Random/Review Questions Flashcards
The cranial drawer test is used in the diagnosis of injury to what body part?
a. Hip joint
b. Stifle
c. Temporomandibular joint
d. Carpus
e. Hock
a. Stifle
Cranial drawer test is used in the diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture in the stifle joint.
Which animal normally has cloudy urine and why?
a. Ferrets, high mucus concentration
b. Pigs, magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals
c. Horses, calcium carbonate crystals
d. Cats, struvite crystals.
e. Cloudy urine is abnormal in all species.
c. Horses, calcium carbonate crystals
Normal horse and rabbit urine have high concentrations of calcium carbonate crystals and mucus in their urine.
Which one of the following problems is often associated with gastric dilation/volvulus in dogs?
a. Epigloic foramen entrapment
b. Spondylosis deformans
c. Persistent right aortic arch
d. Splenic torsion
e. Diaphragmatic hernia
d. Splenic torsion
Splenic torsion may occur concomitantly with GDV.
If a dog has a neurologic problem and she is adducting her front legs, what is she doing with them?
a. Towards the right ear
b. Towards the top line
c. Moving legs inward, towards the midline
d. Moving legs outward, away from the midline
e. Away from the left side.
c. Moving legs inward, towards the midline
ADDuct means moving a limb TOWARDS the midline.
ABduct means movement of the a limb AWAY form the midline.
What does it mean if a cow is multiparous?
a. Has been pregnant, then aborted
b. Pregnant with twins
c. Is a twin and other animal is male
d. Has given birth more than once
e. Bred multiple times but not become pregnant
d. Has given birth more than once
Which commonly used anesthetic circuit is made up of a tube within a tube?
a. Semi-closed circle system
b. Closed circle system
c. Universal Y circuit
d. Bain system
e. Open system
d. Bain system
Bain system is a tube within a tube.
New O2 and gas is inhaled through the inner tube and exhaled gas exits through the outer tube.
A vet prescribed a cockatoo 10mg of amoxicillin, s.i.d. PO for 10 days. How often does the bird get the medicine each day? By what route?
a. 3 X daily, intravenous
b. Once daily, by mouth
c. 4 X daily, in the eye
d. As needed, intramuscular
e. 2 X daily, under the skin
b. Once daily, by mouth
Which term best describes inflammation of the testicle?
a. Phlebitis
b. Chemosis
c. Orchitis
d. Phimosis
e. Cryptorchid
c. Orchitis
Phlebitis - inflammation of the veins
Cryptorchid - undescended testicle
Phimosis - where the penis cannot be extruded because of a constricted preputial orifice.
Chemosis - is swelling of the conjunctiva of the eye, due to allergic reactions or trauma.
What is the effect of a high-ratio grid on an x-ray exposure?
a. Darker x-rays
b. Fewer x-rays reach the film
c. Loss of film resolution
d. Less mAs needed
e. More x-rays pass through to the animal
b. Fewer x-rays reach the film
The grid is like a focusing lens of a camera. A high-ratio grind prevents fewer x-rays to pass through the animal but you get a higher resolution radiograph.
What kind of tissue causes the most x-ray scatter?
a. Thin body parts
b. Joints 8 cm thick or less
c. Thick body parts
d. Delicate bone like nasal area
c. Thick body parts
Which blood parasite is typically characterized by the presence of ring forms?
a. Plasmodium
b. Leishmania
c. Babesia
d. Trypanosoma
a. Plasmodium
Babesia - paired piriform (tear shaped) merozoites in erythrocytes.
Leishmania - amastigote form (oval shaped)
Trypanosoma - trypanosome form (spindle shaped)
What is the danger of placing your gloved hands below the waist level while in the operating room after using the closed gloving technique?
a. Gloves might tear
b. Potential contamination of the sterile area
c. Causing discomfort to the patient
d. Accelerate fatigue of the hands
b. Potential contamination of the sterile area
Sterile gloves should be kept in the sterile area. Below the shoulders to the waist or table level in front of the body.
What is the main purpose of a Hohmann retractor in orthopedic surgery?
a. To move tissue away from the bone for better visibility
b. To close incisions after surgery
c. To cut through bone during surgery
d. To hold together broken bone pieces
a. To move tissue away from the bone for better visibility
Hohmann retractor is a handheld surgical instrument primarily used in orthopedic surgeries to move tissue away from bone for better visibility.
What is the common route of fluid administration in large animal patients?
a. Intramedullary
b. Intramuscular
c. Intravenous
d. Subcutaneous
c. Intravenous
IV fluids is most commonly used for fastest relief, shock, and other emergencies.
What particular challenges make anesthesia in equine patients difficult in comparison to other common veterinary patients?
a. High risk of allergic reactions and quick metabolism of anesthesia
b. Aggressive behavior and sensitivity to medication
c. Strong resistance to anesthesia and quick recovery
d. Large patient size and high potential for hypoxemia, hypotension, and hypoventilation.
d. Large patient size and high potential for hypoxemia, hypotension, and hypoventilation.
Equine patients are at high risk for hypoxemia, hypotension, and hypoventilation during the maintenance phase of anesthesia.
What is the primary disadvantage associated with using a nonrebreathing circuit for the administration of anesthesia?
a. Delayed onset of anesthesia
b. Increased resistance to breathing
c. Difficulty in cleaning
d. Increased use of oxygen and anesthetic.
d. Increased use of oxygen and anesthetic.
Nonrebreathing systems require high fresh gas flow rates, which result in an increase use of oxygen and anesthetic.
What is the primary role of Electrocoagulation in hemostasis?
a. To dilute blood
b. To remove clot
c. To increase bleeding
d. To cause clotting by inducing tissue protein denaturation.
d. To cause clotting by inducing tissue protein denaturation.
Electrocoagulation is a procedure that uses heat from an electric current to destroy abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or other lesion. It may also be used to control bleeding during surgery or after an injury. The electric current passes through an electrode that is placed on or near the tissue
Which is NOT a common symptom of laryngeal paralysis?
a. Postural adaptations of dyspnea
b. Distress with inspiration
c. Repetitive sneezing
d. Noisy breathing
c. Repetitive sneezing
Under anesthesia, why is vomiting a risk for most animals?
a. It can cause immediate cardiac arrest
b. It can lead to aspiration pneumonia
c. It can lead to ulcers in the stomach
d. It can cause renal failure
b. It can lead to aspiration pneumonia
Which of the following is not a typical component of a comprehensive veterinary pain management plan?
a. Pharmacologic pain control
b. Physical rehabilitation
c. Client education
d. Excessive restriction of physical activity
d. Excessive restriction of physical activity
Movement can help reduce stiffness, build strength, and improve overall welfare.
What is the correct way to pick up a rabbit to avoid causing harm or inducing stress?
a. Picking them up by their tail
b. Lifting them by their hind legs only
c. Supporting their hindquarters while holding the scruff of their neck.
d. Holding only their ears.
c. Supporting their hindquarters while holding the scruff of their neck.
Supporting their hindquarters is important to avoid spine injury. Lift by scruff of their neck is also important to maintain control.
What is the main purpose of quality control in relation to laboratory machine calibration in a vet clinic?
a. To ensure accuracy and consistency of test results
b. To comply with laboratory decoration standards
c. To attract more clients to the clinic
d. To reduce the cost of veterinary care
a. To ensure accuracy and consistency of test results
What is the first phase of the nociception process?
a. Modulation
b. Perception
c. Transmission
d. Transduction
d. Transduction
Nociception process = the body’s response to painful stimuli, occurs in four stages: Transduction, Transmission, Modulation, and Perception.
1) Transduction - tissue injury triggers the release of chemicals that stimulate the nociceptors (special nerve endings).
What is the most common treatment for acute laminitis in horses?
a. NSAIDs
b. Splint application
c. Strict bed rest
d. Corticosteroids
a. NSAIDs
NSAIDs help control pain and reduce inflammation in the laminae (the tissues that connect the hoof wall to the bone).