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Random Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Air/Pulmonary Embolism name 3 signs and symptoms, and turn patient to the ____ side and ____ the head of the bed

A

chest pain, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom. (left, lower)

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2
Q

Women in labor with un-reassuring FHR (late decals, decreased variability, fetal bradycardia). What to do? 3 things

A

Turn on left side
stop Pitocin
increase IV fluids

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3
Q

Tube feeding w/ decreased LOC. Place patient on ___ side (promotes emptying of stomach) with the HOB ____ (to prevent aspiration

A

right, elevated

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4
Q

During an epidural position how to place the patient ?

A

side-lying

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5
Q

After a lumbar puncture ( and an oil-based myelogram) pt lies _____ to prevent ____ and leaking of ______

A

supine, HA & CSF

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6
Q

Pt w/ heat stroke? _____ with legs ____

A

flat, elevated

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7
Q

During continuous bladder irrigation ? catheter is taped to ____ so leg should be kept ____, no other positioning restrictions

A

thigh, straight

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8
Q

After myringotomy- position patient on side of _____ ear after surgery to allow?

A

affected , to allow drainage of secretions

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9
Q

After cataract surgery-> patient will sleep on ______ side with a ____ _____ . How long ?

A

unaffected side, night shield 1-4 weeks

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10
Q

After thryoidectomy-> low or _______, support head, neck, shoulders

A

semi-fowlers

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11
Q

Infant with spin bifida? Position them ____ so that sac does not rupture

A

prone

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12
Q

Bucks tractions ? Positioning ? for counter-traction

A

elevate foot of bed

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13
Q

After total hip replacement -> don’t sleep on which side? don’t flex hip more than ___ degrees. Maintain hip ___ by separating ___ with pillows

A

affected
45
abduction
thighs

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14
Q

Positioning gor prolapsed cord?

A

knees to chest

Trendelenburg

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15
Q

Infant with cleft lip - position on ___ or in ___ ___ to prevent trauma to suture line, while feeding hold baby in ____ ____

A

back, infant seat , upright position

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16
Q

To prevent dumping syndrome( post-op ulcer/stomach surgeries) eat in ___ position , lie down after meals (how long?) also restrict ? low ___ and ____ diet, with small frequent meals

A

reclining , 20-30 mins, fluids, CHO & fiber

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17
Q

Above the knee amputation-> first 24 hours? how to position daily to provide for hip extension ?

A

elevate on pillow, prone

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18
Q

Below the knee amputation -> first 24 hours? how to position daily to provide for hip extension ?

A

elevate foot of bed, prone

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19
Q

Detached retina-> area of detachment should be in what position ?

A

dependent

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20
Q

Administration of enema? (positioning)

A

left-side lying with knees flexed (SIMs)

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21
Q

After supratentorial surgery (incision behind hairline) -> positioning?

A

elevate HOB 30-45 degrees

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22
Q

After infratentorial surgery (incision at nape of the neck)-> position pt ____ and ____ on either side

A

flat & lateral

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23
Q

During internal radiation -> on _____ while implant is in place

A

bedrest

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24
Q

Autonomic Dysrefelxia/ Hypereflexia : s/s HR? BP? pounding headache , profuse sweating , nasal congestion, goose flesh, how to position ?

A

bradycardia, hypertension, elevate HOB first before any other implementation

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25
Q

Shock-> ____ with extremities elevated _____ degrees, knees ____, head _____ ____ (modified trendelenburg)

A

bedrest , 20 , straight, slightly elevated

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26
Q

Head Injury : HOB ? to decrease intracranial pressure

A

30 degrees

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27
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis when outflow is inadequate-> turn patient ??? Before checking for kinks in tubing

A

side to side

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28
Q

Lumbar puncture- AFTER the procedure , the client should be placed in what position for how long?

A

supine, 4-12 hours as prescribed

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29
Q

_____ for pancreatitis not ____ ____

A

demoral, morphine sulfate

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30
Q

1) Worsens with exercise and improves with rest
2) A + reaction to Tensilon- will improve symptoms
3) Causes by excessive medication- STOP MEDS- giving Tensilon will make it worse

A

myasthenia gravis
myasthenia crisis
cholinergic crisis

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31
Q

Given for head injury patients (osmotic diuretic) crystalizes at room temp so always use ___ needle

A

mannitol , filter

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32
Q

Prior to a liver biopsy its important to be aware of what lab result?

A

prothrombin time

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33
Q

From the ass- diarrhea - ?

From the mouth - vomiting - ?

A

metabolic acidosis

metabolic alkalosis

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34
Q

Myxedema/ hypothyroidism : slowed ___ and ____ function, sensitivity to ? ___ skin & hair

A

mental and physical, cold, dry hair and skin

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35
Q

Another name for hyperthyroidism ? mental & physical functioning is? sensitive to ? hair type?

A

Graves Disease , accelerated, heat, fine/soft

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36
Q

Thyroid Storm -> INCREASED (3 things)

A

BP, pulse, temp

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37
Q

Post-thyroidectomy: positioning to prevent neck flexion/hyperextension, what at bedside?

A

semi-fowlers

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38
Q

Hypo-parathyroidism - CATS and diet?

A

convulsions, arrythmia, tetany, spasms, stridor, high CA and low phosphorus diet

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39
Q

Hyper-parathyrodism- Think sedations, a lot of calcium , name 3 symptoms and their diet

A

fatigue, muscle weakness, renal calculi, back and joint pain , low CA and high phosphorus diet

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40
Q

Hypovolemia -> pulse? BP? temp? resp? Urine Specific Gravity

A

increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase resp. , hypotension, anxiety , urine specific gravity >1.030;

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41
Q

Hypervolemia -> pulse? BP? temp? Urine Specific Gravity

A

bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, USG

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42
Q

Diabetes Insipidus is an _____ in _____? Name some symptoms? what drug to admin?

A

decrease ADH, polyuria, excessive thirst, dehydration , admin Pitressin

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43
Q

SIADH is a ____ in _____? s/s and meds

A

increase in ADH, change in LOC, decreased DTR , tachycardia, n/v, HA, admin declomycin & diuretics

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44
Q

Hypokalemia - name two s/s what foods to eat other than bananas?

A

muscle wekaness, dysrythmia ( apricot, rasins, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery)

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45
Q

Hyperkalemia- MURDER

A

muscle weakness, urine (oliguria, anuria), respiratory depression, decreased cardiac contractility, ecg changes, reflexles

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46
Q

Hyponatremia- name some s/s

How to treat?

A

nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching , convulsion - osmotic diuretic and fluids

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47
Q

Hypernatremia - name some s/s and treatment

A

increased temp, weakness, disorientation/delusion, hypotension, tachycardia, HYPOTONIC

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48
Q

Hypocalcemia- CATS

A

convulsions, arythmia, tetany, spasms, stridor

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49
Q

Hypercalcemia- s/s

A

muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent deep tendon reflexes , shallow respirations, EMERGENCY

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50
Q

HypoMg- think non sedation

A

tremors, tetany, seizures, dysrythmia, depression, confusion, dysphagia, dig toxicity

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51
Q

HyperMg- think sedation

A

depresses the CNS, hypotension, fascial flushing, muscle weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, EMERGENCY

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52
Q

Addison’s: hypo___, hyper___, ___ pigmentation , decreased resistance to ___, fractures, hair?, weight? GI distress

A

hypoNA, hyperK, dark, stress, alopecia,

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53
Q

Cushings: hypo____, hyper_____, prone to ? muscle ____ and ______ , edema , BP?, (2 other specific symptoms)

A

hypoK, hyperNA, infection, weakness/wasting, HTN, hirsutism, moonface/buffalo bump

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54
Q

Addisonian crisis: blood sugar? bp? other symptoms

A

nausea/vomiting, confusion, abdominal pain, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia , dehydration, decreased BP

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55
Q

Hypersecretion of epi/norepi , persistent HTN, increased HR, hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA, avoid stress, frequent bathing and rest breaks, avoid cold and stimulating foods, surgery to remove this tumor

A

pheochromocytoma

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56
Q

a rare, but life-threatening, idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptic medications that is characterized by fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. Often occurs shortly after the initiation of neuroleptic treatment, or after dose increases.

A

Neuroepileptic syndrome - you get hot, stiff, sweaty, BP, pulse, and respirations increases, you start to drool

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57
Q

Danger : Never get pregnant with a german

A

german measles dangerous when you’re pregnant

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58
Q

What comes first when drawing up regular insulin and NPH together ?

A

regular

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59
Q

Tetralogy of fallot : DROPS

A

child drops to floor or squats: 1) defect, septal 2) right ventricular hypertrophy 3) overriding aorta 4) pulmonary stenosis

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60
Q

Parnate, Marplan, Nardil

A

MAOIs used for depression thing Arrrrr like a pirate

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61
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia: potentially life threatening emergency. 1) what do you do first ? 2) loosen constrictive clothing 3) assess for bladder distention and bowel impaction 4) administer what meds ?

A

elevate head of bed 90 degrees , admin antihypertensives (may cause stroke, MI, seizure

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62
Q

MAOI’s go !! ( PANAMA) - what they taste like ?

A

parnate, marplan, nardil -> metallic

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63
Q

Digoxin 1) Check 3 things . 2) Hold meds

A

check pulse, check dig levels, check K+ , hold if BP is less than 60

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64
Q

Amphojel

A

Tx of GERD and kidney stones. watch out for constipation

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65
Q

Vistaril- use? watch for? given when ?

A

Tx of anxiety and itching, watch for dry mouth , given prep commonly

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66
Q

Versed- use? watch for?

A

conscious sedation , hypotension and resp. depression

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67
Q

PTU and Tapazole- use?

A

prevention of thyroid stom

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68
Q

Sinemet- use? s/s?

A

Tx of parkinson, sweat, saliva, urine may turn red/brown , and causes drowsiness

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69
Q

Artane - use? effect?

A

Tx of parkinson.. sedative effect

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70
Q

Cogentin- use? effect?

A

x of parkinson and extrapyramidal effects of other drugs T

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71
Q

Tigan - use? effect?

A

Tx of post-op n/v and for nausea associated with gastroenteritis

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72
Q

Timolol (Timpotic)- use?

A

Tx of glaucoma

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73
Q

Bactrim

A

antibiotic, don’t take if allergic to sulfa drugs, diarrhea is a common side effect , drink plenty of fluids

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74
Q

Gout meds - tuPAC

A

Probenecis (benemid) , Colchicine , Alluopurinol (Zyloprim)

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75
Q

Apresoline (hydralazine)

A

txt for HTN and CHF , report flu-like sx, rise slowly from sitting to lying position , take with meals

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76
Q

Bentyl

A

txt if irritable bowel disease, asses for anticholinergic effects

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77
Q

Calan( verapamil)

A

CCB, txt of HTN, angina, assess for constipation

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78
Q

Carafate

A

tx of duodenal ulcers, coats the ulcer , so take before meals

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79
Q

Theophylline

A

tx of asthma and COPD, therapeutic drug level 10-20

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80
Q

Mucomyst is the antidote for? admin ?

A

tylenol, orally

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81
Q

Diamox

A

tx of glaucoma, high altitude sickness, don’t tale if allergic to sulfa drugs

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82
Q

Indocin

A

NSAID, tx of arthritis ( osteo, rheumatoid, gouty) , bursistis, tendonitis

83
Q

Synthroid

A

tx of hypothyroidism, may take several weeks to take effect, notify the doctor of chest pain, take in the morning on empty stomach, can cause hyperthyroidism

84
Q

Librium

A

tx of alcohol w/d, don’t tale alcohol with this , very bad nausea and vomiting can occur

85
Q

Oncovin ( vincristine )

A

tx of leukemia, given IV only

86
Q

Kwell

A

tx of scabies and lice, apply lotion and leave on 8-12 hours (lice) , use the shampoo and leave on for 4 mins with hair uncovered then rinse with warm water and comb with a fine tooth comb

87
Q

Premarin

A

tx of menopause estrogen replacement

88
Q

Dilantin

A

tx of seizures, therapeutic level 10-20

89
Q

Navane

A

tx of schizophrenia, asses for EPS

90
Q

Ritalin

A

ADHD, asses for heart related side effects (report immediately) child may need a drug holiday, could stunt growth

91
Q

Dopamine ( Intropine )

A

tx for hypotension, shock, low cardiac output, poor perfusion to vital organs, monitor EKG for arrhythmias, monitor BP.

92
Q

Fetal HR Patterns

A

VEAL CHOP
V-variable dcels c-cord compression
E-early decals h- head compression (cause)
A- accels O-okay !
L- late decels P- placental insufficiency , can’t fill

93
Q

For cord compression, place the mother ______ position

A

Trendelenburg, because this removes the pressure of the presenting part off the cord. (If her head is down, the baby is no longer being pulled by gravity).

94
Q

Prolapsed cord…

A

cover it with sterile gauze to prevent drying of the cord and to minimize infection

95
Q

For late decals… place mother ?

A

on her left side to allow more blood flow to the placenta

96
Q

For any bad FHR, give ?

A

O2 by masks

97
Q

When doing an epidural anesthesia what is a priority ?

A

Hydrate patient first

98
Q

What are major risks in pregnancies?

A

hypotension, bradypnea, bradycardia

99
Q

NCLEX tip about prego question

A

Never check the monitor or machine first. Always assess first; for example listen to the fetal heart tones with the stethoscope in NCLEX land. Sometimes its hard to tell who to check on first, the mother or the baby, its usually easy to tell the right answer if the mother or baby involves a machine. If you’re not sure who to check first, and one of the choices involves a mating, that is the wrong answer

100
Q

If the baby is in the posterior position….

A

the sounds are heard at the sides

101
Q

If the baby is in the anterior position….

A

the sounds are heard closer to the midline, between the umbilicus and where you would listen to a posterior presentation.

102
Q

If the baby is breeched the sounds are heard…

A

high up in the funds near the umbilicus

103
Q

If the baby is vertex..

A

the sounds are a little bit above the symphysis pubis

104
Q

Also for ventilator alarms ( HOLD)

A

High alarm- Obstruction due to increase secretions, kink, pt. coughs, gag, or bites. Low press alarms - Disconnection or leak in ventilator or in pt. airway cuff, pt. stops spontaneous breathing

105
Q

Hot and Dry Sugar High

Cold and Clammy need some candy

A

hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia

106
Q

ICP and shock have opposite vitals.. go !

A

ICP- hypertension, decreased pulse, decreased resp.

Shock - hypotension, increased pulse, increased resp

107
Q

What is Cor Pulmonale ?

A

right sided heart failure caused by left ventricular failure
(so pick edema, jvd, if it is a choice)

108
Q

Heroin withdrawal with neonate will have…

A

irritable poor sucking

109
Q

Jews- NO and NO

A

milk and meat together

110
Q

Pulse area for cpr on infant?

A

brachial

111
Q

When to test child for lead poising?

A

12 months

112
Q

3 sources of K+

A

bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits

113
Q

before starting IV antibiotics?

A

cultures are obtained

114
Q

Pt with leukemia may have ?

A

epitaxis b/c of low platelets

115
Q

Best way to warm newborn

A

skin to skin contact covered with blanket on mom

116
Q

When patient comes in and she is in active labor… nurse first action is to ??

A

listen to fetal HR and tone

117
Q

Phobic d/o use…

A

systematic desensitization

118
Q

NCLEX TIP

A

When getting down to two answers choose the assessment answer (assess, collect, auscultate, monitor, palpate) over the intervention except in an emergency or distress situation. If one answer has an absolute, discard it. Give priority to answers that deal directly to the patient’s body, not the machines/equipments.

119
Q

NCLEX TIP

A

Key words are very important. Avoid answers with absolutes like: always, never, must

120
Q

With lower amputations patient is placed..

A

prone

121
Q

Small frequent feeding are…

A

better than large ones

122
Q

What can not be delegated to UAP?

A

assessment, teaching, meds, evaluation, unstable patient

123
Q

LVN/LPN cannot..

A

handle blood

124
Q

Amynoglycosides (like Vancomycin) cause ( 2 things )

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

125
Q

IV push should go over..

A

2 mins

126
Q

NCLEX TIP

A

If the patient is not a child an answer with family option can be ruled out easily

127
Q

In an emergency who is treated first?

A

patient with greater chance to live are treated first

128
Q

ARDS (define) DIC (define) are always….

A

fluids in the alveoli, disseminated intravascular coagulation , secondary to another disease

129
Q

Cardinal sign for ARDS?

A

hypoxemia ( low O2 in the tissues )

130
Q

In pH regulation what are the two organs of concern?

A

lungs and kidneys

131
Q

Edema is located?

A

in the interstitial space not the cardiovascular space

132
Q

Best indicator of dehydration?

A

weight

133
Q

Where ever there is glucose what follows?

A

water

134
Q

What can reduce Reye’s syndrome in children ?

A

aspirin

135
Q

When aspirin is given once a day, it acts like…

A

an antiplatelet

136
Q

What to use for acute and chronic pain ?

A

acute(sprained ankle)- cold chronic(rheumatoid arthritis)-hot

137
Q

Guided imagery is great for ?

A

chronic pain

138
Q

When patient is in distress..

A

medication admin is rarely a good choice

139
Q

With pneumonia 1) and 2) are present… with the elderly ___ is present

A

fever, chills

confusion

140
Q

Always check for allergies when admin antibiotics especially _____, make sure culture and sensitivity has been done before admin. of first dose of antibiotic

A

PNC

141
Q

Cor pulmonale - s/s _____ ______ . ____ heart failure caused by ____ disease, occurs with 1) and 2)

A

fluid overload
rt. heart failure
pulmonary
bronchitis and emphysema

142
Q

COPD is _____ (2 types of COPD)

Pneumonia is ______

A

chronic emphysema, bronchitis

acute

143
Q

In COPD patients the baroreceptors that detect ____ levels are ____. Therefore ____ levels must be ___ because high O2 concentrations blows the patient’s stimulus for breathing

A

CO2 , destroyed

O2, low

144
Q

Exacerbation =

A

acute, distress

145
Q

EPI is always given with

A

TB syringe

146
Q

Prednisone toxicity: ________ _________

A

cushings syndrome : buffalo hump, moon face, high glucose, hypertension.

147
Q

Cancer management

A

chemo, radiation, surgery, allow to die with dignity

148
Q

Neutropenic patients : No ____, ____, _____

A

live vaccines, fresh fruits, no flowers

149
Q

Chest tubes are placed…

A

in the pleural space

150
Q

Angina..

A

low oxygen to heart tissues - no dead tissue

151
Q

MI..

A

dead heart tissue

152
Q

Mevacor

A

anticholesterol med - must be given with evening meal if it is QD per day

153
Q

Nitroglycerin is admin up to ____ times a day, ever ___ mins. If chest pain does not stop go to the hospital. do not give when…

A

3 times a day
5 mins
less than 90/60

154
Q

Preload affects…

Afterload is the..

A

the amount of blood that goes through the R. ventricle

the resistance the blood has to overcome when leaving the heart

155
Q

CCB affect

A

afterload

156
Q

For a CABG operation when the great saphenous vein is taken it is….

A

turned inside out due to the valves that are inside

157
Q

Unstable angina is not..

A

relieved by nitroglycerin

158
Q

Dead tissues can not have PVCs, but if left untreated pvc’s can lead to ?

A

ventricular fibrillation

159
Q

1 t = how many mL

A

5

160
Q

1T = how many t and mL

A

3, 15

161
Q

1 oz = how many mL

A

30

162
Q

1 cup = ___ oz

A

8

163
Q

1 quart = ___ pints

A

2

164
Q

1 pint = ____ cups

A

1

165
Q

1 gr = ____ mg

A

60

166
Q

1 g = ____ mg

A

1000

167
Q

1 kg= ____ lbs

A

2.2

168
Q

1 lb = ___ oz

A

16

169
Q

How to convert C to F

How to covert F to C

A 
F= C+40, multiply 9/5 and subtract 40
C= F+40 , multiply 5/9 and subtract 40
170
Q

Angiotensin 2 in the lungs = ______ ______, Aldosterone attracts?

A

Potent vasodialator

sodium

171
Q

Reverse Agent= Heparin

A

protamine sulfate

172
Q

Reverse Agent=Coumadin

A

Vitamin K

173
Q

Reverse Agent= Ammonia

A

lactulose

174
Q

Reverse Agent=Acetaminophen

A

n-Acetylcysteine

175
Q

Reverse Agent=Iron

A

deferoxamine

176
Q

Reverse Agent=Digoxin

A

Digibind

177
Q

Reverse Agent=Alcohol Withdraw

A

Librium

178
Q

An opioid analgesic used to detoxify / treat pain in narcotic addicts

A

methadone

179
Q

What electrolyte potentiates dig toxicity ?

A

K+

180
Q

Heparin prevents

A

PTT/PT

181
Q

What is elevated when patient is on Coumadin ?

A

PTT/PT

182
Q

Cardiac output decreases with ?

Dopamine does?

A

dysryhtmias

increases BP

183
Q

Med of choice for vtach?

A

lidocane

184
Q

Med od choice for SVT

A

adenosine or adenocard

185
Q

Asytole ?

Med of choice?

A

no heart beat, atropine

186
Q

Med of choice for CHF

A

ace inhibitor

187
Q

Med of choice for anaphylactic shock

A

epi

188
Q

Med of choice for status epilepticus

A

valium

189
Q

Med of choice for bipolar d/o

A

lithium

190
Q

Amiodorone is effective in 1) and 2) complications

A

atrial and ventricular complications

191
Q

What sound is normal in CHF but not an MI

A

S3

192
Q

When to give Carafate?

A

Before meals to coat the stomach

193
Q

Protonix is given….

A

prophylactically to prevent stress ulcers

194
Q

After and endoscopy check?

A

gag reflex

195
Q

How is TPN given ?

A

subclavian line

196
Q

What does low residue diet mean ?

A

low fiber

197
Q

What is diverticulitis ? and where is the pain ?

A

Inflammation of the diverticulum , LL quadrant

198
Q

What is appendicitis and where is the pain with rebound tenderness?

A

inflammation of the appendix, RL quadrant

199
Q

______ + ______ = ascities

A

portal hypertension + albuminemia

200
Q

What produces insulin ?

A

beta cells of the pancreas

201
Q

What is contraindicated in pancreatitis? And what should be given instead?

A

Morphine- causes spasm of the Sphincter of ODDI

Give Demerol

202
Q

Trousseau and Tchovoski signs are observed in ?

A

hypocalcemia

203
Q

What is given with meals with pancreatitis

A

pancreatic enzymes

NCLEX REVIEW (7 decks)

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