Medications

Question 1

Antitussive

Answer 1

Butorphanol, hydrocodone, codeine

Question 2

Bronchodilators

Answer 2

Theophylline, aminophylline, terbutaline

Question 3

Sedation used at hypoxia

Answer 3

Butorphanol, midazolam, acepromazine

Question 4

Oxygen therapy

Flow by
Nasal O2 catheter
Oxygen cage
Endotracheal tube

Answer 4

Flow by: 2-3l/ min at FiO2 25-40%
Nasal O2: 50-200 ml/kg bw/ min at FiO2 40-50%
Oxygen cage: FiO2 30-50%
Endotracheal tube: FiO2 21-100%

Question 5

Drugs at laryngitis

Answer 5

Doxycycline, amoxicillin+ clavulenic acid, antitussive- butorphanol, hydrocodone

Question 6

Mycotic rhinitis drugs

Answer 6

Topical clotrimazole, enilconazole

Oral itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole systemic for 8 weeks.

Question 7

Crystalloids are:

Answer 7

Small molecular weight compounds, electrolytes, glucose.

Question 8

Crystalloid solutions can be:

Answer 8

Isotonic- 0,9% NaCl, Lactated Ringer- most balanced, most like plasma.
Hypotonic- 0,5% Glucose, 0,45% NaCl, Balansol, Rindex
Hypertonic- NaCl 10%

Question 9

Colloid solutions can be:

Answer 9

Synthetic- starch HAES, gelatine.

Natural- human albumin, canine albumin, blood products- plasma, blood.

Question 10

Colloids are used for:

Answer 10

Maintaining the oncotic pressure.
Stays in vessels, good in hypovolemia.
Hypoalbuminaemia.

Question 11

When do you be careful with fluids?

Answer 11

Lung injury, head injury. Can lead to edema.

Question 12

Max dose of colloids:

Answer 12

20 ml/kg/ day

Question 13

What indication is hypertonic solutions?

Answer 13

We want to draw H2O from interstitium into vessels. Good in trauma. Contraindicated in dehydration.

Question 14

Acute hypovolemia fluid therapy:

Answer 14

Quick!! IV, IO.

Isotonic crystalloids+ colloid and/or hypertonic saline.

Question 15

Dehydration fluid therapy:

Answer 15

Chronic, rehydration, maintenance. 
Slower: 1-2 days. 
Mild: PO, SC
Moderate/ severe: IV. 
Isotonic crytsalloids.

Question 16

Fluid resuscitation 1st choice:

Answer 16

Isotonic crystalloids cats: 50ml/kg dogs: 90ml/kg.

+/- colloid HAES 10-20ml/kg

Question 17

Acute fluid therapy- step by step. DOG

Answer 17

20-25 ml/kg 15 min- check.
Again? 20-25 ml/kg 15 min- check.
Again? 5-10ml/kg 15 min- check.
Again? 20-25 ml/kg 15 min- check.

After that- still not better? Vasopressin, desmopressin, adrenaline to maintain BP.

Question 18

Acute fluid therap- step by step. CAT.

Answer 18

10ml/kg 15 min- check.
Again? 10 ml/kg 15 min- check.
Again? 5ml/kg 15 min- check.
Again? 10 ml/kg 15 min- check.

After that- still not better? Vasopressin, desmopressin, adrenaline to maintain BP.

Question 19

Why do we check the patient every 15 min in acute fluid therapy?

Answer 19

To see if there are any signs of overhydration.

Control the minerals.

Question 20

Calculate rehydration:

Answer 20

Deficit (l) = kg x dehydration % /100.

Eg. 10 kg dog w. 8%: 10 x 0,08= 0,8 l =800ml

Question 21

How fast rehydrate?

Answer 21

Depends on how fast the animal lost fluid:
Acute- 2-4 hr
Day- 4-8 hr
Chronic- 12-24-48 hr

CATS! Be careful! Can hide many problems.

Question 22

Signs of overhydration:

Answer 22

Weight gain, serous nasal discharge, jelly-like subcutis, tremour, tachycardia, cough, ascites, polyuria, vomitus/diarrhea. Exopthalmus.

Question 23

Discontinue fluid therapy:

Answer 23

25-50% decreadse/ day.

Question 24

Fluid therapy: If you don’t know what to give, give:

Answer 24

Lactated Ringer’s.