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Clin Path exam > Chemistry objectives > Flashcards

Chemistry objectives Flashcards

1
Q

Increased BUN with adequate USG

A

pre-renal azotemia

decreased GFR

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2
Q

Increased BUN and inadequate USG

A

Primary renal dz

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3
Q

BUN will only elevate after ___ kidney damage

A

75%

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4
Q

Minor elevation of BUN

A

high protein diet

GI hemorrhage

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5
Q

Minor decreases in BUN

A

Liver disease
Portosystemic shunt
Diuresis- increased GFR

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6
Q

Increased ALT

A

Cell injury of hepatocytes

severe muscle injury

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7
Q

increased AST

A

Cell injury of hepatocytes

In liver and muscle

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8
Q

Increased SDH

A

hepatocellular injury

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9
Q

Increased GGT

A

Cholestasis

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10
Q

Increased ALP

A

cholestasis

not liver specific- liver = hALP, bone = bALP, placenta, kidney and leukocytes, corticosteroids in dogs (cALP)

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11
Q

Bilirubin production

A

phagocytosis of RBCs

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12
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin

A

pre-hepatic- hemolysis

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13
Q

Conjugated

A

post hepatic

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14
Q

Urine bilirubin

A

Only conjugated

cholestasis

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15
Q

Decreased function mass of the liver indicators

A 
decreased BUN in comparison to creatinine 
decreased albumin 
increased globulins 
decreased glucose 
hypocholesterolemia 
increased unconjugated bilirubin 
decreased coag factors 
Microcytosis 
poikiocytes, codocytes, acanthocytes
Ammonium biurate crystals 
polyuria and not concetrations USG
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16
Q

Hyperamylasemia

A

3 x increase

pancreatitis

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17
Q

Hyperlipasemia

A

3x
pancreatitis
dexamethasone administration

18
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

precipitation in fat necrosis

increased glucagon increasing calcitonin

19
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

glucocorticoids
epinephrine
glucagon release
hypoinsulinemia

20
Q

Hypertricyceride

A

pancreas

21
Q

Hypercholesterol

A

pancreas

22
Q

Urine glucose threshold

A

180 in dogs

28 in cats

23
Q

Ketone bodies

A

betahydroxybutyrate
acetone
acetoacetate- picked up on the dipstick

24
Q

Albumin

A

major unmeasured anion in acid-base balance

major colloidal osmotic pressure

25
Q

Hyperglobulinemia

A 
decreased anion gap 
PLN
Vaccines 
Chronic antigenic stimulation 
Multiple myeloma 
Lymphoma 
Liver failure
26
Q

Hyperfibrinogenemia

A

inflammation or dehydration

27
Q

Hypofibrinogenemia

A

DIC
severe liver failure
artifact from clotted blood

28
Q

PP:Fib

A

greater than 15 is dehydration

less than 10 is inflammation

29
Q

Secretional metabolic acidosis

A

Bicarb loss
Cl increased relative to Na
Potassium (K) increased because of transcellular shift with H
Normal AG

30
Q

Titrational metabolic acidosis

A 
Organic acid release
Decreased bicarb
Cl increased relative to N
Increased K 
Increased AG
31
Q

Unmeasured acids

A 
Uremic 
lactate 
ketoacids 
ethylene glycol 
salicylate intoxication
32
Q

Simple metabolic acidosis

A

HCl loss (vomiting)
Decreased K
Increased bicarb
Normal AG

33
Q

Mixed metabolic alkalosis and titrational metabolic acidosis

A

High AG
Vomiting w/ ehydration
Renal azotemia

34
Q

Bilirubinuria

A 
liver disease 
bile duct obstruction 
stravation 
hemolysis 
pyrexia
35
Q

Occult blood

A

hematuria, hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria

36
Q

Glucosuria

A 
Tubular resportive defect 
diabetes 
hyperadrenocorticism 
hyperpituitarism 
acromegaly
37
Q

Acidic urine

A

bacterial metabolism of glucose and production of ammonia

Crystals (uric acid, cystine and calcium oxalate)

38
Q

Alkaline urine

A 
Struvite
calcium carbonate 
calcium phosphate
ammonium biurate 
amorphous phosphate crystals
39
Q

Protienuria

A

hemorrhage
infection
intravascular hemolysis
renal dz

40
Q

Calcium in urine

A 
Multiple myeloma 
LSA 
anal sac adenocarcinoma
Primary hyperparathyroidism 
Vitamin D toxicity 
Addisions 
Idiopathic 
Granulomatous infections ( blasto and histo)
41
Q

UPC ratio

A

Healthy <0.5

Glomerular dz > 2

Clin Path exam (3 decks)

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