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RAPID REVIEW- Classic Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd- Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (↓ LDL receptor signaling)

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3
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse Friedrichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

Anterior “drawer sign” +

A

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

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5
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, Aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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6
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

Secondary to erythropoietin injection

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7
Q

Back pain , fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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8
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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9
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

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10
Q

Bluish line on gongova

A

Burton line (lead poisoning)

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11
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arhtritis

A

Paget disease of bone (↑ osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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12
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bodding

A

Aortic regurgitation

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13
Q

“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in young female

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

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14
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)

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15
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune Albright sydndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)

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16
Q

Calf pseudohyperthrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X linked recessive deltion of dysthrophin gene

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17
Q

“Cherry red spots” on macula

A

Tay Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemman Pick (spingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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18
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable with minimal exertion)

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19
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/ friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler syndrome (autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)

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20
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

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21
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosium/ fifth disease: Parvovirus B19)

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22
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

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23
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

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24
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

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25
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Intenuclear ophtalmoplegia (damage to MLF, bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])

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26
Q

Continous “machine like” heart murmur

A

PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)

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27
Q

Cutaneous/ dermal edema due to connective tissue depostion

A

Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])

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28
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

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29
Q

Deep, labored breathing/ hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)

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30
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

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31
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitsmin B1] deficiency)

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32
Q

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

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33
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

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34
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webes), glossitis, iron deficiency, anemia

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

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35
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints

A

Ehlers- Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)

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36
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

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37
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

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38
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

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39
Q

Fat, female, forty and fertile

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

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40
Q

Fevers, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

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41
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivits, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles

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42
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

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43
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)

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44
Q

Gout, intellectual disability, self mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesh Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X linked recessive)

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45
Q

Green yellow rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser Fleischer rings (cooper accumulation from Wilson disease)

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46
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/ feet/ hands

A

Peutz Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel ↑ cancer risk, mainly GI)

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47
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidease deficiency)

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48
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, catarcts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

49
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

50
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

51
Q

Hyporreflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculation

A

LMN damage

52
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

“Blue bloater” (chronic bronchitis; hyperplasia of mucous cells)

53
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Non painful: chancre (1 syphilis, Treponema pallidum)

Painful with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

54
Q

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly of holorposencephaly, poludactylu, cutis aplasia

A

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

55
Q

Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly and neurodegeneration

A

Niemman Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

56
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly

A

Cori disease (debranching enzyme defiency)

57
Q

Infant with microcephaly, rocket bottonm feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect

A

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

58
Q

Jaundice, palpable distended non tender gallblader

A

Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

59
Q

Large rash with bull’s eye apperance

A

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)

60
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematomma (middle meningeal artery rupture)

61
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

A

Bruton diease (X linked agammaglobulinemia)

62
Q

Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)

63
Q

Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

A

Beck triad of cardiac tamponade

64
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/ soft tissue tumors, impacted/ supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)

65
Q

Myopathy (infantile hyperthrophic cardiomyopathy), excercise intolerance

A

Pompe disease (lysosomal α 1,4 glucosidease deficiency)

66
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: “Waiter’s tip”)

67
Q

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)

68
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scaning speech, bilateral internuclear ophtalmoplegia

A

Multiple Sclerosis

69
Q

Oscillating slow/fast breathing

A

Cheyene Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or ↑ intracranial pressure)

70
Q

Painful blue fingers/ toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutinatinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)

71
Q

Painful, pale, cold fingers/ toes

A

Raynaud phenomenom (vasospasm in extremities)

72
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes

A

Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

73
Q

Painles erythematous lesions on palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses)

74
Q

Painles jaundice

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

75
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/ leg, joint pain,abdominal pain (child), hematuria

A

Henoch Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

76
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathytoid tumors

A

MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)

77
Q

Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

78
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

“Pink puffer” (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1 antitrypsin deficiency])

79
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)

80
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

A

Lichen planus

81
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

82
Q

Pupil accomodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

83
Q

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/ upper respiratory infection

A

Guillian Barre syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)

84
Q

Rush in palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2º syphyllis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

85
Q

Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

A

Hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

86
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

87
Q

Ref “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)

88
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/ areola

A

Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)

89
Q

Red irine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

90
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastoma, angiomatosism pheocromocytoma

A

von Hippel Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

91
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability

A

Parkinson disease (nigrostrial dopamine depletion)

92
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

93
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate

A

Crigler Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

94
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)

95
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)

96
Q

Short stature, ↑ incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)

97
Q

Single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

98
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

99
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotention, fatigue

A

Addison disease (1º adrenocortical insufficiency causes ↑ ACTH and ↑ α MSH production)

100
Q

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker muscular dysthrophy (X linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)

101
Q

Small, irregular red spots in bucal/ lingual mucosa with blue/white centers

A

Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)

102
Q

Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals

A

Condylomata lata (2º syphilis)

103
Q

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

Bacterial endocarditis

104
Q

“Strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlet fever, kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome

105
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

Turner syndrome (45 XO)

106
Q

Sudden swollen/ painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/ podagra (hyperuricemmia)

107
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae

A

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

108
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])

109
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

A

Aortic valve stenosis

110
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

111
Q

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

112
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

113
Q

Unilateral facial droppung involving forehead)

A

Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)

114
Q

Urethritis, conjuntivitis, arthritis in a male

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA- B27

115
Q

Vascular BIRTHMARK (PORT WINE STAIN)

A

Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge Weber syndrome)

116
Q

Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations

A

Mallory Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)

117
Q

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple disease (Tropheryme whipplei)

118
Q

“Worst headache of my life”

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

RAPID REVIEW (5 decks)

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