Random Repeats

Question 1

name the 3 origins of organic medicinal chemicals

Answer 1

1. Natural products
2. Synthetics based on natural products
3. synthetics

Question 2

name 6 examples of natural products that are medicinal chemicals

Answer 2

atropine
morphine
quinine
cardiac glycosides
antibiotics
insulin

Question 3

name 4 examples of synthetics based on natural products

Answer 3

procaine —– cocaine was lead compound
sympathomimetics
prostaglandins
antispasmodics — atropine was lead compound for some

Question 4

name 7 examples of drugs obtained by PURE SYNTHESIS

Answer 4

aspirin
acetaminophin
captopril
ethambutol
atoxyl (bioreduced to arsenoxide)
salvarsan (biooxidated to arsenoxide)
protonsil (biorediced to sulfanilamide)

Question 5

compare neosalvarsan and salvarsan

Answer 5

neosalvarsan is better as a drug because it has more suitable solubility

Question 6

name 7 specific compounds that are transported through the cell membrane through an ACTIVE absorption process

Answer 6

natural dietary components/cellular metabolites such as: vitamins, amino acids, an sugars

drugs RESEMBLING normal metabolic precursors/intermediates: methyldopa, 5-fluorouracil, penicillamine, levodopa

Question 7

name 3 ways in which active passage differs from passive diffusion

Answer 7

-transport of drug occurs AGAINST concentration gradient
-transport mechanism can be SATURATED at a high drug concentration
-there may be competition among similar structures

Question 8

how are things transported in active passage?

Answer 8

involves a CARRIER SYSTEM like enzymes, amino acids, or Na+/K+ ions

Question 9

which transport mechanism can NOT be saturated at a high drug concentration – passive or active?

Answer 9

passive

Question 10

competition only exists in active or passive transport?

Answer 10

active

Question 11

true or false

drug-protein binding is the same or more specific than drug-receptor binding

Answer 11

FALSE

drug-protein binding is not nearly as selective. there is a lot of competition bc not very selective

Question 12

halogens are electron donating or withdrawing?

Answer 12

withdrawing

Question 13

true or false

both halogens and alkyl groups increase the partition coefficient

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Higher pi value = more lipophilic or hydrophilic?

Answer 14

high pi value = very lipophilic

small pi value = hydrophilic

Question 15

the need for a high sigma value indicates you want what kind of molecule?

Answer 15

very electron withdrawing

Question 16

what does steric mean

Answer 16

spatial arrangement.
needs to be considered in bioisosteric replacement

Question 17

how many electrons does carbon have?

Answer 17

6

Question 18

how many electrons does chlorine have?

Answer 18

17

Question 19

how many electrons does fluorine have?

Answer 19

9

Question 20

how many electrons does phosphorus have?

Answer 20

15

Question 21

how many electrons does sulfur have?

Answer 21

16