Random Questions Flashcards
What are the 4 common causes of drug-induced urticaria
Penicillin, NSAIDs, aspirin and opiates
What is second line treatment for eczema
Topical corticosteroid
1st = topical emollient
What nail change is seen in psoriasis
Nail pitting (as well as eczema and alopecia areata)
Leukonychia
Onycholysis
Subungal hyperkeratosis
What is the virus responsible for chickenpox
Varicella zoster virus (Human Herpes virus 3)
What virus is associated with the development of molluscum contagiosum
Poxvirus
Exacerbating and relieving factors of Psoriasis
Exacerbated by beta-blockers, stress
Relieved by sun exposure
Topical steroid potencies
‘Help every budding dermatologist’
Mild - hydrocortisone
Moderate - eumovate
Potent - betnovate
Very potent - Dermovate
What type of sensitivity reactions are pemphigous vulgaris and bulllous pemphigoid
Type II
What are the differences between bullous pemphigoid and pemphigous vulgaris
,
What are risk factors for necrotising fasciitis
Old age
Immunosuppression
Diabetes
Obesity
Chronic illness
Malignancy
What is the management of necrotising fasciitis
Haemodynamic support, urgent debridement surgery and broad spectrum antibiotics
What is shingles
Reactivation of the varicella zoster virus which can lie dormant in basal ganglia (on reactivation patients can feel a tingling sensation) following the primary infection
Shingles in young adults should prompt investigations into underlying immune conditions
Dermatomal distribution
Treatment for shingles
Oral antiviral - valaciclovir 1g 3D for 7 days
What is Nikolsky’s sign
A rash that peels off when pressure is applied = + sign
What is Steven-Johnson syndrome
An immune complex mediated hypersensitivity disorder
It is a dermatological emergency and in most cases can be caused by a reaction to medication or can follow viral infections
Clinical features include: ulceration of mucosa - mouth, conjunctiva, urethra, pharynx, GI tract
What is an established complication of oral retinoids
Teratogenicity
Eg isotretinoin - used for severe acne (roacutane)
Therefore it is advised that any female patients taking roacutane are on two other contraceptions one month before and one month after
What is in indicator as to the recurrence of melanoma
Breslow’s thickness
Thickened skin her partner has noted - and is unsure how long its been there. No pruritus, no bleeding or discomfort
What is the name of this rash? And what is the underlying cause ?
Acanthosis Nigricans due to insulin resistance
What is acanthosis nigricans
Symmetrical, brown velvety plaques often found around the neck, groin and armpits
Causes of Acanthosis nigricans
T2DM
GI cancer !!
Obesity
Endocrine:
Acromegaly/Cushings/hypothyroidism
Drugs: combined oral contraceptive
1st line mxm for venous ulcer with an ABPI between 0.9-1.2
Compression bandaging
What is this
Molluscum contagiosum
Is treatment recommended in molluscum contagiosum ?
No - it is self-limiting and should resolute within 18 months
Avoid sharing towels/clothes with someone with this
Symptom control only ie itch - mild hydrocortisone
What is Atopic eruption of pregnancy
Most common skin disorder found in pregnancy
Typically presents as an eczematous itchy red rash
What is this
Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
A pruritic conditions associated with the last trimester
Lesions often first appear in abdominal striae
Mxm - depends on severity, emollients, mild topical steroids, and oral steroids may be used
Where does pemphigoid gestationis usually appear
In the peri-umbilical region - later spreading to trunk, back and buttocks
What is this
Pityriasis versicolor - looks a lot like vitiligo
*coming back from holiday these white patches appear - circular in shape and itchy
What is this
Pityriasis versicolor
White circular patches that are slightly itchy - caused by Malassezia furfur (subcutaneous fungal infection)
