Rapid Diagnostic Testing

Question 1

Within Rapid Diagnostic Testing, what step of the seven steps to preserve the mircale of antibiotics is the most important?

Answer 1

• Promote use of new diagnostics with emphasis on point-of-care molecular methods

Question 2

What are the 2 important goals of the National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria [CARB]?

Answer 2

• Goal 1: Slow emergence of resistant bacteria and prevent spread of resistant infections
• Goal 3: Advance development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic test for identification of resistant bacteria

Question 3

What are the Diagnostic Techniques that are used in Rapid Diagnostic Testing?

Answer 3

• Polymerase Chain Reactions [PCR]
• Petide Nucleic Acid Fluorescent in situ Hybridization [PNA-FISH]
• Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification [LAMP]
• Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight [MALDI-TOF]

Question 4

What is important to know about Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] in Rapid Diagnostic Testing?

Answer 4

• Detection and quantification of specific sequences of DNA or RNA; results in 1-24h

Question 5

What is important to know about Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescent in situ Hybridization [PNA-FISH] in Rapid Diagnostic Testing?

Answer 5

• Uses fluorescent probes that targetig ribosomal RNA BUT does not provide susceptibility or virulence factors
• Results within hours

Question 6

What is important to know about Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification [LAMP] in Rapid Diagnostic Testing?

Answer 6

• Single Tube technique for amplifying DNA
• Simple for C. Diff detection

Question 7

What is important to know about Matrix-assiested laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight [MALDI-TOF] in Rapid Diagnostic Testing?

Answer 7

• Screens multiple molecules to determine identification; ion particles float up and hit the detecter

Question 8

What is an important example of molecular assey for detection in clinical samples of Rapid Diagnostic Testing?

Answer 8

• MRSA: Nasal Swab via PCR = 97% accurate
• Greatly helps rule out MRSA infections

Question 9

What is important to understand about Biofire in Rapid Diagnositc Testing?

Answer 9

• Shortens time to optimal therpay, improves outcomes, decreases hospital costs

Question 10

What are the 2 common Biofire Flimarray panels used in Rapid Diagnositic testing?

Answer 10

• Repiratory Pathogen: nose swab with result in 1 hour
• Meningitis/Encephalitis: CSF w/ NO + Culure with results in 1 hour

Question 11

Based on all of the clinical test that were dicussed, what was the common theme behind using Rapid Diagnostic Tests?

Answer 11

• SHORTER or DECREASE time to approiate therapy, LOS & Cost

Question 12

What are some of the limitations of Rapid Diagnostic Testing?

Answer 12

• Most assays detect pre-specified pathogens
• Still need positive blood culutres
• COST
• Rare organism identifed