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SAM II > Random Questions > Flashcards

Random Questions Flashcards

1
Q

When is it hypoxia?

A

PaO2<90%

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2
Q

ABC of CPR

A

A- airways
B- breathing
C- circulation

D- drugs
E- ecg
F- fluids

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3
Q

The 5H and Ts

A

Hypovolemia/haemorrhage, hypoxia/hypoventilation, H+, hypoglycaemia

Toxins, tension pneumothorax, thromboembolism, tamponade, trauma.

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4
Q

PaO2/ FiO2 ratio

A

Normal >400
Hypoxaemia 300-400
Acute lung injury 200-300
ARDS <200

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5
Q

Laryngeal paralysis most frequently in

A

Large breeds, elderly dogs, pugs

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6
Q

Tracheal collapse most frequently in

A

Toy breeds, Yorkshire, chihuahua, poodle

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7
Q

Laryngeal collapse most seen in

A

Brachycephal syndroma

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8
Q

Nasal discharge can be… and consistency

A

Unilateral, bilateral

Viral= watery
Bacterial= purulent 
Blood= tumour, fungi, foreign body, unilateral
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9
Q

Viral rhinitis is caused by

A

FHV-1, FCV, Canine distemper, CHV

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10
Q

Laryngeal paralysis:

A

Starts on left side, arytenoid cartilage fails to abduct at inspiration.

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11
Q

Prognathic bite:

A

Long mandible.

Common in brachycephalic breeds.

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12
Q

Brachygnathic bite:

A

Short mandible. Can cause palatal trauma.

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13
Q

Umbilical hernia is common in:

A

Airedale terrier, Pekingese, pointer

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14
Q

At what age should testicles have descended into scrotum?

A

At 8 weeks

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15
Q

Mandatory vaccine of dogs:

A

Rabies

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16
Q

Core vaccines:

A

(Rabies)
Parvoviral enteritis
Distemper
Infectious hepatitis

Cat:
Parvoviral panleukopenia
Rhinotracheitis
Feline calicivirus

17
Q

Non-core vaccines

A

Kennel cough
Leptospirosis
Lyme- borreliosis
Influenza in USA

Cat: 
Rabies
FeLV
Chlamydiosis
FIV in USA
18
Q

Basic immunisation of puppies and kittens

A

Basic immunisation:
6-8 weeks and then 3-4 injections at 2-4 weeks intervals.
Last injection at 16 weeks.
Security vaccine at 6-12 months of age.

Animals older than 16 weeks:
1 injection

Revaccinate: every 3 rd year.

Cat flu every year.

19
Q

Bacterial rhinitis background

A

Usually secondary: viral infection, foreign body, tumour, rupture of mucous membrane.

Sometimes primary: Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bordetella, Chlamydia.

Treatment: AB

20
Q

Mycotic rhinitis

A

Dog: Aspergillus
Cat: Cryptococcus

Nasal cavity and sinuses.
Signs: discharge, depigmentation, pain, epistaxis, sneezing.

21
Q

Treatment of mycotic rhinitis

A

Topical Clotrimazole 1% gel (be careful in bone reabsorption!) + oral itraconazole 8 weeks.

Topical: enilconazole via tubes 10ml 10% BID for 14 d.
Systemic: ketoconazole, traconazole, fluconazole for 8 weeks.

22
Q

Tumour cell of nasal cavity

A

Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma

23
Q

Epistaxis

A

Symptom of: Aspergillosis, tumour, trauma, DIC, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, hypertension, Leishmaniasis.

24
Q

Cartilages in the larynx

A

3 unpaired: epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid

1 paired: arytenoid

25
Q

What muscle is responsible for opening of the larynx?

A

Cricoartenoid muscles

26
Q

Clinical signs that there is something wrong with the larynx:

A

Changes in vocalisation, stridor, cough, gagging, pain, fremitus.

27
Q

Diseases of the larynx

A

Laryngitis, Laryngeal paralysis, Laryngeal collapse, Brachycephalic airway syndrome, Neoplasia.

28
Q

Medication for laryngitis

A

Doxycycline, amoxcillin+ clavulenic acid.
Antitussive: butorphanol, hydrocodone.

Glucocorticosteorids- in edema.

29
Q

Laryngeal paralysis:

A

Arytenoid cartilage fails to abduct during inspiration, older, larger dogs.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Congenital: Bouver de Flandres, Siberian husky, Bull terrier.

Partial= paresis

30
Q

Signs of laryngeal paralysis:

A

Change in bark, exercise intolerance, cough, respiratory distress, hyperthermia.

Paradoxial movement of larynx during respiration.

31
Q

Medication at laryngeal paralysis:

A

Anxiolytic tranquilizer acepromazine 0,02-0,05 mg/kg IM, IV, SC or butorphanol.

Hyperthermia: cool IV fluid

Gucocorticoids, furosemide when edema and inflammation.

32
Q

Laryngeal collapse/ brachycephalic airway syndrome

A

Secondary to congential malformation.
Chronic increase negative pressure during inspiration leads to laryngeal cartilages will weaken and collapse.
Medially displaced cuneiform and corniculate processes.

33
Q

Tracheal collapse, clinical signs

A

Goose honk, cough, emphysema, cough can be elicited, auscultation sounds.

34
Q

Treatment of non-infectious tracheitis

A

Antitussive- codeine, butorphanol, dextromethorphan.
Broncodilating- theophylline, aminophylline, terbutaline
Prednisone, nebulization

SAM II (2 decks)

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