lesion In Middle Or Lower Lung Lobes (Can Calcify)
Ghon Complex (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
50
"Honeycomb Lung" On X-Ray Or CT
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
51
Hypercoagulability (Leading To Migrating DVTs & Vasculitis)
Trousseau's Syndrome (Adenocarcinoma Of Pancreas Or Lung)
52
Hypersegmented Neutrophils
Megaloblastic Anemia (B12 Deficiency: Neurologic Symptoms; Folate Deficiency: No Neurologic Symptoms)
53
Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Metabolic Alkalosis
Conn Syndrome (Primary Hyperaldosteronism)
54
Hypochromic, Microcytic Anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia, Lead Poisoning, Thalassemia (Fetal Hemoglobin Sometimes Present)
55
↑ α-Fetoprotein In Amniotic Fluid / Maternal Serum
Dating Error, Anencephaly, Spina Bifida (Neural Tube Defects)
56
↑ Uric Acid Levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Loop & Thiazide Diuretics
57
Intranuclear Eosinophilic Droplet-Like Bodies
Cowdry Type A Bodies (HSV or VZV)
58
Iron-Containing Nodules In Alveolar Septum
Ferruginous Bodies (Asbestosis: ↑ Chance Of Mesothelioma)
59
Keratin Pearls On A Skin Biopsy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
60
Large Lysosomal Vesicles In Phagocytes, Immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi Disease (Congenital Failure Of Phagolysosome Formation)
61
"Lead Pipe" Appearance Of Colon On Barium Enema X-Ray
Ulcerative Colitis (Loss Of Haustra)
62
Linear Appearance Of lgG Deposition On Glomerular & Alveolar Basement Membranes
Goodpasture Syndrome
63
Low Serum Ceruloplasmin
Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)
64
"Lumpy Bumpy" Appearance Of Glomeruli On Immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (Due To Immune Complex Deposition Of lgG, IgM & C3b)
65
Lytic ("Hole Punched") Bone Lesions On X-Ray
Multiple Myeloma
66
Mammary Gland ("Blue Domed") Cyst
Fibrocystic Change Of The Breast
67
Monoclonal Antibody Spike
```
Multiple Myeloma (Usually lgG Or lgA)
Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance (MGUS; NucleusNormal Consequence Of Aging)
Waldenstrom's (M Protein = IgM) Macroglobulinemia Primary Amyloidosis
```
68
Mucin-Filled Cell With Peripheral
Signet Ring (Gastric Carcinoma)
69
Narrowing Of Bowel Lumen On Barium X- Ray
"String Sign" (Crohn Disease)
70
Necrotizing Vasculitis (Lungs) & Necrotizing Glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's; PR3-ANCA / c-ANCA Positive) & Goodpasture's Syndrome (Anti-Basement Membrane Antibodies)
71
Needle-Shaped, Negatively Birefringent Crystals
Gout (Monosodium Urate Crystals)
72
Nodular Hyaline Deposits In Glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules (Diabetic Nephropathy)
73
Novobiocin Response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
74
"Nutmeg" Appearance Of Liver
Chronic Passive Congestion Of Liver Due To Right Heart Failure Or Budd-Chiari Syndrome
75
"Onion Skin" Periosteal Reaction
Ewing's Sarcoma (Malignant Small Blue Cell Tumor)
76
Optochin Response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)
77
Periosteum Raised From Bone, Creating Triangular Area
Codman Triangle On X-Ray (Osteosarcoma, Ewing's Sarcoma, Pyogenic Osteomyelitis)
78
Podocyte Fusion Or "Effacement" On Electron Microscopy
Minimal Change Disease (Child With Nephrotic Syndrome)
79
Polished, "Ivory Like" Appearance Of Bone At Cartilage Erosion
Eburnation (Osteoarthritis Resulting In Bony Sclerosis)
80
Protein Aggregates In Neurons From Hyperphosphorylation Of Protein Tau
Neurofibrillary Tangles (Alzheimer's Disease) & Pick's Bodies (Pick 's Disease)
81
Psammoma Bodies
Meningiomas, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Mesothelioma, Papillary Serous Carcinoma Of The Endometrium & Ovary
82
Pseudopalisading Tumor Cells On Brain Biopsy
Glioblastoma Multiforme
83
RBC Casts In Urine
Glomerulonephritis
84
Rectangular, Crystal-Like, Cytoplasmic Inclusions In Leydig Cells
Reinke Crystals ( Leydig Cell Tumor)
85
Renal Epithelial Casts In Urine
Intrinsic Renal Failure (e.g., Ischemia Or Toxic Injury)
86
Rhomboid Crystals, Positively Birefringent
Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystals)
87
Rib Notching
Coarctation Of The Aorta
88
Ring-Enhancing Brain Lesion In AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS Lymphoma
89
Sheets Of Medium-Sized Lymphoid Cells With Scattered Pale, Tingible Body-Laden Macrophages ("Starry Sky" Histology)
Burkitt's Lymphoma (t [8:14] c-myc Activation, Associated With EBV; "Starry Sky" Made Up Of Malignant Cells)
90
Silver-Staining Spherical Aggregation Of Tau Proteins In Neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's Disease: Progressive Dementia, Changes In Personality)
91
"Soap Bubble" In Femur Or Tibia On X-Ray
Giant Cell Tumor Of Bone (Generally Benign)
92
"Spikes" On Basement Membrane, "Dome Like" Subepithelial Deposits
Membranous Glomerulonephritis (May Progress To Nephrotic Syndrome)
93
Stacks Of RBCs
Rouleaux Formation (High ESR, Multiple Myeloma)
94
Stippled Vaginal Epithelial Cells
"Clue Cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
95
"Tennis Racket" Shaped Cytoplasmic Organelles (EM) In Langerhans Cells
Birbeck Granules (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Or Histiocytosis X: Eosinophilic Granuloma)
96
Thrombi Made Of White / Red Layers
Lines Of Zahn (Arterial Thrombus, Layers Of Platelets / RBCs)
97
"Thumb Sign" On Lateral X-Ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
98
Thyroid-Like Appearance Of Kidney
Chronic Bacterial Pyelonephritis
99
Tram-Track Appearance Of Capillary Loops Of Glomerular Basement Membranes On Light Microscopy
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
100
Triglyceride Accumulation In Liver Cell Vacuoles
Fatty Liver Disease (Alcoholic Or Metabolic Syndrome)
101
"Waxy" Casts With Very Low Urine Flow
Chronic End-Stage Renal Disease
102
WBC Casts In Urine
Acute Pyelonephritis
103
WBCs That Look "Smudged"
CLL (Almost Always B Cell)
104
"Wire Loop" Glomerular Capillary Appearance On Light Microscopy
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (Usually Seen With Lupus)
105
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (e.g., Due To Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)
106
Atypical Lymphocytes
EBV
107
"Delta Wave" On EKG, Short PR Interval, Supraventricular Tachycardia
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome (Bundle Of Kent Bypasses AV Node)
108
Electrical Alternans (Alternating Amplitude On EKG)
Pericardial Tamponade
109
Recurrent Infections, Eczema, Thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
110
"Steeple" Sign On CXR
Croup (Parainfluenza Virus)
111
Streptococcus bovis Bacteremia
Colon Cancer
112
Thousands Of Polyps On Colonoscopy
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (Autosomal Dominant, Mutation Of APC Gene)
