Rapid Review Flashcards
Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability and extrapyramidal symptoms.
Antipsychotics, anti-emetics, withdrawal of Parkinson’s medications (NMS)
Side Effects of Corticosteroids
acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies,diabetes, hyperglycemia, suppression of HPA
Treatment for DTs
benzodiazepines
Treatment for Acetaminophen OD
N- acetylcysteine
Treatment for Opioid OD
Naloxone
Treatment for Benzo OD
Flumazenil (monitor for withdrawal and seizures)
Treatment for NMS and MH
Dantrolene
Treatement for Malignant HTN
Nitroprusside
Treatment of AF
rate control, rhythm conversion, anticoagulation
Treatment of SVT
If stable, rate control with carotid massage or other vagal stimulation; if unsuccessful consider adenosine. If unstable, cardiovert (synchronized).
Causes of drug induced SLE
INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine
Macrocytic, megalobalstic anemia with neurologic symptoms…
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms…
Folate deficiency
Burn patient presents with cherry-red, flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal, but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?
Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if poisoning is severe or patient is pregnant.
Blood in urethral meatus or high riding prostate
bladder rupture or urethral injury
Test to rule out urethral injury
retrograde cystourethrogram
Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection
widened mediastinum (>8cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right, depression of the left main bronchus
Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen
Free air under the diaphrgam, extravasation of contrast, severe bowel distension, space occupying lesion (CT), mesenteric occlusion (angiography)
Most common organisim in burn related infections
Pseudomonas
Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients
Parkland formula
24 hour fluids = 4 x kg x %BSA
First half given over the first 8 hours, the remainder given over the next 16 hours.
Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient
50 cc/hr
Acceptable urine outpatient in a stable patient
30 cc/hr
Signs of neurogenic shock
hypotension and bradycardia
Signs of increased ICP
Cushing’s Triad: hypertension, bradycardia, abnormal respirations
decreased CO, decreased PCWP, increased PVR
hypovolemic shock
decreased CO, increased PCWP, increased PVR
cardiogenic or obstructive shock
increased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased PVR
distributive (septic or anaphylactic) shock
Treatment of septic shock
fluids and antibiotics
Treatment of cardiogenic shock
Identify cause, inotrope (dobutamine)
Treatment of hypovolemic shock
Identify cause, fluid and blood repletion
Treatment of anaphylactic shock
Epi 1:1000 and diphenhydramine
Supportive treatment for ARDS
Low tidal volume ventilation
Signs of air embolism
Patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies.
Signs of cardiac tamponade
distended neck veins, hypotension, diminished heart sounds (Beck’s Triad)
pulsus paradoxus, electrical alternans
Absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins
massive hemothorax
Absent breath sounds, tracheal deviation, shock, distended neck veins
tension pneumothorax
Treatment for blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma in a hemodynamically unstable patient
Exploratory laparotomy
Increased ICP in alcoholics or the elderly following head trauma. Can be acute or chronic. Crescent shaped lesion on CT.
Subdural hematoma
Head trauma with immediate LOC followed by a lucid interval and then rapid deterioration. Convex shaped lesion on CT.
epidural hematoma
Best next step in patient with recent neck surgery, expanding neck mass/deviated trachea, and airway compromise (noisy breathing).
wound exploration/evacuation of hematoma
