Random questions Flashcards
Cat Eosinophil
Pink granules that are more rod shaped
Acanthocytes caused by
HEMANGIOSARCOMA
liver failure
Codocytes
Target cells
Increased surface to volume ratio
Liver disease- cholesterol loading
hypothyroidism
Eccentrocytes
Oxidative stress
Usually seen with heinz bodies
FRAGMENTARY CHANGE
Onions, red maple
Echinocytes
Artifact
snake venom
Hypochromasia
Low MCHC
larger central pallor
Iron deficiency OR regeneration
Schistocytes
Mechanical injury DIC glomerular disease vasculitis Portosystemic shunt Hemangiosarcoma
Keratocytes
Ruptured/fragmented membrane DIC Vasculitis Hemangiosarcoma Decreased Iron
Stomatocytes
artifact
liver disease
lead poisoning
Signs of regeneration in RBCs
anisocytosis
basophilic stippling
increased reticulocytes
howell jolly bodies
Hyperchromasia
artifact
hemolysis messing with machine
Aggregate reticulocytes
12-24 hours
will be the clumpier cells on the new methylene blue
Punctate reticulocytes
mature and remodel as they circulate in the blood stream
10-14 days
will be little dots on new methylene blue
relative erythrocytosis
dehydration and hemoconcentration
Primary absolute erythrocytosis
Polycythemia vera
Chronic erythroid leukemia
Secondary absolute erythrocytosis
Appropriate= Hypoxia, R to L shunts, elevated altitude Inappropriate= renal cysts/ tumors, increased T4
Basophilic stippling
Severe regenerative response
Lead poisoning
Zinc poisoning
Heinz bodies
oxidative stress
Tylenol, red maple, onions, DKA, lymphoma
Corticosteroid leukogram
leukocytosis
mature neutrophila
lymphopenia
Epinephrine leukogram
leukocytosis mature neutrophilia lymphocytosis elevated platelets elevated glucose
Leukomoid
WBC over 75,000 Pus bags- pyometra, pyelonephritits prostatitis neoplasia hepatozoon
Degenerative left shift
increased bands with decreased segs
regenerative left shift
increased bands with increased segs
Liver cell injury
ALT - “Liver tissue trauma”
AST- “sells= cells”
Cholestasis
ALP
GGT
bilirubin
cholesterol
Bile pigment in cytology with neutrophils
cholangitis
Types of monocytes
Activated
Epitheliod
Giant multinucleated
Types of inflammation in cytology
Eosinophilic Suppurtive Granulomatous Lymphoplasmacytic Pyogranulomatous Macrophagic
Pyogranulomatous inflammation in cytology
mix of macrophages and neutrophils
can have lymphs and plasma cells
caused by: fungus, bacteria (blasto), mycobacterial, chronic chylous effusions
Suppurative inflammation
greater than 85% neuts
Degenerate and non degenerate Neutrophils live in what samples
CYTOLOGY/TISSUES
Non degenerate neutrophils
normal pyknosis and karyorrhexis in a non toxic environment immune mediated conditions neoplastic lesions sterile environments (urine or bile)
Degenerate neutrophils
Nuclear swelling
decreased staining – karyolysis
toxic environment
Sepsis, nocardia, tissue necrosis, bile
Normal LN
small lymphs 90%
nuclei= RBC = 7 microns
dense chromatin with little blue cytoplasm
Plasma cells
eccentric nucleus
blue cytoplasm
clumped chromatin and golgi bodies cause they making shit
Hyperplastic/ Reactive LN
Small
medium 30%
more plasma cells
Inflamed/ Lymphadenitis
lots of inflammatory cells
more than 5% neuts or 3% eos
Neoplastic
Immature lymphs take over population
Criteria of malignancy
bizarre mitotic figures multiple nuclei multiple nucleoli weird shaped nuceli weird shaped nucleoli high N:C ration Coarse/ clumped chromatin Nuclear molding
Hemosiderin and hematoidin
signs of chronic hemorrhage
occurs within days
Erythrophagia
sign of active/ acute hemorrhage
occurs within hours
Types of effusions
bile, urine, chyle, water, blood, pus, cancer
Ammonium biurate crystals
severe liver disease
protosystemic shunt
dalmations can be normal
Amorphous crystals
hepatic insufficiency
Bilirubin crystals
liver disease
extravascular hemolysis
Calcium Carbonate
CCCC
“calcium carbonate circle crystals”
normal in horses and rabbits
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
ethylene glycol AKI
envelopes
CODE (aka make you code)
calcium oxalate dihydrate Envelopes ethelyne
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Picket fences
ethylene glycol - more specific
struvite
alkaline urine
infections
urolithiasis
Pros of cytology
easy
cheap
speed
effusions
Pros of histology
architecture
special stains
better for non exfoliating tissues
higher volume of sample
Signs of cholestasis
delta and conjugated
GGT
ALP
