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Surgery > Rapid Review > Flashcards

Rapid Review Flashcards

1
Q

Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability and extrapyramidal symptoms.

A

Antipsychotics, anti-emetics, withdrawal of Parkinson’s medications (NMS)

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2
Q

Side Effects of Corticosteroids

A

acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies,diabetes, hyperglycemia, suppression of HPA

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3
Q

Treatment for DTs

A

benzodiazepines

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4
Q

Treatment for Acetaminophen OD

A

N- acetylcysteine

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5
Q

Treatment for Opioid OD

A

Naloxone

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6
Q

Treatment for Benzo OD

A

Flumazenil (monitor for withdrawal and seizures)

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7
Q

Treatment for NMS and MH

A

Dantrolene

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8
Q

Treatement for Malignant HTN

A

Nitroprusside

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9
Q

Treatment of AF

A

rate control, rhythm conversion, anticoagulation

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10
Q

Treatment of SVT

A

If stable, rate control with carotid massage or other vagal stimulation; if unsuccessful consider adenosine. If unstable, cardiovert (synchronized).

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11
Q

Causes of drug induced SLE

A

INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine

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12
Q

Macrocytic, megalobalstic anemia with neurologic symptoms…

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

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13
Q

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms…

A

Folate deficiency

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14
Q

Burn patient presents with cherry-red, flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal, but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?

A

Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if poisoning is severe or patient is pregnant.

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15
Q

Blood in urethral meatus or high riding prostate

A

bladder rupture or urethral injury

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16
Q

Test to rule out urethral injury

A

retrograde cystourethrogram

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17
Q

Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection

A

widened mediastinum (>8cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right, depression of the left main bronchus

18
Q

Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen

A

Free air under the diaphrgam, extravasation of contrast, severe bowel distension, space occupying lesion (CT), mesenteric occlusion (angiography)

19
Q

Most common organisim in burn related infections

A

Pseudomonas

20
Q

Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients

A

Parkland formula

24 hour fluids = 4 x kg x %BSA

First half given over the first 8 hours, the remainder given over the next 16 hours.

21
Q

Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient

A

50 cc/hr

22
Q

Acceptable urine outpatient in a stable patient

A

30 cc/hr

23
Q

Signs of neurogenic shock

A

hypotension and bradycardia

24
Q

Signs of increased ICP

A

Cushing’s Triad: hypertension, bradycardia, abnormal respirations

25
Q

decreased CO, decreased PCWP, increased PVR

A

hypovolemic shock

26
Q

decreased CO, increased PCWP, increased PVR

A

cardiogenic or obstructive shock

27
Q

increased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased PVR

A

distributive (septic or anaphylactic) shock

28
Q

Treatment of septic shock

A

fluids and antibiotics

29
Q

Treatment of cardiogenic shock

A

Identify cause, inotrope (dobutamine)

30
Q

Treatment of hypovolemic shock

A

Identify cause, fluid and blood repletion

31
Q

Treatment of anaphylactic shock

A

Epi 1:1000 and diphenhydramine

32
Q

Supportive treatment for ARDS

A

Low tidal volume ventilation

33
Q

Signs of air embolism

A

Patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies.

34
Q

Signs of cardiac tamponade

A

distended neck veins, hypotension, diminished heart sounds (Beck’s Triad)

pulsus paradoxus, electrical alternans

35
Q

Absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins

A

massive hemothorax

36
Q

Absent breath sounds, tracheal deviation, shock, distended neck veins

A

tension pneumothorax

37
Q

Treatment for blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma in a hemodynamically unstable patient

A

Exploratory laparotomy

38
Q

Increased ICP in alcoholics or the elderly following head trauma. Can be acute or chronic. Crescent shaped lesion on CT.

A

Subdural hematoma

39
Q

Head trauma with immediate LOC followed by a lucid interval and then rapid deterioration. Convex shaped lesion on CT.

A

epidural hematoma

40
Q

Best next step in patient with recent neck surgery, expanding neck mass/deviated trachea, and airway compromise (noisy breathing).

A

wound exploration/evacuation of hematoma

Surgery (7 decks)

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