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random theory 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the Clutha & Kawarau Rivers?

A

Central Otago; Alexandra, Bendigo & Wanaka on Clutha / Gibbston on Kawarau

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2
Q

2 sub-GIs of Canterbury

A

Waipara GI & Northern Canterbury GI ***Waipara within N Canterbury

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3
Q

What major bodies of water surround Tasmania?

A

Indian Ocean (W), Bass Strait (N), Tasman Sea (E), Southern Ocean (S)

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4
Q

Which parent company owns Kim Crawford?

A

Constellation Brands

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5
Q

3 geographic features of Marlborough for quality wine production

A

long days, cold nights (DTS), lots of sun, dry autumns (except 2017 / 2018!)

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6
Q

Name 2 (unofficial) subregions of Hawke’s Bay on the Ngaruroro R

A

Gimblett Gravels WG District, Bridge Pa & Ohiti

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7
Q

Marlborough’s new wine law system is called what? Name 3 reqs

A

a) Appellation Marlborough Wine (AMW) b) 100% Marlborough grapes, bottled in NZ, 100% sustainable (cert by “Sustainable Winegrowing NZ”), lower yields

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8
Q

Soils of Martinborough

A

Gravel (free-draining / alluvial) of the Martinborough Terrace

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9
Q

NZ’s oldest, continuously-operating winery; Australia?

A

Mission Estate (Hawke’s Bay); Wyndham Estate (Hunter Valley)

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10
Q

What is the climate of NZ?

A

Maritime (except Central Otago)

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11
Q

Top 2 (unofficial) regions of Nelson

A

Waimea Plains & Moutere Hills

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12
Q

Country-wide sustainability organization of NZ

A

Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand

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13
Q

What is the name of NZ’s wine law? When is it established & implemented?

A

Geographic Indications Registration Act; est 2006 & implemented 2017

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14
Q

Top 2-producing NZ GIs

A

Marlborough, Hawke’s Bay

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15
Q

What winery controls the majority of Marlborough’s vineyards?

A

Brancott E

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16
Q

Which Champagne house 1st invests in NZ? What decade? Which GI? Name of winery?

A

a) Deutz (Deutz x Montana); b) 1988 c) Marlborough d) LINDAUER

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17
Q

When does Gimblett Gravels WG District b/c official?

A

2001

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18
Q

What is Poverty Bay also known as?

A

Gisborne

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19
Q

Samuel Marsden is associated with what winemaking country?

A

NZ - plants 1st vines in 1819 @ Northland

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20
Q

Name 3 producers of Martinborough

A

Ata Rangi, Palliser E, Dry River, Kusuda ($$$)

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21
Q

Nelson lies on what 2 bays to the north? (name the 2 bays of Nelson)

A

Tasman Bay & Golden Bay

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22
Q

2 important viti innovations of the 1980s/1990s (NZ)

A

Canopy Mgmt & Site Selection

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23
Q

Who produces “Coddington”, “Huntington Hill” & “Maté’s Vineyard”?

A

Kumeu River

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24
Q

What is the smallest (unofficial) sub-region of Central Otago?

A

Wanaka ***also N-most

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25
Q

2 factors that contribute to NZ’s growth in the 2nd half of the 20th ce

A
  1. Jetliners make travel viable 2. 1986 vine pull scheme (VV replaces hybrids - huge increase in Sauv Blanc)
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26
Q

What is the most-planted white grape of Central Otago?

A

Pinot Gris

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27
Q

What is NZ Winegrowers Assoc?

A

2002; promotes unified face for NZ wine (all growers/producers are members)

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28
Q

Top 2 most-planted grapes of Central Otago

A 
#1) PN
#2) PINOT GRIS
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29
Q

North Island’s driest climate

A

Hawke’s Bay

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30
Q

Vinoptima & Millton are producers in what GI?

A

Gisborne

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31
Q

Soils of Marlborough

A

Free-draining glacial soils: stony gravel & sandy loams; clay & loess hillsides

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32
Q

The unofficial sub-regions of Hawke’s Bay are divided into what 4 general areas?

A

Hillsides, River Valleys, Alluvial Plains, Coastal Areas

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33
Q

3 factors that negatively affected the NZ wine industry in the early 1900s

A

Temperence Movement
Depression
Isolationism

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34
Q

The Raukumura Ranges & Waipoa River are geographic features of what wine region?

A

Gisborne GI

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35
Q

Most-common trellising NZ

A

VSP

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36
Q

Who produces NZ’s 1st varietal wine? Grape / region?

A

Montana; Gisborne CH

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37
Q

In what decade was first vines planted in NZ? Australia?

A

NZ: 1819 (1830s 1st production @ Busby’s Waitangi E on Northland)
Australia: 1788 (1st VV 1830)

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38
Q

Name the sub-GIs of Hawke’s Bay

A

Central Hawke’s Bay GI

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39
Q

In what NZ GI will you find the Waitakere Ranges?

A

Auckland ***creates RSE for Waiheke Island

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40
Q

This region produces NZ’s smallest production

A

Waikato ***ironic b/c aka Bay of Plenty

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41
Q

What are the 3-most planted grapes of NZ (in order)?

A

1) SB #2) PN #3) CH #4) PG #5) MRT

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42
Q

Where are the Tararua Ranges, the Aorangi Ranges & the Ruamahanga River?

A

Martinborough ***Tararua Ranges create RSE in Martinborough

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43
Q

Name 3 major rivers of Hawke’s Bay that define the region’s diverse soils

A

Esk R, Ngaruroro R, Tukituki R

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44
Q

What is the most-planted grape of Canterbury? Waitaki Valley?

A

Pinot Noir

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45
Q

What is the body of water that separates Waiheke Island from the mainland?

A

The Hauraki Gulf

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46
Q

Cloudy’s Bay’s sparkling wine is called what? Grape?

A

Pelorus (CH/PN)

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47
Q

In what decade does Vitis Vinifera replace hybdrids?

A

1970s

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48
Q

Dog Point & Oyster Bay are producers where?

A

Marlborough

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49
Q

Name the official and unofficial subregions of Wairarapa

A

Official: Martinborough GI, Gladstone GI; Unofficial: Masterton

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50
Q

Who produces Coleraine, Awatea & Bullnose?

A

Te Mata

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51
Q

Felton Road & Mt Difficulty are in what Central Otago subzone? Rippon?

A

Felton Road, Mt Difficulty: Bannockburn

Rippon: Wanaka

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52
Q

What mountain range divides Wairau & Awatere Valleys?

A

(Marlborough) Wither Ranges

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53
Q

Kusuda is a producer located in what GI of NZ?

A

Martinborough (expensive!!!)

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54
Q

Golden Slope & Ormond Valley are unofficial regions of what GI?

A

Gisborne

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55
Q

Who produced the 1st Marlborough Sauv Blanc and in what decade?

A

a) Montana (now Brancott E) b) 1979 (1st commercial plantings of Marlborough 1973)

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56
Q

2 benefits of Dr Smart’s Canopy Mgmt

A

a) Reduce Green Flavors by Controlling Vigor b) Combat Fungal Disease c) Prevent Sunburn

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57
Q

T or F: to use the “Gimblett Gravels Winegrowing District” on label, the wine must be made from BDX varietals or Syrah

A

False; grape variety not specified (95% grapes from area / 95% soil type)

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58
Q

In what wine region will you find the Te Muna Terraces? Who owns them?

A

a) Martinborough (Wairarapa) b) Craggy Range (even tho producer based in Hawke’s Bay) ***don’t confuse w/ Te Mata Special Character Zone in Hawke’s Bay

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59
Q

Puriri Hills is a producer in what NZ wine region?

A

(Clevedon) Auckland

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60
Q

Most-planted grape of Auckland

A

Chardonnay

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61
Q

In what NZ GI is the unofficial region of “Bay of Islands” located?

A

Northland GI

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62
Q

Name 2 MVSWGA members that produce Scarce Earth Wines

A

d’Arenberg, Clarendon Hills, Chapel Hill, Gem Tree

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63
Q

What is the Gladstone Line? What geographic feature does it border?

A

Line of longitude that markes E boundary of viticulture in Margaret River (115*18 E) → E border / follows Whicher Ranges

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64
Q

Top 3 most-planted W grapes of Australia

A

1) CH 2) SB 3) Pinot Gris!

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65
Q

Henschke’s Langton Exceptional wine & inaugural vintage

A

“Hill of Grace” (1958); Mt Edelstone (1952) ***both EXCEPTIONALS

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66
Q

What are the “secret” vintages of Penfold’s Grange?

A

1957, 1958, 1959

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67
Q

What is Penfold’s Langton Exceptional Cabernet? What is it named after?

A

Bin 707; ***Cab version of Grange; named after Boeing 707 that permitted Ausies to travel & ultimately produce high-quality wines

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68
Q

What is “Artisans of Barossa”?

A

Organization of 7 producers working together to promote small-batch / sub-regional Barossa winemaking; J Duvall, Spinifex, Schwarz Wine Co, Massena

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69
Q

Name 3 producers based in Eden Valley

A

Henschke, Pewsey Vale, Yalumba

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70
Q

1-planted grape of Yarra Valley GI

A

CHARDONNAY (no malo, no N.O.); followed by PN

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71
Q

2 GIs the Murray River flows through

A

Snowy Mtns - Lake Alexandrina; Tumbarumba GI, Rutherglen GI, Goulburn V, Perricoota S, Murray Darling GI / Swan Hill GI, Riverland GI

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72
Q

S-most zone of the Limestone Coast Zone

A

Mt Gambier

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73
Q

Soil of Yarra

A 
Upper Yarra (S): Red Basalt
Lower Yarra (N): Grey Brown Sandy Clay Loam
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74
Q

What is Durif?

A

Petit SIRAH

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75
Q

Name the Ausie wine states & decade of 1st vines; 1st vitis Vinifera?

A

1) NSW: 1788 (1831 VV), 2) Tasmania: 1823, 3) W Australia: 1829, 4) Victoria: 1838, 5) S Australia: 1842

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76
Q

When do vines arrive in South Australia? Who brings them? Where?

A

1842: Johan Gramp est Orlando wines & plants vines in Rowland Flat (BV)

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77
Q

Name 2 factors that contribute to the concentration of Margaret River’s Chardonnay

A

A) winds during flowering reduce crop B) tiny-berried Gingin clone is prone to millerandage

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78
Q

What mountain range marks the eastern & southern boundary of McLaren Vale?

A

Sellicks Hill Range (vs Skilly Hills which are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges)

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79
Q

Soil of Margaret River

A

Red Gravely Loam over Granite BR

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80
Q

What year marks the beginning of mass-production in Australia? Why?

A

1912; Murray Irrigation Area

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81
Q

Zone of the Cowra GI

A

Central Ranges Zone

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82
Q

Top vintages of the 1990’s (aka the “breakout vintages”)

A

1990 / 1991, 1998 ***1998 also GREAT in Southern Rhone

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83
Q

Margaret River’s “First Five”

A

Vasse Felix, Cape Mentelle, Cullen, Leeuwin, Mosswood *Very Clever Cats Like Milk

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84
Q

Name the GIs of the SW Australia Zone

A

Geographe GI, Margaret River GI, Blackwood Valley GI, Manjimup GI, Pemberton GI, Great Southern GI

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85
Q

Cliamte of Coonawarra? Barossa Valley?

A

Coonawarra: Cool Mediterranean; Barossa V: Mediterranean

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86
Q

___ plants SW Australia’s 1st vines in ___ in ___.

A

Thomas Waters; 1829; Swan Valley

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87
Q

Name the GIs of Southern NSW Zone

A

Canberra District GI, Gundagai GI, Hilltops GI, Tumbarumba GI

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88
Q

Who is credited w/ saving OV Barossa Shiraz from extinction in the 1980s?

A

Peter Lehmann

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89
Q

Soils of Hunter Valley

A

A) W alluvial LOAM & SAND; [B) Red Volcanic (Pokolbin / higher up)]

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90
Q

Name the bodies of water that surround Margaret River

A

Geographe Bay (N), Indian Ocean (W) & S Ocean (S)

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91
Q

World’s oldest Shiraz? Year planted?

A

Langmeil’s “Freedom” V; 1843

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92
Q

Penfold’s iconic white wine aka the white version of Grange

A

Yattarna (Bin 144); CHARDONNAY; (Adelaide Hills & Tasmania)

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93
Q

What was Margaret River’s first commercial wine?

A

(1st experimental plantings in 1966); 1971 Dr. Tom Cullity’s Vasse Felix label produced the first commercial Margaret River wine—Riesling

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94
Q

What was the first GI of Australia & in what year?

A

Tasmania GI (1994)

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95
Q

What is Australia’s multi-state zone?

A

South Eastern Australia

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96
Q

Producers association of Rutherglen

A

Winemakers of Rutherglen (prev Muscat of Rutherglen NW)

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97
Q

Sullivan’s Cove is a producer of what? Country?

A

Australia; Single Malt Whisky

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98
Q

Name 3 unofficiall sub-regions of Clare Valley GI

A

Auburn, Polish Hill, Sevenhill, Watervale

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99
Q

What is Terra Rossa? What are the benefits?

A

(Friable) iron-oxide clay over LS ***good drainage for a clay-based soil w/ good water retention for dry summers

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100
Q

Maurice O’Shea is associated with what W?

A

Mt Pleasant (Hunter Valley)

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101
Q

What are the 3-most-planted W grape of Barossa?

A

Riesling, CH, Semillon

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102
Q

Who produces “O’Riada” & “Murrumbateman” Shiraz?

A

Clonakilla

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103
Q

Torbreck’s most expensive bottling

A

The Laird (vs Langton Exceptional “RunRig”) ***he saves the best bottle for drinking in his laird

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104
Q

On a scale of 1 to 5, describe 2018 in Australia

A

5 (the best!!)

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105
Q

Name 3 properties that border Petrus

A

VCC, Hosanna, Lafleur, L’Evangille, Gazin

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106
Q

What category of French wine law that served as a stepping stone from Vin de Pays to AOC is phased out in 2011?

A

VDQS

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107
Q

What is the commune & classification of Chx Haut-Brion

A

Pessac; 1855 Classification of BDX 1st Growth (Premier Cru Classe) & Classification of Graves (“Cru Classé”); ***only chx that is classified in both

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108
Q

Assemblage for: Haut Brion
Palmer
Cheval Blanc
Figeac

A

Haut Brion: 45 MRT / 44 CS / 10 CF / 1 PV Palmer: 47 MRT / 47 CS / 6 PV ***NO CAB FRANC Cheval Blanc: 50 CF / 47 MRT / 3 CS” Figeac: 35 CS / 35 CF / 30 MRT

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109
Q

1st BDX chateaux to 100% estate-bottle; in what decade?

A

Mouton-Rothschild; 1924

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110
Q

What are the communes of Sauternes from N to S?

A

Barsac, Preignac, Bommes, Sauternes, Fargues ***(you go to the) Bar (to) Pray (on) Bitches Sipping Fernet

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111
Q

Name 3 vintages of the 2000s / 1990s in which R bank does better than L bank

A

1998, 2001, 2008

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112
Q

Who puts on the annual en primeur tasting in Bordeaux?

A

Union des Grands Crus de Bordeaux

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113
Q

Name the appellation of Chx Roc de Cambes

A

Bourg AOC (synonymous w/ Cotes de Bourg AOC / Bourgeais AOC)

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114
Q

What is the name of Count Alexandre de Lur Saluces’ Sauternes winery?

A

Chx de Fargues

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115
Q

What is “Les Exceptionnels”? Name 2 members (aka name 3 members who leave the Cru Bourgeois classification)

A 
Organzation of 6 out of the 8 former Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels (now all unclassified): Chx Chasse-Spleen (Moulis-en-Medoc)
Chx Poujeux (Moulis-en-Medoc)
Les Ormes-de-Pez (St Estephe)
Chx de Pez (St Estephe)
Chx Potensac (Medoc)
Chx Siran (Margaux)
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116
Q

Commune and classification of La Tour Blanche

A

Bommes (Sauternes); Premier Cru

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117
Q

What is the min abv & max yields for St Emilion GC AOC?

A

11.5% abv; 46 hl/ha

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118
Q

Name 3 vintages in which there was no Chx d’Yquem production

A

2012, 1992, 1974 / 1972, 1964, 1952 / 1951, 1930, 1915 / 1910; 9 x not produced in 20th ce / 10 times total no production

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119
Q

What separates Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC from Pomerol AOC?

A 
Barbanne R (also separates St Emilion from Satellites)
***Isle R separates Fronsac AOC / Canon-Fronsac AOC from Pomerol
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120
Q

What is the appellation & classification of Chx Bouscaut

A

Pessac-Leognan; (Classification of Graves) Grand Cru Classee (W & R)

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121
Q

When does harvest in Sauternes take place?

A

b/g of September - November

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122
Q

Chateau d’Yquem contains on average how much sugar?

A

120-140 g/l RS; ***b/f LVMH ownership, < RS (80-120)

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123
Q

What vintage of the 1990s is there no Cheval Blanc & Petrus (grand vin) production?

A

1991 (couldn’t follow up a year like 1990!!!)

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124
Q

What former St-Emilion satellite appellation was absorbed into Montagne St Emilion?

A

Parsac St Emilion

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125
Q

In what decade does it become mandatory for 1855 classified growths to be estate bottled? St Emilion?

A

Classified Growths: 1972 (yr before Mouton Rothschild promoted!); St Emilion: 1969

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126
Q

Which Cotes de Bordeaux AOC sub-zone is permitted to produce sweet whites?

A

Francs & St-Foy

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127
Q

Name the 3 classified growths that remain in their original families?

A

Mouton-Rothschild, Leoville-Barton, Langoa-Barton

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128
Q

In what decade does En Primeur go public?

A

1980’s

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129
Q

Chateau Gaby calls what appellation home?

A

Canon-Fronsac AOC

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130
Q

The vines of Leoville-Las Casses border which famous estate?

A

Chx Latour

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131
Q

Name 2 methods of must concentration used in BDX

A

a) reverse osmosis b) vacuum distillation c) saignee

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132
Q

Communal AOC of Medoc w/ highest % classified growths

A

St Julien (85%)

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133
Q

What species of grape is permitted under PDO? PGI?

A

PDO: vitis vinifera only; PGI: vitis vinifera or cross b/w vitis vinifera & another vitis species (so no Noah / Isabelle / etc) ***aka no hybrids

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134
Q

All second growths of Saint-Julien fall within what commune?

A

Saint-Julien Beychevelle

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135
Q

What is the “Jurade de St Emilion”?

A

Oldest wine society in France aimed at promoting appellation

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136
Q

Name one reason why Barsac produces fresher wines than the rest of Sauternes

A

LS-base soils (vs gravel in Sauternes)

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137
Q

What is the encepagement of Chx Lascombes in descending order?

A

MERLOT, Cab Sauv, Petit Verdot

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138
Q

BDX AOC rose vs clairet grapes

A

Rose: R + max 20% W
Clairet: R grapes only

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139
Q

Who is the winemaker of Petrus?

A

Olivier Berrouet

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140
Q

What is Cab Franc called on the R-bank?

A

Bouchet

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141
Q

What effect did the frost of 1956 have on the encepagement of the vineyards of the RB?

A

MRT takes over plantings (goodbye Cab Franc)

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142
Q

What historical event brings Bordeaux back under French rule (after English rule) in the year ___?

A

1453; Hundred Years War

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143
Q

Name the 3 areas of Pomerol & associated soil

A

1) Plateau (NE): clay (includes Buttonhole / blue clay / Hill of Petrus @ top / NE corner) 2) Terraces: slopes of plateau; sand, gravel, clay (Crasse de Fer) 3) Flats: sand

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144
Q

What is the soil of Pomerol?

A

Crasse de Fer (iron-rich clay)

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145
Q

Pomerol sits on what bank of the ____ River?

A

LEFT bank of the Barbanne River (below the Barbanne, along w/ St Emilion AOC)

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146
Q

In what century does viticulture b/c possible in the Medoc?

A

1600s

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147
Q

How many classified growths of the Medoc? Sauternes?

A

61 (R) & 27 (Sauternes)

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148
Q

Who requests that the chateaux of Bordeaux be classified in 1855? Who does the actual ranking?

A

a) Napoleon III ***BDX Chamber of Commerce & Industry does the actual ranking

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149
Q

What is the blend of Chx d’Yquem?

A

75 Sem / 25 SB

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150
Q

What is the most-planted grape of the RB?

A

MERLOT (70 MRT / 30 CF)

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151
Q

Chx Trottie Vieille - commune / class

A

St Emilion GC “1er GC Classee B”

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152
Q

Trellising of LB vs RB

A

LB: double guyot; RB: single guyot

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153
Q

In what year does Latour leave En Primeur? What is the last vintage on the Place de BDX?

A

Leave in 2012; 2011 last vintage on PdB

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154
Q

Name the commune & classification of Chx Filhot

A

Sauternes; Deuxieme Cru (2nd growth)

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155
Q

What river separates St Emilion from its satellite appellations to the N?

A

Barbanne R ***b/c Isle River flows N of the satelites “Isle / island in the sky”

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156
Q

What area of Bordeaux has the highest rainfall?

A

Pessac-Leognan

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157
Q

Which 2 classified growths of the Medoc have more MRT than Cab Sauv?

A

Haut Brion & Lascombes

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158
Q

What AOC of BDX mandates the longest elevage?

A

Blaye AOC; Mar 31, 2nd yr ***longest of BDX

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159
Q

Aside from BDX, name 2 other regions where Muscadelle is a featured grape

A

Monbazillac AOC & Rutherglen GI (Topaque)

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160
Q

Name the rivers of Sauternes

A

Ciron R & Garonne

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161
Q

What is the ecepagement of Chx Figeac?

A

35 CS / 35 CF / 30 MRT

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162
Q

Name 3 regions in climate zone B & max chaptalization adjustment

A

Alsace, Champagne, Loire; max 2%

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163
Q

Why are vines trained higher in the RB in comparison to the LB?

A

RB: trained higher to protect vs frost (cold air sinks); vs LB trained low to ground to absorb heat from soil

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164
Q

Name the 2nd growths of Pauillac - full & shortened names

A

Chx Pichon Baron (Chateau Pichon-Longueville Baron) & Chx Pichon Lalande (Chx Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande)

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165
Q

What is micro-bullage? Name the 3 reasons why a producer would utilize it

A

Micro-Boullage = micro-oxygenation; a) stabilize color b) soften tannins c) counter reduction

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166
Q

1st non-BDX wine sold on Places de BDX

A

Almaviva & Concha y Toro in 1996

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167
Q

The L’Enclos Vineyard is the source of what classified growth’s grand vin?

A

Latour

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168
Q

What is the minimum score for St Emilion 1er GC Classées properties? What are the 5 criterea that are evaluated?

A

1er GC Classée A: 17 / 20
1er GC Classée B: 16 / 20
GC Classée: 14 / 20
Soil, Terroir, Tasting, Reputation, WM Facility

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169
Q

What does Chx Tertre Roteboeuf label under?

A

St Emilion Grand Cru (AOC)

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170
Q

Where are the Claro V, Lancomilla V & Tutuven V DOs?

A

Zonal DOs of Maule; Teno & Lontue in CURICO

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171
Q

Min % stated grape Argentina vs Chile

A

Chile: 75% V/V/Reg
Arg: 80% (85% Lujan de Cuyo)

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172
Q

How long does Lujan de Cuyo DOC have to age for?

A

2 yrs (1yr oak/1yr bottle)

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173
Q

Styles / grapes under Valle dos Vinedos

A

W: CH, R: MRT, Sparkling: PN/CH

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174
Q

Merlot is mistaken for Carmenere until what year?

A

1994

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175
Q

When were Chile’s first wine laws put in place? When is DO system put in place?

A

WL: 1985; DO: 1995

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176
Q

What is Chile’s highest winegrowing DO?

A

Elqui DO

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177
Q

The Camanchaca fog is a major geographic influence to what DO?

A

Limari DO

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178
Q

What Regional DO lies within thte province of Valparaiso? O’Higgins

A

Valparaiso: Aconcagua Valley

O’Higgins: Rapel Valley ***Maipo in Santiago

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179
Q

What are the DOs of San Antonio Valley?

A

Lleyda (Z) DO
Lo Abarca (A) DO
Rosario (unofficial)

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180
Q

VIGNO is an association within what sub-regional DO of Chile?

A

Maule DO

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181
Q

What is Furrow Irrigation?

A

Water from mtns (snowmelt) directed to vineyards via channels

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182
Q

Most-planted grape of Maule?

A

Cab Sauv (lots!); even tho VIGNO (OV Carignan) here

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183
Q

In what DO is Pais the most-planted grape?

A

Itata DO (Sur)

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184
Q

What are 2 pink-skinned grapes of Argentina?

A

Cereza, Criolla Chica, Criolla Grande

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185
Q

2 BDX investments in Chile; Burg?

A

BDX: Almaviva, Vina Acquitania (Malleco): Cos x Margaux
Burg: W Fèvre, C Liger Belair (Aristos)

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186
Q

Wehre are the Teno & Lontue Rivers Valleys?

A

Curico DO ***vs Claro, Lancomilla & Tutuven in Maule

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187
Q

What are the DOCs of Argentina?

A

LdC DOC, San Rafael DOC

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188
Q

What is the blend of Almaviva? Cheval des Andes?

A

Almaviva (Chile): 80 / 20 CS / Carmenere

Cheval des Andes (Arg): 60 / 40 MBC / CS

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189
Q

Name 2 grapes permitted under the Secano Interior DO? Name 2 sub-regions that fall within the DO’s boundaries

A

Pais, Cinsault, Carignan (only); Curico, Maule, Itata, Biobio

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190
Q

What grape / s is / are not permitted on a bottle of Chilean DO wine?

A

Pais; any non-Vitis Vinifera grape

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191
Q

Top bottling of Errazuriz

A

Don Maximiniano “Founder’s Reserve”

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192
Q

Paraje Altamira IG is a subzone of what other sub-GI?

A

La Consulta IG (San Carlos IG in Uco V)

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193
Q

Mendoza Soil

A

Alluvial soils called Franco ***Alluvial Sand over Clay

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194
Q

What is the 2nd-most planted red grape of Chile?

A

MRT (CS #1)

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195
Q

Name the 2 tiers of Brazilian wine law

A

DO & IP (IGP)

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196
Q

What major river runs through the Uco Valley?

A

Tunuyan River

197
Q

3 unofficial areas of Maipo

A

Alto Maipo, Medio Maipo, Maipo Costa ***but no Costa DOs in Maipo

198
Q

What styles are permitted under Vale does Vinhedos DO? Grapes?

A

W, R & TM (sparkling); a) W: Chardonnay ( + Riesling Italico), b) R: (varietal) MRT (or 60% MRT + CS / CF / Tannat)

199
Q

What is the highest vineyard in the world? Where is it located?

A

Moya Vineyard (3,329 meters / 10,922ft); Juyjuy IG (Northern Region)

200
Q

What are the regions of the Zona Centrale?

A

Aconcagua DO & Valle Centrale DO

201
Q

50% of Chile’s production comes from what sub-region / sub-region with #1 HAUV

A

Maule ***vs Rapel is most planted

202
Q

Highest elevation of Chile are in what region?

A

Atacama

203
Q

Climate of Casablanca

A

Cool MEDITERRANEAN

204
Q

Name 2 reasons why phylloxera is not an issue in Argentina

A

a) flood irrigation was so common b) sandy soils

205
Q

Cono Sur, Casa Marín & Matetic call what region home?

A

San Antonio DO

206
Q

Name 2 producers who label under Lujan de Cuyo DOC

A

B Norton & Luigi Bosca

207
Q

Describe how the wines of Colli Orientali del Friuli Piccolit DOCG are made?

A

LH + Drying

208
Q

Aglianico del Vulture Superiore N

Aglianico del Vulture Superiore R

A

3 yrs from Nov 1 (1 yr wood / 1 yr bottle)

5 yrs from Nov 1 (2 yrs wood / 1 yr bottle)

209
Q

What is the subzone of Colli Orientali del Friuli Piccolit DOCG?

A

Cialla

210
Q

Name a DOC in Umbria that may produce Vin Santo

A

Torgiano DOC

211
Q

When can grapes destined for Amarone be vinified?

A

Minimum Dec 1

212
Q

Name 2 DOCGs of Friuli that were previous subzones of Friuli Colli Orientali

A

Ramandolo
Colli Orientali del Friuli Piccolit
Rosazzo

213
Q

What is the appellation for Miani, Liovio Felluga & Ronchi di Cialla?
What is the appellation for Borgo del Tiglio, Schiopetto & Radikon?

A 
Colli Orientali del friuli Piccolit DOC
Collio DOC (+ Grasvner)
214
Q

What are the subzones of Soave DOC & Soave Superiore DOCG?

A

Soave: Classico & Colli Scaligeri

Soave Sup: Classico (includes Soave & Monteforte d’Alpone)

215
Q

What is the overarching appellation for Trentino-Alto Adige? Veneto?

A

T-AA: Valdadige DOC (partly in Veneto too)

216
Q

“Delle Venezie DOC” covers what provinces?

A

Veneto, Friuli, Trento

217
Q

DOCGs of Castel del Monte

A

…Castel del Monte Nero di Troia RISERVA (90%)

Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva (65%)…

218
Q

How is Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG made?

A

LATE HARVEST!!!!! min 50 g/l RS ***think Cannellino di Frascati (35 g/l)

219
Q

When was Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG established? Soil?

A

DOCG: 2005
Soil: Iron-rich clay over LS + sand in E / S

220
Q

What is the subzone of Cerasuolo di Vitorria DOCG?

A

Classico

221
Q

Biferno and Pentro di Isernia are in what region?

A

Molise (Biferno DOC, Pentro di Isernia DOC, Tintilia di Molise DOC)

222
Q

1st DOCs of Italy in what year?

A

DOC: 1966; DOCG: 1980

223
Q

Max elevation Brunello & Chianti Classico

A

Brunello: 600m

Chi Class: 700m

224
Q

When does Sassicaia b/c a subzone of Bolgheri DOC? When does it b/c Bolgheri-Sassicaia DOC? During what years is Sassicaia bottled under Vino da Tavola?

A

1994; 2013 ***therefore labeled as Vino da Tavola 1968-1993

225
Q

What is Ornellaia’s 2nd wine?

A

Le Serre Nuove

226
Q

3 Gran Selezione bottlings

A

Felsina “Colonia”
Fontodi “Vigna del Sorbo”
Antinori “Badia a Passignano”

227
Q

Assemblage for
Solaia
Ornellaia

A

“Solaia: 75% CS + 20 Sangio / 5 CF
Ornellaia: 50% CS + 25 MRT / 20 CF / 5 PV”
(Felsina) Fontalloro: 100% Sangio (IGP)

228
Q

3 CS Super Tuscans

A

Castello di Monsanto “Nemo”
Feslina “Maestro Raro”
Castello di Rampolla “Sammarco”

229
Q

ITaly’s 1st DOC

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOC 1966

230
Q

Alliance Vinum

A

Producer association in VNdM DOCG; AVIGNONESI, Boscarelli, Poliziano

231
Q

Name for Sangiovese in VNdM DOCG; min % in blend?

A

Prugnolo Gentile (min 70%) ***max 5% W grapes

232
Q

Describe the difference between a Climat and a Lieu Dit

A

Climat: vigneron’s term; < technical

Lieu Dit: geographer’s term; > technical; often recall historic uses of land / former owners

233
Q

Grand Cru can be declassified to what?

A

1er cru (w/o vineyard mention), village, Bourgogne AOP

234
Q

How many GCs of Burgundy? How many in CDN?

A

GCs: 33; CDN: 24

235
Q

What is the most-planted grape of Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay (“Beaunois”), PN #2, Gamay

236
Q

Bourgogne AOC varietal blanc may be produced from what varietals?

A

CH & PB ***max 30% PG

237
Q

2 Grand Crus of the Valais? Vaud?

A

Valais: Conthy, Fully, Sierre, Saillon, Salgesch, Vetroz ***GCs under Valais AOC Vaud: Calamin & Dezelay w/i the Lavaux AOC (other AOCs of Vaud include Chablais, La Côte)

238
Q

Top crus of Savoie such as Arbin & Chignin-Bergeron are along what river?

A

Isère R (in the SE)

239
Q

What are 3 regional AOCs of the Vaud?

A

Bonvillars, Chablais, Cotes de l’Orbe, La Cote, Lavaux, Vully

240
Q

What 2 Champagne methods are not permitted for Bugey-Cerdon?

A

Tirage & Dosage

241
Q

What is “Klevner” a synonym of in Aslace?

A

Pinot Blanc; under AOC, Klevner/Pinot may be applied to a WHITE WINE consisting of PB / Auxerrois / PG / PN in any proportion ***vs Klevener = Savagnin Rosé

242
Q

Name 2 vintages in which Trimbach produced a VT Clos St Hune

A

1959, 1983, 1989 (“Hors Choix” ), 1997, 2007

243
Q

What grapes are permitted for Cotes du Jura AOC “Vin de Paille”?

A

CdJ: Savagnin, CH, Poulard, Trousseau

244
Q

What grapes are permitted under L’Etoile AOC?

A

CH, Savagnin + Poulsard
“Principal Varieties: Min. 80% Combined Chardonnay and/or Savagnin
Accessory Variety: Poulsard
Vin de Paille: Chardonnay, Savagnin, Poulsard
Vin Jaune: 100% Savagnin”

245
Q

Regional IGP for Savoie

Dep IGP for Jura?

A

Comtés-Rhodanien IGP

Franche-Comté IGP

246
Q

“VITI” quality wines from Ticino must be made from what grape?

A

VITI: Merlot ***Nostrano del Ticino: Bondola

247
Q

In what canton will you find the “1er Grand Cru” being used?

A

Vaud; Grapes: Chasselas & Gamay / PN / MRT

248
Q

What is Vin de Glacier? Where is it produced? What’s the grape?

A

DRY / unfortified / oxidative wine made via solera; Valais; Reze - Il Perpetuo of Switzerland!

249
Q

In what year does the # of Alsace GCs jump from 25 to 50?

A

1992

250
Q

What are the exceptions to the 100% listed varietal rule of Alsace AOP?

A
  1. “Pinot Blanc” can contain up to 100% Auxerrois; 2. “Pinot” whites can contain any member of the Pinot family (including PN vinified as a WW)
251
Q

Where is Lake Bienne & Lake Morat?

A

Neuchatel (Switzerland)

252
Q

Schlossberg is the only Alsace GC until what year?

A

1983 (24 added)

253
Q

Grape of Ayze?

A

Gringet

254
Q

What is the Charte de Grain Noble Confidenciel? Where is it used? Name 2 requirements

A

Sweet W wines from Valais; A) min 130 Oechsle B) min 1 yr wood C) min 15 y.o. vines D) No Chaptalization

255
Q

In what Swiss canton is the “La Béroche” subregion located?

A

Neuchatel

256
Q

2 GCs for Muscat

A

Goldert, Hatchbourg

257
Q

What style of wine is Oeil de Perdrix? Blanc de Perdrix?

A

a) saignée rosé from 100% PN b) still W wine from 100% PN

258
Q

There are ___ GCs of Alsace.

A

51

259
Q

What is true about oak aging under Alsace AOC?

A

New oak / barrique character

260
Q

1st vintage of Clos St Hune

A

1919

261
Q

Name the producer for the following CPCs
Casa Sala
La Pleta
La Capella

A

Freixenet “Casa Sala”
Codorníu “La Pleta”
Juve y Camps “La Capella”

262
Q

Soil of Grand & Petite Champagne

A

LS & Chalk

263
Q

Max % alcohol of Cognac after 2nd distillation

A

Max 72.4% after 2nd distillation (bottled @ min 40% abv)

264
Q

Alcohol min & max for Armagnac after distillation

A

Min 52% - max 72% (vs max 72.4% Cognac)

265
Q

Who produces the 1st VSOP / XO

A

Hennessy

266
Q

What are congeners? Which as more congeners - Armaganc or Cognac?

A

Impurities such as aldehydes, esthers, polyphenols that are a biproduct of fermentation or distillation; Armagnac (the more you distill, the more congeners you remove)

267
Q

Most-densely planted region of Cognac? #1 hauv?

A

Most-densely planted: Borderies **also smallest
#1 HAUV: Fins Bois
**most production takes place in Gr Champ / P Champ / Borderies

268
Q

All Armagnacs must age for a minimum how long?

A

1 yr (VS: 1-3)

269
Q

Why is it uncommon for a vintage Armagnac to be diluted?

A

100% vintage + 10 years aging = alcohol decreases naturally

270
Q

What are 2 reasons old Cognacs / Armagnacs age in demi-johns after oak aging?

A

1) so abv doesn’t go b/l 40%

2) so it doesn’t take on bitter woody flavors

271
Q

Minimum aging for Calvados Domfrontais AOC

A

min 3 yrs (no VS!)

272
Q

“Lambig” is produced under what AOC?

A

(Calva from Brittnay) EDV de Cidre de Bretange AOC

273
Q

Kirsch de Fougerolles AOC is made from a distillate of what fruit?

A

Red & black cherries

274
Q

How long does Calvados “VO” have to age for?

A

youngest part of blend must be a min 4 y.o.

275
Q

What is the “bonne chauffe”?

A

2nd distillation of Cognac (aka distillation of the brouillis)

276
Q

What does “Produit Fermier” indicate on a bottle of Calvados?

A

(Estate Bottled); A) produced B) aged C) bottled on the estate where fruit was harvested / fermented

277
Q

Calvados AOC can contain up to what % perry?

A

0-100%

278
Q

What region of Armagnac is known for its sandy soils?

A

Bas-Armagnac AOC (Boulbènes & Fawn Sands)

279
Q

What is a chai?

A

Where Armagnac is aged (maitre de chai is a master taster who blends aged Armagnac) ***Armagnac’s version of a paradis!!!

280
Q

Name the only AOC for brandy aside from Cognac & Armagnac

A

Fine de Bourgogne AOC

281
Q

Vintage on a bottle of Cognac / Armagnac refers to what?

A

Year of harvest (not distillation)

282
Q

Special name of still used in Cognac

A

Copper charentais (pot still)

283
Q

What is slivovitz? Where is it from?

A

Yellow plum brandy (Eastern / Central Europe)

284
Q

What is Orujo?

A

Spanish pomace spirit (Spanish grappa)

285
Q

Folle Blanche is a synonym of what grape?

A

Picpoul

286
Q

Most-planted W grape of Portugal

A

Fernao Pires (called Maria Gomes in Bairrada)

287
Q

What does VOS / VORS stand for? What does it indicate?

A

VOS (Very Old Sherry): bottling avg 20 yrs

VORS (Very Old Rare Sh): bottling avg 30 yrs

288
Q

Which of the following have or have not been affected by phylloxera? Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores

A

No phyllo on Canary Islands! Madeira & Azores both ravaged by phyllo ***all 3 have volcanic soils ❤️

289
Q

What are 3 brands owned by SoGrape?

A

Barca Velha, Mateus, Sandemans

290
Q

How is Carcavelos made?

A

1) fermented dry 2) fortified 3) sweetened w/ Vinho Abafado

291
Q

Top DOP for sparkling wine in Portugal

A

Tavora Varosa DOP

292
Q

What is “vinho leve”?

A

Light wine (< 10% abv)

293
Q

What red grape is planted on the sandy soils of Colares?

A

Ramisco

294
Q

What styles of wine are produced under Pico DOP?

A

W / W Sparkling / W Fortified ***all 3 DOPs same styles

295
Q

Riserva & Colheita Seleccionado mean what on a bottle of Portuguese wine?

A

Riserva / Seleccionada: >.5% abv

Colheita Seleccionada: >1% abv

296
Q

What are the grapes of Setubal?

A

W: Moscatel Graudo (M of Alex)
R: Moscatel Roxo

297
Q

What style of beverage is Pajarete?

A

VDL / VDN from Malaga with no addition of arrope or pantomima

298
Q

What is vino Maestro & Vino Tierno?

A

Both sweet, fortified wines from Malaga
Maestro: VDL from fresh grapes
Tierno: from sunned grapes

299
Q

What is pantomima?

A

Concentrated grape must (less-concentrated than arrope; used to sweeten fortified wines of Malaga)

300
Q

Tierra de Leon gains DO in 2007 for what grape?

A

Prieto Picudo (R)

301
Q

What are the soils of Jerez?

A

Arenas, Barros, Albariza

302
Q

Spain’s hottest region

A

Jerez

303
Q

What does “Joven” indicate on a bottle of Spanish wine?

A

Unoaked

304
Q

What is yeso as it relates to Sherry production? What 2 steps in the Sherry production process eliminates its use?

A

a) Yeso is a plaster that is added to grapes to aid w/ clarification, and when cream of tartar also added, tartaric acid was produced b) Addition of Tartaric Acid & Desfungado (racking)

305
Q

What Cava grape adds florality? Acidity?

A

Floral: Paralleda
Acid: Macabeo

306
Q

Grapes permitted under Cava DO

A

X / P / M; Subirat (Malvasia), CH

Grenache, Monastrell, PN, Trepat

307
Q

What mtns separate Rioja from Ribeira del Duero?

A

Sierra de la Domanda

308
Q

What are the DOs of Valencia?

A

Valencia DO
Utiel Requena DO
Alicante DO

309
Q

Soil of Bierzo

A

Granite & Slate (hillsides) ***same as Ribeira Sacra

310
Q

Name for Valdeorras wines that are composed of 85% principal grapes; Ribeiro?

A

Valdeorras: “Castes Nobles”; Ribeiro: “Castes”

311
Q

What are the 4 recommended white grapes of Rias Baixas?

A

Albarino, Loureira, Treixadura, Caina Blanca

312
Q

Vega de Ribes & Saint Joan de Baptista are producers of what?

A

Malvasia de Sitges (Penedes)

313
Q

Authorized R grapes of Bierzo

A

Mencia, Garnacha Tintorera, Esaldiña, Merenzao (Trousseau)

314
Q

For wine to be labeled “Vinyes Velles” or “Old Vines” (in Priorat) how old must they be?

A

min 75 y.o. (or planted b/f 1945)

315
Q

Min vine age for Vi de Villa? Gran Vinya Classificada?

A

Vino de Sub-Zona; Vi de Villa (now “Vi de Finca”) 10 y.o.; Vi de Paraje (L-D) 15 y.o.; Vinya Classificada 20 y.o.; Gran Vinya Classificada 35 y.o.

316
Q

Guímaro & D do Bibei “Lalama” are producers in what DO?

A

Ribeira Sacra DO

317
Q

1st TM of Spain in what century?

A

1872; vs 1961 Guido Berlucchi

318
Q

Who is the 1st to bring intl grapes to Rioja & in what decade?

A

M de Riscal; 1960s (E Peynaud)

319
Q

Mtns N & S of Ribeira del Duero

A

(N): Sierra de la Domanda; (S): Sierra de Guadarrama

320
Q

Where are the Moncayo Mtns?

A

Campo de Borja

321
Q

1st DO of Castilla y Leon; what year?

A

Rueda (1980)

322
Q

T or F: blending is permitted for Cava

A

FALSE (it is permitted for Franciac & Champ)

323
Q

Only Vino Pago of Aragon

A

Ayles

324
Q

Name 3 DOs on Tenerife

A

N: Tacoronte-Acentejo DO, Valle de la Orotava DO, Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO
S: Abona DO, Valle de Guimar

325
Q

1st modern (post-phylloxera) Priorat vintage; by whom?

A

1974, Scala Dei

326
Q

1-producing DO of Spain

A

Rioja

327
Q

Name 3 grapes permitted for Rias Baixas R

A

Cainto Tinto, Espadeira, Sousón, Loureira Tinta

328
Q

1st V of Rioja VEC

A

2017

329
Q

“Rueda W” contains ___ % of what grape / grapes

A

Min 50% Verdejo / SAUVIGNON BLANC ***recently added

330
Q

What is “vimblanc” and where will you find it?

A

VDL from overripe grapes (Catalunia); Montsant: 100% Xarel-lo & Tarragona

331
Q

Term for Rueda wine fermented in oak for a min 3 months

A

Fermentado en Barrica

332
Q

Authorized W grapes of Rioja

A

Viura, Verdejo, CH, SB, Gren Bl, Temp Bl, Maturana Bl, Malvasía, Turruntés

333
Q

Name the producers of the following cuvees:
“La Capella”
“Turo d’en Mota”
“Enoteca”

A

Juve y Camps “La Capella” (CPC)
Recaredo “Turo d’en Mota” (SV, 100% Xarel-lo, 120 months lees)
Gramona “Enoteca”

334
Q

Luis Rodriguez & Emilio Rojo call what region home?

A

Ribeiro DO (Galicia)

335
Q

Name 3 Vi de Villa (now Vi de Finca) of Priorat

A

Escaladei, Gratallops, La Morera de Montsant, Porrera, Poboleda, El Loar, Bellmunt…

336
Q

Name 2 white grapes permitted in Priorat blanco

A

P / X / M; Grenache Blanc, MBaPG / MofAlex; Viognier, Chenin Blanc, Picapoll

337
Q

Where will you find xabre soils? What are they?

A

Rias Baixas (espp Condado do Tea); decomposed granite

338
Q

What mountain range separates Castilla y Leon from Madrid to the S?

A

Sistema Central

339
Q

What styles of wine are permitted under the Txakolina DOs of Pais Vasco?

A

W / Rose (“Ojo de Gallo”) / R; VT & Espumoso

340
Q

Wine styles permitted under Rias Baixas

A

W / R; Espumoso

341
Q

What mountain range separates Castilla-La Mancha from Andalucia?

A

Sierra Morena

342
Q

Tierra de Leon gains DO in 2007 for what grape?

A

Prieto Picudo (R)

343
Q

Name 2 members of Corpinnat

A

Recaredo, Gramona, Mas Candi

344
Q

What is the blend of Vega Sicilia “Unico”?

A

80/20 Tempranillo / CS

345
Q

Name the 3 unofficial areas of Penedes DO

A

P Superieur; P Central; P Maritim

346
Q

What 2 Cava producers account for 75% of Cava DO’s production

A

Codorníu & Freixenet

347
Q

What are the top 3 most-planted grapes of Spain

A

1) Airen 2) Tempranillo 3) Bobal

348
Q

Which wines under Cava DO must be certified organic?

A

Cava de Guarda Superior (Rsva, Gr Rsva, CPC)

349
Q

Styles of wine produced under Rueda DO

A

W / Rose / R; W Espumoso / Ro Espumoso; Dorado & Palido

350
Q

In what decades does French winemaking arrive in Spain?

A

1860s-1880s

351
Q

3 reqs for Cava de Pajora Calificado

A 
HH
VINTAGE
Max Brut
Min 10 y.o. vines
Owned or long-term contracted vineyard
From a single site
352
Q

1st DO Pago; what DO is it located in?

A

Dominio de Valdepusa (Marques de Grignon); Mentrida DO

353
Q

What is desfungato?

A

Racking

354
Q

1st vintage and blend of l’Ermita; what is it classified as?

A

1993; 90% Grenache (+ CS / Samsò); Gran Vinya Classificada (2017)

355
Q

What is the term for Ruedo wines made from 30 y.o. vines?

A

Gran Vino de Rueda

356
Q

Contraversial aspect of Rioja’s site-based classification system

A

Wine needs to be produced / bottled aged w/i muni / zona ***think F Chidaine & Vouvray!

357
Q

Telmo Rodriguez brings what Rioja winery to fame?

A

Remelluri; also proponent behind the site-based classifcation of Rioja

358
Q

Min % fruit from Rioja wines labeled “V do Municipio” / “V de Zona”

A

min 85% (max 15% fruit from neighboring muni / zona if 10 yr history)

359
Q

What autonomias of Southern Spain produce Cava?

A

Valencia (Utiel Requena), Extremadura (Ribera del Guadiana DO)

360
Q

Spain claims how many autonomias? What are the only autonomias without DO wine production?

A

17; Asturias & Cantabria

361
Q

What is Tinta de Madrid?

A

Tempranillo synonym (also Cencibel)

362
Q

In what decade does Marques de Riscal rejuvinate Rueda DO? With help of whom?

A

1970s; Emile Peynaud

363
Q

Autonomia for the Arga River

A

Navarra

364
Q

What is the top grape of Alella DO?

A

Pansa Blanca (xarrllo)

365
Q

What does “Cosecha” indicate on a bottle of Spanish wine?

A

A wine that does not abide by defined aging specifications but meets or exceeds classification reqs

366
Q

In what year does Vega Sicilia move to 100% Estate bottling / 100% Estate fruit?

A

1982 ***yr Alvarez family purchases & same year RdD gains DO!

367
Q

What is the most-planted R grape of Priorat?

A

Carignan!!!!!!! (Jancis-confirmed) NOT GRENACHE

368
Q

Prieto Picudo is a native grape to what Spanish DO? What color?

A

Tierra de Leon DO (RED)

369
Q

What is Spain’s largest autonomía?

A

Castilla y Leon :)

370
Q

Describe licorella soils

A

Black slate & quartzite

371
Q

2 tributaries of the Ebro R

A

Iregura R & Tiron R

372
Q

2 reqs for Vino Pagos

A
  1. International Reputation 2. 10 yrs quality production
373
Q

1st commercial winery of Rioja

A

Marques de Murrieta (1852) ***Lopez de Heredia not founded until 1870s; Vega Sicilia in 1860s

374
Q

What is Spain’s highest peak?

A

Mt Teide (Tenerife)

375
Q

Top 2 volume-producing PDOs of Spain

A
  1. Rioja, 2. Ribeiro del Duero!
376
Q

DO for Guimaro & Dominio do Bibei? Pittacum & Dominio de Tarres?

A

Ribeira Sacra: Guimaro, Dominio do Bibei

Bierzo: Pittacum, Dominio de Tares

377
Q

Only DO of Galicia that permits still rosé

A

Ribeira Sacra ***BIERZO IN CASTILLA Y LEON

378
Q

DO for the Umia River

A

Rias Baixas - Val do Salnes!

379
Q

River of Bierzo

A

Sill R

380
Q

Village wines of Rueda DO are called what?

A

Vino de Pueblo

381
Q

What does “txaokli” translate to?

A

Farm wine

382
Q

Drip irrigation introduced to Spain when?

A

1995 Marques de Grignon (Dominio de Valdepusa)

383
Q

What does lagrima indicate on a bottle of port?

A

Sweetest style of white Port

384
Q

What are 3 types of port that develop in the bottle?

A

Vintage Port, Crusted Port, LBV “Envelhecido em Garrafa”

385
Q

How long does Colheita Port have to age in cask?

A

7 years

386
Q

What do the 2 dates on a bottle of Colheita Port indicate?

A

1) harvest 2) year bottled

387
Q

Which grapes of Madeira ferment on the skins? Why?

A

Boal & Malmsey (harvested 1st & fermented on skins); phenolics from skin contact balance sweetness in wine

388
Q

What is Madeira’s largest production company?

A

Justino’s ***Henriques & Henriques largest independent producer

389
Q

What are the grapes of Madeira and their associated sweetness levels?

A

Sercial: Extra Dry / Dry: 0-1.5
Verdelho: Med Dry: 1.5-2.5
Boal: Med Sweet: 2.5-3.5
Malmsey: Sweet: min 3.5

390
Q

Tinta Negra is permitted on labels of Madeira from what vintage on?

A

2015

391
Q

What is the minimum % stated grape on a bottle of Madeira?

A

85% if NV

100% if V

392
Q

Is LBV a ruby or a tawny port?

A

RUBY

393
Q

Blandy’s & Cossart Gordon are examples of what?

Madeira Wine Co is an example of what?

A

Shipping Companies

Production Company

394
Q

2 benefits of V ao Alto

A

> sun, mechanizeable

395
Q

3 producers of Brandy de Jerez; what are the aging reqs?

A 
Osborne, Lustau, Gonzalez Byass
Solera: 6 mo, Rsv: 1 yr, Gr Rsv: 3 yrs
Reposado: min 2 mo
Anejo: min 2 yr
Extra A: min 3 yrs
396
Q

Maximum aging for a Madeira labeled “Finest”, “Choice” or “Select”

A

Same as Seleccionado, so min 3-max 5yrs

397
Q

The “Primera Yema”makes up what % of the Mosto de Yema?

A

Primera Yema: 60-70% Mosto de Yema

398
Q

What does “En Rama” mean?

A

“Raw”/Unfiltered Sherry; i.e. Tio Pepe “En Rama” (Gonzalaz Byass)

399
Q

What is Manzanilla Pasada?

A

Fino-Amontillado

400
Q

What are two vino de colors used in the production of sherry?

A

Sancocho & Arrope ***in Malaga: Pantomima & Arrope

401
Q

Name the categories of sobretablas & wines they will b/c

A
  1. Palma: flor has flourished - will b/c Fino; 2. Palma Cortada: robust fino - may b/c Amontillado; 3. Palo Cortado: flor present but may be directed to oxidative aging b/c of richness; 4. Raya: flor dies - will b/c Oloroso; 5. Dos Rayas: flor dies but low quality - sweetened for low quality sherry or sherry vinegar
402
Q

How do Albariza soils regulate water?

A

Moisture retention, friable soils (vines can dig deep to access); Albariza, a chalky, porous, limestone-rich soil of brilliant white color, produces the best Sherry. The moisture-retentive albariza retains water from autumn and winter rains, while the friable soil structure allows vine roots to penetrate deeply in a search for water trapped beneath its baked, impermeable surface during the arid growing season

403
Q

In what century do the Portuguese discover Madeira?

A

15th ce (1419)

404
Q

What is “Desfangado” & when does it take place in the production of Sherry?

A

Racking - BEFORE fermentation (to remove thickest solids b/f must is fermented) ***think Champagne

405
Q

Base wines entered into the cabeceo for the production of generoso de liqueuer must have a minimum what % abv?

A

17.50%

406
Q

When does IVDP assume regulatory powers of Porto/Douro DOP

A

2003

407
Q

Flor consumes what 3 things? What does it produce?

A

A) Alcohol B) Glycerine C) Oxygen D) VA; produces Acetaldehyde

408
Q

Colheita Madeira elevage

A

min 5 yrs aging b/f bottling

409
Q

In what down do the British find Port being fortified by Cistercian monks? In what decade?

A

Lamego; 1678 (keep in mind that English look to Portugal in the 17th century due to English trade wars with France

410
Q

What river separates Jerez from Condado de Huelva?

A

Guadalquivir R

411
Q

Describe the geographical boundaries between Jerez DO & Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO

A

SAME geo boundaries - grapes for Manzanilla can come from anywhere in the Jerez DO - only difference is that Manzanilla de SLDB must be aged in the town of SLDBM

412
Q

Flor Recipe (4)

A
  1. absence of fermentable sugars
  2. 15-15.5% abv
  3. humidity
  4. 60-70* abv
413
Q

Minimum aging for Sherry

A

min 2 yrs solera (3 yrs b/f 2010)

414
Q

What is Manzanilla Pasada?

A

Fino-Amontillado

415
Q

Who is regarded as the father of the French natural wine movement?

A

Jules Chauvet

416
Q

What does “CMD” indiciate on bottle of Romanian wine?

A

Wine from fully ripe grapes

417
Q

Who produces Bacharach Wolfshohle?

A

Ratzenberger

418
Q

In what decade does Phylloxera hit California after attacking UCD’s AXR1 rootstock?

A

1986

419
Q

2 levels of quality in Uruguay

A

VC & VCP (Vino de Calididad Preferiente)

420
Q

What is schaumwein?

A

Sparkling wine from Ge

421
Q

Olivier Horiot produces wine under what AOC / is a producer located in which village?

A

Les Riceys

422
Q

Name 3 Champagne bottlings from the Ambonnay GC

A

a) Egly Ouriet “Les Crayeres” (BdN), b) Krug “Clos d’Ambonnay” (BdN), c) Cuvée Laetitia (Henri Billiot), d) Jacques Selosse “Le Bout du Clos” (blend)

423
Q

What 3 white grapes may be produced under Monts Luisants 1er cru?

A

CH, PB, Aligote

424
Q

Where is the Adrianna Vineyard? Where is Altamira?

A

a) Adrianna V: Gualtallary within Tupungato IG b) Altamira: La Consulta IG (w/i San Carlos)

425
Q

What treatments are used to combat Oidium? What about Perenospera?

A

Oidium (Powder Mildew): sulfur; Perenospera (Downy Mildew): BDX mixture (copper-sulfate & lime)

426
Q

What DOCG sits in the foothills of the Iblei Mountains?

A

Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

427
Q

What are the grapes of a wine labeled Rias Baixas “O Rosal”? What percent?

A

Loureira & Albarino; 70% combined

428
Q

What DOCG lies within the Valle dell’Acate?

A

Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

429
Q

1st vintage of Chx Le Pin

A

1979 ***same as Clos du Mesnil

430
Q

RS range Demi-Sec ChMpGne

A

32-50

431
Q

Who owns Clos des Epeneaux?

A

Comte Armand

432
Q

Warmest & coolest Central Otago sub-region

A

a) Warmest: Bendigo b) Coolest: Gibbston

433
Q

2nd-most planted grape of Priorat

A

Carignan ***Grenache #1

434
Q

Forst Ross Seaview min elevation; Ribbon Ridge? Rockpile?

A

FRSV: 920ft; Ribbon Ridge: 240ft; Rockpile: 800ft

435
Q

Who produces “Les Grandes vin des Prince”?

A

De Venoge TdC (Champagne)

436
Q

What was the 1st vintage of Alvaro Palacios’ “L’Ermita”? What is the blend? What is it labeled under?

A

a) 1993 (same as Ca di Morissio) b) 90% Grenache + Samso / W (Cab Sauv no longer included) c) Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada

437
Q

Who owns the Gaisbohl vineyard? Where is it?

A

a) Burklin Wolf alleinbesitz b) (Pfalz) Ruppertsberger Gaisbohl

438
Q

Name the only spirit that is mandated by law to be bottled at distillation strength

A

Peruvian Pisco (no dilution permitted)

439
Q

Name the 2 newest AVAs of Willamette Valley

A

Tualatin Hills & Laurelwood

440
Q

When is Bleus de Ville outlawed? (Decade)

A

1999

441
Q

What is a Marzen?

A

Oktoberfest from Bavaria

442
Q

Mt Athos vineyard is planted to what red grape?

A

Cab Sauv

443
Q

What are the secondary white grapes of BDX?

A

Colombard, Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc

444
Q

What is the most planted varietal in Sonoma?

A

Chardonnay

445
Q

What is vorlese?

A

Pre-harvest b/f main harvest to eliminate rotten / deffective bunches

446
Q

Min RS for VDN Moscatel Sherry

A

min 160 g/l RS

447
Q

What is the main goal of Oregon’s Dry Roots Coalition?

A

Dry-farming / no irrigation

448
Q

For how long must Rhum Agricole XO age in barrel?

A

6 yrs

449
Q

Chateau Raymond-Lafon is a producer in what region?

A

Sauternes (unclassified)

450
Q

Name 3 coopers of French oak

A

Seguin Moreau, Taransaud, Francois Frères

451
Q

Name 3 Condrieu lieu’s-dits

A

Chanson, Coteau de Vernon, Les Chaillees de L’Enfer & Coteau du Chery are lieux-dits of what AOC?

452
Q

What does Amabile mean? What is the RS range?

A

Semi-Sweet (12 / 18 - 45 g/l RS) ***aka Moelleux

453
Q

UCD 4 & UCD 5 are examples of what?

A

Pommard clones

454
Q

Max yields for Pauillac

A

57 hl/ha

455
Q

Who produces the Cordon Cut Riesling

A

Mt Horrocks; cut 1/2 the cordon off and let vines dry (passerillage); sweet dessert wine

456
Q

Name 3 Pisco grapes used in Pisco Aromatica

A

Albilla, Italia, Moscatel, Torontel

457
Q

Bonnes Mares is adjacent to what GC?

A

Clos de Tart

458
Q

Morgon rouge can include up to what % white wine?

A

Max 15%

459
Q

2 highest class of STK

A

Grosse Ried & Erste Ried (sub-categories w/i Riedenwein category)

460
Q

What was the first legally-protected winegrowing area in NZ?

A

Te Mata Special Character Zone (home to the Havelock Hills in Havelock N)

461
Q

3 producers of Preuses

A

Chablisienne (makes every GC); Dauvissat, Patrick Piuze, Fèvre

462
Q

What organizational body administers the Wine of Origin Scheme?

A

SAWIS (SA Wine Info & Systems)

463
Q

What 2 districts were previous wards of Paarl?

A

Franschhoek, Wellington

464
Q

Where is the Shake Ridge Ranch vineyard?

A

Sierra Foothills (Amador Co)

465
Q

Which 2 G.I. are located closest to Brisbane?

A

Granite Belt and South Burnett

466
Q

Gols, Apetlon, Andau & Halbturn are villages in which Austrian wine region?

A

Neusiedlersee; ***Gols: major wine town; + Illmitz

467
Q

1st vintage of VT / SGN AOCs in Alsace

A

1984 b/c official

468
Q

Name the 3 single-estate appellations of France

A

Chx Gillet, Coullée de Serrant, Romanée-Conti

469
Q

What is the name of Faiveley’s monopole in Mercury?

A

Clos des Myglands

470
Q

What is the largest co-op in Champagne?

A

Nicolas Feuillatte

471
Q

What happens (chemically) to grapes as they undergo appassimento?

A

a) Tartaric Acid increases b) sugar increases c) polyphenols…https://www.vogadorivini.it/en/appassimento/

472
Q

Define rectification as it pertains to a spirit

A

repeated distillation in a process called rectification to purify spirit

473
Q

Worst vintage of CDP b/w 2005-2010

A

2008 b/c rainy

474
Q

Where is Scarce Earth and what is their mission?

A

a) McLaren Vale; b) NOT a sustainable - they promote single site terroir from varietal Shiraz

475
Q

What is Doble Pasta and why is it used?

A

a) dry, full-bodied, high-alc RED wine macerated & fermented with 2x the amount of grape skins & pulp, resulting in a wine of intense concentration, tannin & color (made in Utiel-Requena, Yecla, Jumilla); made by running off portion of newly-fermented wine & replacing w/ crushed grapes

476
Q

What Scotch Whisky distillery does LVMH own and where is it located?

A

a) Glenmorangie b) Highlands

477
Q

Name the producers that make up Margaret River’s Golden Triangle

A

Leeuwin, Voyager E, Cape Mentelle ***LV’s Cape Mentelle

478
Q

What was the first vintage of Mascarello “Monprivato”? “Ca Morissio”?

A

a) 1970 b) 1993

479
Q

Who was the original Cote Rotie single-vineyard pioneer?

A

Albert Dervieux

480
Q

What GI of Scotland is famous for distilling its whiskies 3 times?

A

Lowlands

481
Q

Orvieto DOC permitted wine styles

A

W only (dry - sweet), VT, Muffa Nobile ***NO SPARKLING

482
Q

Wines just labeled “Asti” are produced using what method?

A

Charmat (2nd fermentation in autoclaves)

483
Q

1st and 2nd parts of column still are called what respectively?

A

1) Analyzer 2) Rectifier

484
Q

In what decade is Phylloxera 1st discovered in France? In what decade does it become legal in Europe to plant vines onto American RS?

A

a) Phyllo: 1860s (1863); b) Legal: 1870s (1878)

485
Q

Sokujo sake

A

Lactic acid added

486
Q

Rust producers - name 2

A

Heidi Schrock, Feiler Artinger, Triebaumer

487
Q

Quarts de Chaume commune of production

A

Rochefort sur Loire

488
Q

Which of Gaja’s 2 bottlings come from the Roncagliette vineyard?

A

Sori Tildin (1970) & Costa Russi

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