Range of Motion

Question 1

Mobility

Answer 1

the ability to move about freely, easily, and purposefully in the environment

Question 2

Immobility

Answer 2

the inability to move about freely, easily and purposefully in the environment

Question 3

Disuse atrophy

Answer 3

unused muscles atrophy (decrease in size), losing most of their strength and normal function.

Question 4

Negative nitrogen balance

Answer 4

an active person’s body maintains a balance between anabolism and catabolism. Immobility creates an imbalance where more nitrogen is excreted than is ingested. this decreased protein stores which are essential for building muscle tissue and wound healing.

Question 5

Ischemia

Answer 5

deficiency of blood supply caused obstruction of circulation to the body part.

Question 6

Range of Motion

Answer 6

the degree of movement for each joint

Question 7

gait

Answer 7

the way a person walks

Question 8

activity tolerance

Answer 8

the type and amount of exercise or daily activities an individual is able to perform

Question 9

Active ROM

Answer 9

isotonic exercises in which the client moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane, over the joint

Question 10

Passive ROM

Answer 10

exercise in which another person moves each of the client’s joints through their complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint.

Question 11

flexion

Answer 11

decreasing the angle of the joint

Question 12

Lateral flextion

Answer 12

move the head laterally to the right and left shoulder

Question 13

extension

Answer 13

increasing the angle of the joint

Question 14

abduction

Answer 14

movement of the bone away from the mid line of the body

Question 15

adduction

Answer 15

movement of the bone towards the midline of the body

Question 16

Circumduction

Answer 16

Movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

Question 17

rotation

Answer 17

Movement of the bone around its central axis

Question 18

Internal rotation

Answer 18

turn each foot an leg inwards so that the toes point as far as possible toward the other leg

Question 19

external rotation

Answer 19

turn each foot and leg outward so that the toes point as far as possible away from he other leg

Question 20

supination

Answer 20

moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front

Question 21

ppronation

Answer 21

moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front

Question 22

opposition

Answer 22

touch each thumb to the top of each finger of the same hand.

Question 23

thumb joint movements include

Answer 23

abduction, rotation and flexion

Question 24

hyperextension

Answer 24

over extension or straightening of a joint (bending head backwards.

Question 25

dorsiflexion

Answer 25

point the toes of each foot upwards by pulling the toes toward the face, walking.

Question 26

plantar flexion

Answer 26

point the toes of each foot dowrnwards

Question 27

inversion

Answer 27

turn the sole of each foot laterally inward by moving the ankle joint

Question 28

eversion

Answer 28

turning the sole of each foot laterally outward by moving the ankle joint.

Question 29

a client is concerned that because she has had myocardial infarction (heart attack) she will not be able to enjoy active living in the future. Which of the following is the nurse’s best response.

a. People who have had a myocardial infarction should not start any physical activity program for 6 months
b. many risks and injuries can occur with exercise.
c. To stay physically healthy after a myocardial infarction, various activities are necessary, but consult your physician before you begin the exercise.
d. The older you are, the less activity you need to be.

Answer 29

c. to stay physically healthy after a myocardial infarction, various activities are necessary, but consult your physician before you begin the exercise.

Question 30

An 80-year-old male informs his nurse that he has “slowed down” since he had a mild cerebrovascular accident (stroke). He indicates that he has hired people to “look after everything so that all I have to do is watch TV.” The nurse should explain which of the following?

a. Obesity will likely occur if he does not do 1 hour of exercise five times per week.
b. His strategy is a good one, as this will ensure no further cerebrovascular accidents.
c. Adding physical activity within his tolerance level would help to decrease the risk of several serious diseases while improving a sense of well-being.
d. At 80, he should still be able to look after his home independently and perform activities of daily living.

Answer 30

c. Adding physical activity within his tolerance level would help to decrease the risk of several serious diseases while improving a sense of well-being.

Question 31

Knowing that the shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint, the nurse understands that a healthy shoulder can perform which of the following?

a. circumduction
b. supination
c. inversion
d. right-side flexion

Answer 31

a. circumduction

Question 32

the client is ambulating for the first time after surgery. She tells the nurse that she fells faint. Which of the following is the nurse’s BEST action?

a. find another nurse for help
b. return the client to her room as quickly as possible
c. Tell the client to take rapid, shallow breaths.
d. assist the client to a nearby chair

Answer 32

d. assist the client to a nearby chair

Question 33

A 58 year old male is in hospital with a fractured right ankle. He was placed in a cast yesterday but is not to weight-bear. You walk into the room to find him hopping on his left foot to the bathroom and he refuses to use a bedpan. What should you do?

a. instruct the patient on the use of a cane in his left hand to assist with ambulation.
b. Instruct the patient on the use of the bedpan, and insist that he use it as this would be the simplest way to ensure his safety.
c. instruct the patient on the use of crutches with a swing-through gait and urge him to use the call bell for assistance to use the washroom.
d. instruct the patient on the use of a cane in his right hand to assist with ambulation.

Answer 33

c. instruct on the use of crutches and call button

Question 34

During vigorous upper body exercises, which of the following would describe the reaction of the various body systems?

a. Musculoskeletal: increased blood flow to lower extremeties/Cardiovascular - decreased heart rate with increased cardiac muscle perfusion/respiratory: increased lung volumne with increased fluid retention
b. musculoskeletal: increased blood flow to upper-lower extremeties/cardiovascular: increased heart rate with increased cardiac muscle perfusion/respiratory: increased lung expansion with increased respiratory rate
c. musculoskeletal: increased blood flow to the upper and lower extremities/cardiovascular: incresed heart rate with decreased cardiac muscle perfusion/respiratory: increased lung expansion with increased respiratory rate
d. musculoskeletal: increased blood flow to upper and lower extremities/cardiovascular: incresed heart rate with decreased cardiac muscle perfusion/ respiratory: increased lung expansion with incresed respiratory rate

Answer 34

b

Question 35

Isotonic (dynamic) exercises are intended to achieve which of the following?

a. strengthen immobilized muscles
b. increase blood pressure
c. increase muscle mass and strength
d. decrease heart rate and cardiac output

Answer 35

c. increase muscle mass and strength

Question 36

To increase stability during patient transfer, the nurse increases the base of support by doing which of the following?

a. Leaning slightly backward
b. spacing the feet further apart
c. tensing the abdominal muscles
d. bending the knees

Answer 36

b. spacing the feet further apart which lowers center of gravity

Question 37

The client weighs 110kg. Which of the following statements by the nurse reflects an awareness of workplace injury prevention?

a. The use of proper body mechanics will prevent me from injurying myself
b. I am physically fit so am at lesser risk for injury when transferring the client.
c. I must use the mechanical lift and get another person to transfer the client from the bed to the chair
d. I will use the back belt to avoid hurting my back while I am transferring a client from the bed to the chair

Answer 37

c. mechanical lift and assistance

Question 38

When assessing a client’s gait, the nurse should look for and encourage which of the following?

a. The hips sway with spinal rotation
b. the gaze is slightly downward
c. the toes strike the ground before the heel
d. The arm on the same side as the swing-through foot moves forward at the same time.

Answer 38

a. the hips sway with spinal rotation.