Random Qs Flashcards
Causative organism responsible for epiglottitis
Haemophilia influenza type B
What does Hirschsprung’s cause
Chronic constipation - in utero the distal colon is not innervated correctly > resulting in an aganglionic colon which is shrunken and not able to distend properly > causing a back pressure of stool trapped in the more proximal colon
How does Hirschsprungs present
Can present at birth:
Delay in passing meconium
Distended abdomen
Forceful evacuation of meconium after digital rectal examination
Diagnosis of Hirschsprung
Rectal suction biopsy
Mxm of hirschsprungs
Removal of aganglionic colon and healthy bowel is pulled through
A 14 year old boy is brought to the GP by his mother because she is ‘at her wit’s end’ with him.
For the past 4 years, she reports his behaviour has been out of control. He has been excluded from school 4 times for punching other students in the playground and graffitiing school property. He has been barred from the local corner shop for stealing snacks and his mother no longer keeps cash in the house because he just takes it. His mother says she has never had any problems with her other son, who is 16 and doing well at school. When you ask the boy about his behaviour, he just shrugs and looks bored whilst his mother cries.
What personality disorder is most associated with this patient’s disorder?
Conduct disorder
(<18yrs = conduct, 18yrs> antisocial personality disorder)
More common in males
Presentation: physical aggression, destructive behaviour, stealing
Prognosis is poor
Ground glass appearance on X-Ray
Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
What produces surfactant
Type II pneumocytes
How does RDS of the newborn present?
Onset of tachypnoea, signs of respiratory distress - grunting, nasal flaring, intercostal recession
Factors that make a baby more predisposed to RDS
Mother has GDM, prematurity, caesarean section
Mxm of RDS of newborn
Intratracheal instillation of artificial surfactant
Giving the mother glucocorticoids
What is the common complication of roseola infantum
Febrile convulsions
What is roseola infantum
-human herpes virus 6 causes it
Presents as initially febrile and lethargic - high fevers
As the fever subsides - a blanching, rose-pink macular rash erupts and typically covers the trunk
What are wide-spaced nipples, low hairline
Short stature and dysmorphic figure
Murmur and weak femoral pulse suggestive of ?
(7 year old girl)
Turner’s syndrome
T/F turners affects both sexes
F - female only is affected
X chromosome is missing/partially missing
45XO
Mxm of turners
Growth hormone therapy
Oestrogen replacement therapy to allow development of secondary sexual characteristics
Complications of turners
Increased risk of CV incident (aortic stenosis and aortic dissection)
What is associated with Kawasaki disease (development of…)
Coronary aneurysms - therefore investigations after clinical suspicion of Kawasaki includes echocardiogram
What is a common radiological finding in rickets
Widened epiphyseal plates
Bowed femurs
What is rickets
Clinical manifestation of vit D deficiency in children
What would the acid-base look like in a baby with severe pyloric stenosis
Hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
(Severe vomiting result in loss of stomach hydrochloric acid
Loss of Cl causes hypochloremia
Loss of hydrogen ions caudate’s alkalosis
loss of H+ results in increased renal re-absorption of H+ in exchange for K+ > hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic acidosis)
Smooth olive-sized mass in the left epigastric region ?
Pyloric stenosis
