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MED 116 CH quizzes > random studying for endocrine ????? > Flashcards

random studying for endocrine ????? Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine system composed of?

A

-ENDOCRINE GLANDS THAT PRODUCE HORMONES INTO THE BLOOD.
-GLANDS ARE SPREADED THROUGHOUT THE BODY.

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2
Q

HOW IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DIFFERENT?

A

NS; ACTS THROUGH ELETRICAL IMPULSES AND NEURONTRANSMITTERS TO CAUSE MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND GLANDULAR SECRETIONS.
- EFFECT IS SHORT, MEASURED IN SECONDS, LOCALIZED.

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3
Q

HOW IS THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DIFFERENT THAN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

-ES; ACTS THROUGH CHEMICAL MESSENGERS CALLED “HORMONES”.
-THESE HORMONES INFLUENCE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT. AND METABOLIC ACTIVIES.
- THE ACTION OF THE ES IS MEASURE IN MINITUES, HOURS, OR WEEKS.

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4
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES OF GLANDS IN THE BODY?

A

-EXOCRINE GLANDS, ENDOCRINE GLANDS

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5
Q

WHAT ARE EXOCRINE GLANDS?

A

-HAVE DUCTS THAT CARRY THEIR PRODUCT TO A SURFACE AND HAVE A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS. SUCH AS SWEAT, SEBACEOUS, AND MAMMARY GLANDS, AND GLANDS THAT PRODUCE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES.

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6
Q

WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE GLANDS?

A

-GLANDS THAT DO NOT HAVE DUCTS TO CARRY THEIR PRODUCT TO A SURFACE.
-DUCTLESS GLANDS

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE SECRETORY PRODUCTS OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS?

A

HORMONES,
-THEY ARE PRODUCED DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOOD,
-AND THEN CARRIED THROUGHOUT THE BODY,
-WHERE THEY INFLUENCE ONLY THOSE CELLS THAT HAVE RECEPTOR SITES FOR THAT HORMONE

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8
Q

WHAT ARE HORMONES CLASSIFED AS?

A

PROTEINS OR STEROIDS.

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9
Q

ALL OF THE HORMONES IN THE HUMAN BODY, EXPECT THE SEX HORMONES AND FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX ARE COMPOSED OF?

A

-PROTEINS OR PROTEIN DERIVATIVES.
- THIS MEANS THEIR BUILDING BLOCKS ARE AMINO ACIDS.

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10
Q

Target tissue

A

all of the cells that have receptor sites for a given hormone.

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11
Q

What is the anterior portion of the pituitary gland called?

A

adenohypophysis

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12
Q

what is the posterior region called of the pituitary gland?

A

neurohypophysis

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13
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Growth Hormone (GH)
what is its function?

A

-Stimulates growth of bones, muscles, and other organs
-By promoting protein synthesis
`

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14
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) function?

A

Causes glandular cells of the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone

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15
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) function

A
  • Reacts with receptor sites in the cortex of adrenal gland
    -To stimulate secretion of cortical hormones (cortisol)
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16
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
Gonadotropic Hormones

A
  • React with receptor sites in the gonads (ovaries and testes)
    -To regulate development, growth, and function of these organs
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17
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis)
-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
function

A

-Stimulates development of eggs in the ovaries and sperm in testes
-Stimulates estrogen production in female

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18
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Gonadtropic hormone function (female)

A

-Causes ovulation
-Causes production and secretion of female sex hormones (Progesterone
Estrogen)

19
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Intersitial cell stimulating hormone

A

-Stimulates interstitial cells of testes to produce and secrete testosterone (male sex hormone)

20
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Prolactin (PRL) function

A

-Promotes development of tissue in female breast during pregnancy
-Stimulates milk production after birth of infant

21
Q

Hormones of the PosteriorLobe (Neurohypophysis) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

-Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules
-Less water is lost as urine
-Conserves water for the body

22
Q

Hormones of the PosteriorLobe (Neurohypophysis) Oxytocin

A

-Causes contraction of smooth muscle in wall of uterus
-Stimulates ejection of milk from lactating breast

23
Q

what is the thyroid gland?

A

-Vascular organ located in the neck
-Consists of two lobes, one on each side of the trachea
-Connected by a narrow band of tissue

24
Q

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine what does this hormone consists of?

A

-Thyroxine: 95%
-Triiodothyronine: 5%
-Requires iodine for synthesis

25
Q

Iodine deficiency:

A

Thyroid cannot make sufficient hormone.

26
Q

function of the Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

A

Help to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

27
Q

function of the calcitoin?

A

Reduces the calcium level in the blood

28
Q

Parathyroid Glands function

A

-Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-Increases blood calcium levels

29
Q

where are the adrenal suprarenal glands located?

A

-Paired glands, one located near upper portion of each kidney
-Divided into regions ; Adrenal cortex: Outer region, Adrenal medulla: Inner region

30
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex ; Mineralocorticoids function’

A

-Regulate blood volume
-Regulate the concentration of mineral electrolytes in the blood

31
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex ( Aldosterone function;

A

Conserves sodium ions and water in the body and eliminates potassium ions

32
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex; Glucocorticoids function

A

-Increases blood glucose levels: Helps to maintain blood glucose levels between meals
- Cortisol: Principal glucocorticoid

33
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex ( Gonadocoritcoids function

A
  • Sex hormones
    Androgens: Male hormones
    Estrogens: Female hormones
    -created in minimal amounts by both sexes
34
Q

what are the hormones of the Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla ?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

35
Q

what is the function of Epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

-these hormones are created in response to stimulation by the sympathetic nerves, during stressful situations.
- prepares body for strenous activity
“flight or fight” hormones.

36
Q

what are the pancreases cell functions?

A

-Alpha cells secrete glucagon
-Beta cells secrete insulin

37
Q

Glucagon and insulin are hormones that regulate what…?

A

blood glucose levels

38
Q

why is glucagon produced?

A

it is a response to low concentrations of glucose in the blood

39
Q

why is insulin produced?

A

it is produced In response to a high concentration of glucose in blood

40
Q

what is the action of insulin?

A

Decreases blood glucose level

41
Q

what are hormones do ovaries produce?

A

-estrogen, development of female sex characterizes

42
Q

what are some of the functions of the pineal gland?

A

-regulation of circadian rhythms (sleepiness/wakefulness)
-Plays a role in hunger/satiety cycles, mood changes
-acts on the hypothalamus, promotes gonadotropin releasing hormone.

43
Q

what does the thymus gland produce?

A

-thymosin, assists in the development of certain blood cells that help to protect the body against foreign organisms.
-Play an important role in the body’s immune mechanism

MED 116 CH quizzes (6 decks)

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