Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds > Random peds > Flashcards

Random peds Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the criteria for diagnosing DKA?

A
  1. random glucose >200. 2. pH<15 3. ketouria or ketonemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do you confirm & monitor DKA?

A

blood [beta-hydroxybutyrate]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MCC of diabetes associated death in kids?

A

cerebral edema (likely linked to sodium bicarb admin leading to CNS acidosis & hypokalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you calc a corrected serum sodium?

A

Corrected sodium = [{(measured glucose - 100) / 100} x 1.6] + measured sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why is hyponatremia corrected over 24hrs?

A

avoid central pontine myelinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of Kawasaki:

A

CRASH & Burn. Conjuctival injection (w/ limbic sparing). Rash. Asymmetrical lymphadenopathy. Strawberry tongue & lips. Hand erythema & swelling. 5 days of fever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary concern/complication in kawasaki disease?

A

Cardio: myocarditis, coronary aneurysms…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purulent discharge in days 2-5 of life

A

Gonnococcal conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RSV bronchiolitis vs. Chlamydia pneumonia

A

BOTH: cough, tachypnea & rales. ONLY RSV: fever & wheezing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs of & most common time of infection of Congenital Rubella Syn

A

1st 4weeks of pregnancy; Eyes, Heart & hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coverage for a CF px with a pneumonia (likely pseudomonas)?

A

A penicillin deriv + aminoglycoside. (ceftazidine + gentimicin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins & hypotension (+ cardiomegaly)

A

(Beck’s Triad) - pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cytothione Synthase Def (homocystinuria) vs. Marfan’s Syn

A

Thromboembolic events in CS! 1. Lens (marfans up; CS down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Malabsorption + Iron deficiency anemia

A

Cealic’s disease: antiendomysial-Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Child 2-5 with palpable abd mass that doesn’t cross midline, & hematuria

A

Wilms Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DX & TX: erythematous, pruritic rash that forms a circle. hx of swimming.

A

Tinia corporis; tx w/ terbinafine (anti-fungal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alternative name for osgood-schlatter’s

A

traction apophysitis - pain with leg extension; edema & tender at prox TIBIAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

growth from Rathke’s pouch in the suprasellar space

A

craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Overweight teen with knee pain and a limp

A

SCFE - Slipped capped femoral epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

presenting symptoms of AIDS in infant

A

persistent oral thrush, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly + intractable diarrhea, chronic infections & FTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

blood & mucous stools in 2yr old

A

intussuception; MC ileocolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 diagnostic tests for systemic lupus erythematosus

A

anti-SmithAb & anti-nuclearAb; note the RPR syphilis test will be false(+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: lymphblasts lack peroxidase(+) granules but DO have periodic acid shift material

A

TRUE - Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (ALL) - also TdT (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rename: Obesity hypogonadism syndrome w/ ‘diamond’ eyes and downturned mouth

A

Prader-Willi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name:Neonatal hypoglycemia, macroglossia, viseromegaly, omphalocele & earlobe crease

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Down syndrome child with upper motor neuron findings

A

atlantoaxial instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MC presentation of langerhans cell histiocytosis

A

single, painful, lytic bone lesion with some swelling & hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

marfanoid features + thromboembolic event =

A

homocystinuria (inc adhesiveness of platelets; cerebral events most likely)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Babies born at home who appear to have a coagulation disorder actually have…

A

Vit K disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

neovascularization (pannus) with follicular conjunctivitis

A

Trachoma - chlamydia serovars A-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Top 3 bacteria that cause acute otitis media (dec mobility TM)

A
  1. strep pneumoniae 2. non-typable hemaeophils influenza 3. moraxella catarrhalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Congenital malformation of the biliary ducts in which intra or extra-hepatic ducts are dilated

A

Choledochal cyst : presents with abd pain, jaundice & recurrent pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

DX & MCC: barking cough in toddler, lat xray w/ subepiglottic narrowing & cold symptoms

A

Croup - MCC is parainfluenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

If a child has a (recent) history of trauma to the soft palate with a foreign object, suspect:

A

internal carotid artery dissection (stroke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the indications for a renal & bladder US in a child?

A

febrile UTI<2yo; recurrent UTI; family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When do you workup jaundice?

A
  1. presentation before 24h old 2. bili inc> 5mg/dl/hr 3. serum bili>12 4. jaundice >14days. 5. direct bili>2mg EVER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

At what point do you treat nocturnal enuresis & how?

A

after 4-5yrs of age - tx: desmopressin or imipramine

38
Q

presentation (with cause of each (5) symptom) of Celiac disease

A
  1. bulky, foul stool 2. bone pain (osteomalacia) 3. bruising (vitK def) 4. pallor (anemia) 5. hyperkeratosis (vit A def) –anti endomysial-Ab & transglutaminaseAb
39
Q

Top 2 on your ddx in an infant with hyperbilirubinemia & jaundice -

A
  1. biliary atresia 2. choledochal cyst
40
Q

Hallmarks of pyloric stenosis

A
  1. forceful/projectile NONbiliary emesis 2. ‘string sign’ on US 3. dehydration w/ hypokalemia & hypochloremic metabolic ALKalosis 4. voracious appetite
41
Q

DDX for bilious vomiting

A

intusussecption, malrotation, volvulus

42
Q

DX for 6-9mo male with hx of recurrent otitis media & pneumonia + low Ig- levels

A

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

43
Q

Signs & cause of fanconi syndrome

A

Cx: chromosomal breaks. S: thrombocytopenia, macrocytic anemia, cafe au lait spots, bleeding issues

44
Q

cause of HUS & organ system most at risk

A

d/t e.coli infxn; kidneys at risk

45
Q

MCC of viral meningitis

A

enteroviruses (nonpolio) - echo & coxsackie

46
Q

Tx for sickle cell anemia

A

hydroxyurea

47
Q

DX for tetrad of abd pain, rash, arthralgia, and renal disease.

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura - igA mediated vasculitis of small vessels - mesangial deposition in kidneys

48
Q

Top 3 Viral causes of acute otitis media

A

RSV, influenza & rhinovirus

49
Q

term for ‘edema that crosses suture lines’ in a newborn

A

Caput Succedaneum

50
Q

term for ‘fluctuant swelling that does not cross suture lines’ in newborn

A

Cephalohematoma

51
Q

Which is removed & describe both - nevus simplex & nevus sebaceous?

A

Sebaceous- alopecia w/ orange skin: can become malignant. Simplex= salmon patch

52
Q

2 Inherited causes of INdirect hyperbilirubinemia?

A
  1. Gilbert syn (low glucoroynl transferase level) 2. Crigler-Najjar t1
53
Q

2 Inherited causes of Direct hyperbilirubinemia?

A

1.Dubin-Johnson (black liver/ cant see gallbladder) 2. Rotor Syn - normal liver histo & color

54
Q

If a baby’s dx with TE fistula, what other anomalies might exist?

A

(VACTER assoc.) Vertebral, Anal atresia, Cardiac, (TE fistula), Renal/radial

55
Q

DX: Newborn baby gets cyanotic while feeding but becomes pink when crying

A

Choanal atresia

56
Q

Describe an omphalocele & the syndromes with which it’s associated

A

Guts within sac - assoc with Edwards(18), Patau(13) & Beckwith Weidemann(think gigantism w/ hypoglycemia)

57
Q

What is waardenburg syndrome?

A

short palpebral fissures, white forelock & DEAFness. assoc w/ adv. paternal age

58
Q

What are the expected complication for sickle cell px? (4)

A
  1. Jaundice 2. Anemia 3. Stroke 4. Respiratory problems - +Acute chest syn
59
Q

What are the S&S of acute chest syn?

A

fever, cough, chest pain (atelectesis) shortness of breath, dec O2

60
Q

teen with edema, LOW serum albumin, HIGH serum globulin…

A

minimal change disease - - give prednisone

61
Q

Gaucher disease - cause & characteristic findings

A

d/t deficient activity of acid beta-glucosidase - “wrinkled paper” cells; bone fractures & pain (flask femur), easy bruising, fatigue (in Jew)

62
Q

DX for elevated 17-hydroxylase, hirsuitism, virulism & normal menstration

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

63
Q

Mono is caused by what virus & with what presentation?

A

EBV (can have exudative peritonsillitis) + rash after amoxicillin administration

64
Q

Reye syndrome change on the liver

A

fatty change - fat vacuoles in liver w/ minimal inflammation

65
Q

location of medulloblastoma

A

cerebellar vermis; infratentorial

66
Q

Child with symptoms of endocrine dysregulation and peripheral vision loss

A

Craniopharyngioma - cystic structure w/ calcifications in the sella turcica

67
Q

A child w/ CNS symptoms indicative of cerebral changes (not endocrine or cerebellar)

A

Astrocytoma (MC) - Infratentorial 6 /1 Supra

68
Q

Girl with VUR & recurrent UTIs is dx with chronic pyelonephritis b/c what was seen on IV P?

A

b/l focal parenchymal scarring & blunting of calices

69
Q

TX for pertussis

A

macrolide (erythromycin…)

70
Q

Name the 5 CHD’s that cause Blue Babies

A

truncus arteriosis, transposition of great arteries, tricuspid atresia, Tetrology of fallot, Total anomalous pulm. venous return

71
Q

What is most common obstuction site of the GU tract & what change occurs if not completely occluded?

A

Ureteropelvic junction - last to canalize - hydronephrosis

72
Q

Why & how does (DKA) hyperglycemia cause a fluid electrolyte imbalance?

A

Px are Hyper-tonic w/ Hypo-volumic. Glucose in nephron lumen pulls other electrolytes d/t electrochemical gradient - dehyrates and de-volumizes px

73
Q

With what abnormalities is Turner’s syn associated?

A

cystic hygromas, osteoporosis, horseshoe kidneys, streak ovaries, coarchtation of aorta

74
Q

Name 2 characteristics & 2 (future) risks of Von Hippel Lindau?

A

hemangioma of retina & cerebellum. risks: pheochromocytoma & renal cell carcinoma

75
Q

What 3 bone tumors occur in children?

A

Osteochondroma (benign; metaphysis) , Osteosarcoma (sunburst; knee), Ewing’s sarcoma (onion-skin; diaphysis)

76
Q

DX: Child w/ recnt pyogenic infxns, partial albinism & peripheral neuropathy.

A

Chediak-Higashi syn - defective microtubule sorting

77
Q

Cause & symptoms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

A

tI collagen - blue sclera, cavities, hearing loss, fragile bones

78
Q

Diseases assoc with advanced Paternal age -

A

achondroplasia, wardeenberg syndrome, Noonan syndrome

79
Q

Child with Down syn are at inc risk for -

A

Congenital heart defects (ASD MC), duodenal atresia, ALL, alzheimers

80
Q

Clinical signs (PE & EKG) of myocarditis

A

gallop, distant heart sounds, dilated ventricles & LA, EKG-low voltage

81
Q

Common microbial causes of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B & adenovirus

82
Q

Rheumatic Fever is dx via the Jones criteria - Major criteria include:

A

Polyarteritis, Carditis, Chorea (pathonomonic), erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules (from MC to least)

83
Q

Male Turner syn/ Noonan Syndrome includes what characteristics/features:

A

shieldchest, ptosis, short, low & malformed ears, Pulmonic Stenosis, cryptorchidism - - assoc w adv paternal age

84
Q

Heart issue assoc w/ Ehlers-Danlos

A

MVP

85
Q

DX: cyanotic baby, RV axis deviation/ hypertrophy, single heart sound, no resp. distress

A

Transposition of Great Vessels diabetes

86
Q

DX: cyanotic baby w/ hypoplastic RV, LV impulse & holosystolic murmur w/ (EKG)- LAD, LVH

A

Tricuspid Atresia - need VSD & ASD to live

87
Q

Clinical manifestations of truncus arteriosis

A

cyanosis, cardiomegaly, systolic ejection murmur (LLSB), loud S2, bounding & widened pulses

88
Q

px w/ 4 heart sounds, systolic murmur & mid-diatolic murmur @ LLSB. What would EKG show to confirm your dx?

A

RAH & RV conduction defects on EKG confirm Ebstein’s anomaly

89
Q

If giving PGE to a cyanotic infant, for what SE do you need to watch?

A

hypoventilation - have an artificial airway plan

90
Q

DX: Syncope episodes (late childhood/teens) when stressed w/ arrythmias. Some px have congenital deafness

A

Prolonged QT syndrome - assoc w. Jervell-Lange-Nielson SYN & Romano-Ward syn

91
Q

Lupus baby’s manifestations of thrombocytopenia, malar rash, neutropenia, liver dysfunction all resolve. Which additional presenting symptom is permanant?

A

Congenital Heart Block - requires pacing

Peds (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions