Chemistry objectives Flashcards
Increased BUN with adequate USG
pre-renal azotemia
decreased GFR
Increased BUN and inadequate USG
Primary renal dz
BUN will only elevate after ___ kidney damage
75%
Minor elevation of BUN
high protein diet
GI hemorrhage
Minor decreases in BUN
Liver disease
Portosystemic shunt
Diuresis- increased GFR
Increased ALT
Cell injury of hepatocytes
severe muscle injury
increased AST
Cell injury of hepatocytes
In liver and muscle
Increased SDH
hepatocellular injury
Increased GGT
Cholestasis
Increased ALP
cholestasis
not liver specific- liver = hALP, bone = bALP, placenta, kidney and leukocytes, corticosteroids in dogs (cALP)
Bilirubin production
phagocytosis of RBCs
Unconjugated bilirubin
pre-hepatic- hemolysis
Conjugated
post hepatic
Urine bilirubin
Only conjugated
cholestasis
Decreased function mass of the liver indicators
decreased BUN in comparison to creatinine decreased albumin increased globulins decreased glucose hypocholesterolemia increased unconjugated bilirubin decreased coag factors Microcytosis poikiocytes, codocytes, acanthocytes Ammonium biurate crystals polyuria and not concetrations USG
Hyperamylasemia
3 x increase
pancreatitis
Hyperlipasemia
3x
pancreatitis
dexamethasone administration
Hypocalcemia
precipitation in fat necrosis
increased glucagon increasing calcitonin
Hyperglycemia
glucocorticoids
epinephrine
glucagon release
hypoinsulinemia
Hypertricyceride
pancreas
Hypercholesterol
pancreas
Urine glucose threshold
180 in dogs
28 in cats
Ketone bodies
betahydroxybutyrate
acetone
acetoacetate- picked up on the dipstick
Albumin
major unmeasured anion in acid-base balance
major colloidal osmotic pressure
Hyperglobulinemia
decreased anion gap PLN Vaccines Chronic antigenic stimulation Multiple myeloma Lymphoma Liver failure
Hyperfibrinogenemia
inflammation or dehydration
Hypofibrinogenemia
DIC
severe liver failure
artifact from clotted blood
PP:Fib
greater than 15 is dehydration
less than 10 is inflammation
Secretional metabolic acidosis
Bicarb loss
Cl increased relative to Na
Potassium (K) increased because of transcellular shift with H
Normal AG
Titrational metabolic acidosis
Organic acid release Decreased bicarb Cl increased relative to N Increased K Increased AG
Unmeasured acids
Uremic lactate ketoacids ethylene glycol salicylate intoxication
Simple metabolic acidosis
HCl loss (vomiting)
Decreased K
Increased bicarb
Normal AG
Mixed metabolic alkalosis and titrational metabolic acidosis
High AG
Vomiting w/ ehydration
Renal azotemia
Bilirubinuria
liver disease bile duct obstruction stravation hemolysis pyrexia
Occult blood
hematuria, hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria
Glucosuria
Tubular resportive defect diabetes hyperadrenocorticism hyperpituitarism acromegaly
Acidic urine
bacterial metabolism of glucose and production of ammonia
Crystals (uric acid, cystine and calcium oxalate)
Alkaline urine
Struvite calcium carbonate calcium phosphate ammonium biurate amorphous phosphate crystals
Protienuria
hemorrhage
infection
intravascular hemolysis
renal dz
Calcium in urine
Multiple myeloma LSA anal sac adenocarcinoma Primary hyperparathyroidism Vitamin D toxicity Addisions Idiopathic Granulomatous infections ( blasto and histo)
UPC ratio
Healthy <0.5
Glomerular dz > 2
