Ranges of Motion

Question 1

PROM

Answer 1

Movement of a joint/segment within AVAILABLE ROM by external forces without voluntary contraction

Question 2

Passive Stretching

Answer 2

Use of external force to joint/segment within RESTRICTED ROM in attempt to gain ROM

Question 3

PROM Indications

Answer 3

Significant weakness/paralysis/comatose
Pain limited AROM
Tone reduction
Sensory awareness, stimulation

Question 4

PROM Contraindications

Answer 4

Increase of symptoms or pain
Severe OP or highly suspect bone integrity
Gross joint instability
Joint instability or excessive joint motion

Question 5

PROM Benefits

Answer 5

Preserve/maintain ROM to minimize contracture
Minimize adhesion formation
Inhibit/reduce pain
Promote/maintain local circulation

Question 6

PROM Limitations

Answer 6

Doesn’t prevent atrophy or increase muscle strength
Can’t improve contractile endurance
Can’t reduce adipose tissue

Question 7

Passive Stretching Characteristics

Answer 7

Designed to lengthen/elongate shortened soft-tissue structures
Gains only sustained through strengthening with ROM limits achieved

Question 8

AROM

Answer 8

movement of joint/segment by ACTIVE, VOLUNTARY muscle contraction with UNRESTRICTED ROM

Question 9

AROM Indications

Answer 9

Patient is able to voluntarily contract, control and coordinate movement
Function goals and abilities necessitate AROM

Question 10

AAROM

Answer 10

When the patient’s strength or a pain limitation may prohibit the patient from moving through full available range without the assistance of external force

Question 11

AROM Contraindications

Answer 11

Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction (check vitals)
Unhealed, unprotected fracture site
Unhealed, unprotected surgical site or site of soft tissue trauma
Caution with acute inflammation of involved joint
Patient tolerance: increase of symptoms of pain or substitution patterns

Question 12

AROM Benefits

Answer 12

Maintain muscle elasticity, strength, contractile endurance
Increase local circulation, DVT prevention
Increase joint motion and sensory awareness
Maintain, possibly improve cardiopulmonary functions
Decrease edema, especially of the UE
Promote structural integrity of tendon-bond interface

Question 13

RROM

Answer 13

Addition of resistive force other than gravity that can be accomplished manually or mechanically