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Dental materials 1 > Random questions > Flashcards

Random questions Flashcards

have a full knowledge of dental material and associate dental cases

1
Q

what happens if all teeth of 1 half of the dental arch are pulled out

A

the patient will eventually limp on the opposite side (meaning , if all right teeth were oulled out then he will limp on his left)

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2
Q

ما الفرق بين التسمم و الانسمام و ما نتيجة كل منهما

A

التسمم هو ingestion of mercury for example will lead to loss of healthy teeth
اوا الانسمام هو شرب كيات قليلة على فترات زمنية طويلة for example fluorisis which results from excess ingestion of fluoride when the are forming which may disfigure or discolor the theeth

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3
Q

what are the most teeth prone to congenital loss or disease

A

MAXILLARY lateral incisors either because of impefect amelogenisis( issue in enamel formation)or imperfect dentinogenisis . in the latter cases, tooth must be pulled out

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4
Q

what is amelogenisis

A

Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel on teeth and begins when the crown is forming during the advanced bell stage of tooth development after dentinogenesis, forms a first layer of dentin. Although dentin must be present for enamel to be formed, ameloblasts must also be for dentinogenesis to continue.

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5
Q

what are dental restorative materials

A

they arw used to prevent or repair damage to teeth caused by oral disease or trauma

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6
Q

what are caries (tooth decay , tooth cavities)

A

the accumalation of bacterial plaque in areas of teeth where patient prophylaxis does not remove .

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7
Q

what is prophylaxis

A

a medical term for proceduress that promote oral health

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8
Q

what is periodontal disease

A

unlike caries, it affects the tissues surrounding the tooth like ( gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone)

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9
Q

what is the difference between caries and periodontal disease

A

caries takes months to evolve while periodontal disease takes years, also caries affects the tooth itself whereas periodontal disease affects the tissues surrounding the tooh

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10
Q

define edentulism (caused hy osteoporosis)

A

the complete loss of all natural dentition

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11
Q

what are the teeth that are prone to be congenitally missing

A

maxillary lateral incisors

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12
Q

when are endodontic restorative materials used

A

when pulpal or periapical tissues are damaged

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13
Q

these restoration are generally small and used to repair minor trauma or caries

A

intracoronal restoration

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14
Q

these restorations generally replace large portions of the external part of the tooth, because destruction of tooth is extensive and the is insufficient structure to retain intracoronal restoration

A

extracoronal restoration

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15
Q

extracoronal preps nearly always must be restored using direct or indirect techniques

A

indirect techniques ( indirect restoration involves making a model of the prep them fabricating the restoration on the model from alloy, ceramic , or acrylic

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16
Q

give 3examples of intracoronal direct restorations

A

amalgam, composite, and sealant restorations

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17
Q

when is endodontic treatment necessary

A

if oral disease or trauma involves the pulp of the tooth

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18
Q

what is used when infected pulpal tissue is removed

A

sealers that prevent ingress of bacteria, the filling material usually used is gutta percha

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19
Q

clinical case where all natural dentition is lost

A

edentulism

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20
Q

if one to four adjacent teeth have been lost, the function and esthetics of those teeth may restored using what

A

a fixed partial denture( aka bridge)

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21
Q

how is a bridge classically prepared

A

placing extracoronal crowns on the abutment teeth

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22
Q

what are the teeth adjacent to the edentulous space called

A

abutment teeth

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23
Q

what are the artificial replacement teeth called

A

pontics

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24
Q

what are pontics

A

they are artificial replacement teeth used in fixed partial dentures

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25
Q

in the event that the abutment teeth are healthy what alternative technique can be used

A

Maryland bridge ( resin-bounded fixed partial denture)

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26
Q

how does the maryland bridge differ from the classical bridge

A

the latter requires substantial sacrifice of abutment tooth structure unlike the Maryland bridge where extracoronal crown are not needed, instead the arms of th pontic are resin bounded lingually to the abutment teeth

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27
Q

if multiple teeth are missing in multiple locations what technique is used

A

removable partial denture

28
Q

edentulism requires what

A

complete denture

29
Q

what is sorption

A

absorption and adsorption considered as a single process

30
Q

name 4 factors that influence what restorative materials to use

A

its effect on oral tissue
possible toxic effects if ingested
color
optic qualities

31
Q

name the 5 properties of dental materials

A 
dimensional change
electrical properties
solubility 
sorption
mechanical properties
32
Q

why is dimensional change important during dental procedures such as prep of impressions or models

A

for the accuracy if dental restoration

33
Q

why is THERMAL dimensional change imp

A

restorative dental materials are subjected to tem changes in the mouth

34
Q

what is the linear thermal coefficient of expansion

A

is a measure of how much it expands per jnit length if heated one degree higher

35
Q

define percolation

A

is a way for bacteria to bypass your tooth’s main layer of protection–the enamel–to attack it from within. By traveling along thedentalfilling, bacteria can reach your dentin. Dentin is actually porous, it has tiny tubules that lead right to the tooth pulp.

36
Q

why is percolation thought to be undesirable

A

because of the possible irritation of the dental pulp and recurrent decay

37
Q

name the dental material in which percolation decreases with time after insertion and why

A

dental amalgam, as a result of the space being filled with corrosion products from the amalgam

38
Q

thermal conductivity of the tooth

A

human enamel and dentin are POOR thermal conductors compared with gold alloys and amalgam ( although amalgam is substantially lower than gold) GIC bases closely replace lost tooth structure with respect to thermal conductivity

39
Q

why do we hse cements as thermal insulating bases in deep cavity preps

A

although dentin is a poor thermal conductor, a thin layer of it does not provide enough thermal insulation for the pulp unless a cement base is used under the metal restoration

40
Q

why dont composite restorations present a problem with thermal conductivity

A

because their thermal conductivity is similar to that of the tooth structure

41
Q

what are the two electrical prperties if dental materials that are of our interest

A

galvanism and corrosion

42
Q

Define galvanisim

A

is the generation of an electrical current in the patients mouth as a result of the presence of unsimilar metals in the mouth

43
Q

define an electrolyte

A

is is a liquid that contains ions (in our case it is saliva or oral fluids)

44
Q

crowns are made of alloys of which material that has a strong tendency to go into solution ( dissolve) and has an electrode potential of +1.33 V

A

aluminum

45
Q

what two restorations, that if came into contact inthe mouth cause the patient to feel pain and induces a metallic taste in the mouth

A

temporary aluminum alloy crown and a gold crown

46
Q

what kind of temp crowns are used to avoid galvanism and why

A

temporary POLYMER crowns, because they are poor electrical conductors

47
Q

Define corrosion, give an example state why

A

is the dissolution of metals in the mouth, Dental amalgam. because it reacts with chlorides and sulfides in the mouth which causes them to becom dull and discolored with time

48
Q

name the process in which polished amalgam becomes dull and discolored with time and why

A

TARNISH, because amalgam reacts with certain chem in the mouth such as chlorides and sulfides.

49
Q

Define absorption and give an example

A

is the uptake of liquid by the bulk solod; the equilibrium absorbtion kf water by acrylic polymers is in the range of 2 %

50
Q

Define adsorption and give an example

A

is the concentration of molecules at the surface of a solid or liquid ; the adsorption of components of saliva at the surface of the tooth

51
Q

why are zinc phosphate cements considered more soluble in the mouth than in lab tests waters indicate

A

because materials in the mouth are covered in plaque are exposed to various acids and organic materials

52
Q

define wettability

A

is a measure of the affinity of a liquid for a solid as indicated by spreading of a drop

53
Q

knowledge of what is esential in understanding the mech prop of dental materials

A

the magnitude of biting forces

54
Q

name the 5 types of stress that may occur when force is applied to a material

A 
compression
tensile
shear
bending moment
twisting moment
55
Q

what is the difference between compression and tensile stress

A

compression is when a material is squeezed while tensile stress is when a material is pulled apart

56
Q

define strain

A

strain is the change in length or the deformation per unit length

57
Q

define preventive materials and give 3 examples

A

are dental materials designed to prevent disease or injury to the teeth and supporting tissues. flouride gels, pits and fissure sealants, mouth protectors

58
Q

what is the importance of fluoride ion

A

its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of dental caries

59
Q

etchants are generally composed of what

A

37% of phosphoric acid in water

60
Q

etchants are generally composed of what

A

37% of phosphoric acid in water

61
Q

which step is critical to the success of the sealant and why

A

drying the washed tooth for 15 seconds, because moisture interferes with the retention of the sealant by the fissure

62
Q

what are the steps of manipulating sealants that must be followed sequentially

A

cleansing and etching the occlusal surface, washing these areas, DRYING THEM, applying the sealant to the pit and fissure, polymerizing and finishing.

63
Q

what is the concentration of fluoride in a typical commercial acidulated phosphate fluoride gel

A

1.22 to 1.32 %

64
Q

why containers in which the sealants are supplied must be closed tightly

A

to minimize the evaporation of volatile monomers which would cause the sealant to become more viscous

65
Q

what are the main cariogenic bacteria

A

Streptococci and lactobacilli

Dental materials 1 (4 decks)

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