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Clin Path exam > Random questions > Flashcards

Random questions Flashcards

1
Q

Cat Eosinophil

A

Pink granules that are more rod shaped

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2
Q

Acanthocytes caused by

A

HEMANGIOSARCOMA

liver failure

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3
Q

Codocytes

A

Target cells
Increased surface to volume ratio
Liver disease- cholesterol loading
hypothyroidism

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4
Q

Eccentrocytes

A

Oxidative stress
Usually seen with heinz bodies
FRAGMENTARY CHANGE
Onions, red maple

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5
Q

Echinocytes

A

Artifact

snake venom

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6
Q

Hypochromasia

A

Low MCHC
larger central pallor
Iron deficiency OR regeneration

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7
Q

Schistocytes

A 
Mechanical injury 
DIC 
glomerular disease
vasculitis 
Portosystemic shunt 
Hemangiosarcoma
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8
Q

Keratocytes

A 
Ruptured/fragmented membrane 
DIC 
Vasculitis 
Hemangiosarcoma 
Decreased Iron
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9
Q

Stomatocytes

A

artifact
liver disease
lead poisoning

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10
Q

Signs of regeneration in RBCs

A

anisocytosis
basophilic stippling
increased reticulocytes
howell jolly bodies

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11
Q

Hyperchromasia

A

artifact

hemolysis messing with machine

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12
Q

Aggregate reticulocytes

A

12-24 hours

will be the clumpier cells on the new methylene blue

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13
Q

Punctate reticulocytes

A

mature and remodel as they circulate in the blood stream
10-14 days
will be little dots on new methylene blue

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14
Q

relative erythrocytosis

A

dehydration and hemoconcentration

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15
Q

Primary absolute erythrocytosis

A

Polycythemia vera

Chronic erythroid leukemia

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16
Q

Secondary absolute erythrocytosis

A 
Appropriate= Hypoxia, R to L shunts, elevated altitude 
Inappropriate= renal cysts/ tumors, increased T4
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17
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

Severe regenerative response
Lead poisoning
Zinc poisoning

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18
Q

Heinz bodies

A

oxidative stress

Tylenol, red maple, onions, DKA, lymphoma

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19
Q

Corticosteroid leukogram

A

leukocytosis
mature neutrophila
lymphopenia

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20
Q

Epinephrine leukogram

A 
leukocytosis 
mature neutrophilia 
lymphocytosis 
elevated platelets 
elevated glucose
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21
Q

Leukomoid

A 
WBC over 75,000
Pus bags- pyometra, pyelonephritits 
prostatitis 
neoplasia
hepatozoon
22
Q

Degenerative left shift

A

increased bands with decreased segs

23
Q

regenerative left shift

A

increased bands with increased segs

24
Q

Liver cell injury

A

ALT - “Liver tissue trauma”

AST- “sells= cells”

25
Q

Cholestasis

A

ALP
GGT
bilirubin
cholesterol

26
Q

Bile pigment in cytology with neutrophils

A

cholangitis

27
Q

Types of monocytes

A

Activated
Epitheliod
Giant multinucleated

28
Q

Types of inflammation in cytology

A 
Eosinophilic 
Suppurtive
Granulomatous 
Lymphoplasmacytic 
Pyogranulomatous 
Macrophagic
29
Q

Pyogranulomatous inflammation in cytology

A

mix of macrophages and neutrophils
can have lymphs and plasma cells
caused by: fungus, bacteria (blasto), mycobacterial, chronic chylous effusions

30
Q

Suppurative inflammation

A

greater than 85% neuts

31
Q

Degenerate and non degenerate Neutrophils live in what samples

A

CYTOLOGY/TISSUES

32
Q

Non degenerate neutrophils

A 
normal
pyknosis and karyorrhexis 
in a non toxic environment 
immune mediated conditions 
neoplastic lesions 
sterile environments (urine or bile)
33
Q

Degenerate neutrophils

A

Nuclear swelling
decreased staining – karyolysis
toxic environment
Sepsis, nocardia, tissue necrosis, bile

34
Q

Normal LN

A

small lymphs 90%
nuclei= RBC = 7 microns
dense chromatin with little blue cytoplasm

35
Q

Plasma cells

A

eccentric nucleus
blue cytoplasm
clumped chromatin and golgi bodies cause they making shit

36
Q

Hyperplastic/ Reactive LN

A

Small
medium 30%
more plasma cells

37
Q

Inflamed/ Lymphadenitis

A

lots of inflammatory cells

more than 5% neuts or 3% eos

38
Q

Neoplastic

A

Immature lymphs take over population

39
Q

Criteria of malignancy

A 
bizarre mitotic figures 
multiple nuclei 
multiple nucleoli 
weird shaped nuceli 
weird shaped nucleoli 
high N:C ration 
Coarse/ clumped chromatin 
Nuclear molding
40
Q

Hemosiderin and hematoidin

A

signs of chronic hemorrhage

occurs within days

41
Q

Erythrophagia

A

sign of active/ acute hemorrhage

occurs within hours

42
Q

Types of effusions

A

bile, urine, chyle, water, blood, pus, cancer

43
Q

Ammonium biurate crystals

A

severe liver disease
protosystemic shunt
dalmations can be normal

44
Q

Amorphous crystals

A

hepatic insufficiency

45
Q

Bilirubin crystals

A

liver disease

extravascular hemolysis

46
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

CCCC
“calcium carbonate circle crystals”
normal in horses and rabbits

47
Q

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

A

ethylene glycol AKI
envelopes
CODE (aka make you code)
calcium oxalate dihydrate Envelopes ethelyne

48
Q

Calcium oxalate monohydrate

A

Picket fences

ethylene glycol - more specific

49
Q

struvite

A

alkaline urine
infections
urolithiasis

50
Q

Pros of cytology

A

easy
cheap
speed
effusions

51
Q

Pros of histology

A

architecture
special stains
better for non exfoliating tissues
higher volume of sample

52
Q

Signs of cholestasis

A

delta and conjugated
GGT
ALP

Clin Path exam (3 decks)

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