Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds > Random peds > Flashcards

Random peds Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the criteria for diagnosing DKA?

A
  1. random glucose >200. 2. pH<15 3. ketouria or ketonemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do you confirm & monitor DKA?

A

blood [beta-hydroxybutyrate]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MCC of diabetes associated death in kids?

A

cerebral edema (likely linked to sodium bicarb admin leading to CNS acidosis & hypokalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you calc a corrected serum sodium?

A

Corrected sodium = [{(measured glucose - 100) / 100} x 1.6] + measured sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why is hyponatremia corrected over 24hrs?

A

avoid central pontine myelinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of Kawasaki:

A

CRASH & Burn. Conjuctival injection (w/ limbic sparing). Rash. Asymmetrical lymphadenopathy. Strawberry tongue & lips. Hand erythema & swelling. 5 days of fever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary concern/complication in kawasaki disease?

A

Cardio: myocarditis, coronary aneurysms…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purulent discharge in days 2-5 of life

A

Gonnococcal conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RSV bronchiolitis vs. Chlamydia pneumonia

A

BOTH: cough, tachypnea & rales. ONLY RSV: fever & wheezing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs of & most common time of infection of Congenital Rubella Syn

A

1st 4weeks of pregnancy; Eyes, Heart & hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coverage for a CF px with a pneumonia (likely pseudomonas)?

A

A penicillin deriv + aminoglycoside. (ceftazidine + gentimicin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins & hypotension (+ cardiomegaly)

A

(Beck’s Triad) - pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cytothione Synthase Def (homocystinuria) vs. Marfan’s Syn

A

Thromboembolic events in CS! 1. Lens (marfans up; CS down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Malabsorption + Iron deficiency anemia

A

Cealic’s disease: antiendomysial-Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Child 2-5 with palpable abd mass that doesn’t cross midline, & hematuria

A

Wilms Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DX & TX: erythematous, pruritic rash that forms a circle. hx of swimming.

A

Tinia corporis; tx w/ terbinafine (anti-fungal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alternative name for osgood-schlatter’s

A

traction apophysitis - pain with leg extension; edema & tender at prox TIBIAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

growth from Rathke’s pouch in the suprasellar space

A

craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Overweight teen with knee pain and a limp

A

SCFE - Slipped capped femoral epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

presenting symptoms of AIDS in infant

A

persistent oral thrush, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly + intractable diarrhea, chronic infections & FTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

blood & mucous stools in 2yr old

A

intussuception; MC ileocolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 diagnostic tests for systemic lupus erythematosus

A

anti-SmithAb & anti-nuclearAb; note the RPR syphilis test will be false(+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: lymphblasts lack peroxidase(+) granules but DO have periodic acid shift material

A

TRUE - Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (ALL) - also TdT (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rename: Obesity hypogonadism syndrome w/ ‘diamond’ eyes and downturned mouth

A

Prader-Willi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name:Neonatal hypoglycemia, macroglossia, viseromegaly, omphalocele & earlobe crease
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syn
26
Down syndrome child with upper motor neuron findings
atlantoaxial instability
27
MC presentation of langerhans cell histiocytosis
single, painful, lytic bone lesion with some swelling & hypercalcemia
28
marfanoid features + thromboembolic event =
homocystinuria (inc adhesiveness of platelets; cerebral events most likely)
29
Babies born at home who appear to have a coagulation disorder actually have...
Vit K disorder
30
neovascularization (pannus) with follicular conjunctivitis
Trachoma - chlamydia serovars A-C
31
Top 3 bacteria that cause acute otitis media (dec mobility TM)
1. strep pneumoniae 2. non-typable hemaeophils influenza 3. moraxella catarrhalis
32
Congenital malformation of the biliary ducts in which intra or extra-hepatic ducts are dilated
Choledochal cyst : presents with abd pain, jaundice & recurrent pancreatitis
33
DX & MCC: barking cough in toddler, lat xray w/ subepiglottic narrowing & cold symptoms
Croup - MCC is parainfluenza virus
34
If a child has a (recent) history of trauma to the soft palate with a foreign object, suspect:
internal carotid artery dissection (stroke)
35
What are the indications for a renal & bladder US in a child?
febrile UTI<2yo; recurrent UTI; family history
36
When do you workup jaundice?
1. presentation before 24h old 2. bili inc> 5mg/dl/hr 3. serum bili>12 4. jaundice >14days. 5. direct bili>2mg EVER
37
At what point do you treat nocturnal enuresis & how?
after 4-5yrs of age - tx: desmopressin or imipramine
38
presentation (with cause of each (5) symptom) of Celiac disease
1. bulky, foul stool 2. bone pain (osteomalacia) 3. bruising (vitK def) 4. pallor (anemia) 5. hyperkeratosis (vit A def) --anti endomysial-Ab & transglutaminaseAb
39
Top 2 on your ddx in an infant with hyperbilirubinemia & jaundice -
1. biliary atresia 2. choledochal cyst
40
Hallmarks of pyloric stenosis
1. forceful/projectile NONbiliary emesis 2. 'string sign' on US 3. dehydration w/ hypokalemia & hypochloremic metabolic ALKalosis 4. voracious appetite
41
DDX for bilious vomiting
intusussecption, malrotation, volvulus
42
DX for 6-9mo male with hx of recurrent otitis media & pneumonia + low Ig- levels
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
43
Signs & cause of fanconi syndrome
Cx: chromosomal breaks. S: thrombocytopenia, macrocytic anemia, cafe au lait spots, bleeding issues
44
cause of HUS & organ system most at risk
d/t e.coli infxn; kidneys at risk
45
MCC of viral meningitis
enteroviruses (nonpolio) - echo & coxsackie
46
Tx for sickle cell anemia
hydroxyurea
47
DX for tetrad of abd pain, rash, arthralgia, and renal disease.
Henoch-Schonlein purpura - igA mediated vasculitis of small vessels - mesangial deposition in kidneys
48
Top 3 Viral causes of acute otitis media
RSV, influenza & rhinovirus
49
term for 'edema that crosses suture lines' in a newborn
Caput Succedaneum
50
term for 'fluctuant swelling that does not cross suture lines' in newborn
Cephalohematoma
51
Which is removed & describe both - nevus simplex & nevus sebaceous?
Sebaceous- alopecia w/ orange skin: can become malignant. Simplex= salmon patch
52
2 Inherited causes of INdirect hyperbilirubinemia?
1. Gilbert syn (low glucoroynl transferase level) 2. Crigler-Najjar t1
53
2 Inherited causes of Direct hyperbilirubinemia?
1.Dubin-Johnson (black liver/ cant see gallbladder) 2. Rotor Syn - normal liver histo & color
54
If a baby's dx with TE fistula, what other anomalies might exist?
(VACTER assoc.) Vertebral, Anal atresia, Cardiac, (TE fistula), Renal/radial
55
DX: Newborn baby gets cyanotic while feeding but becomes pink when crying
Choanal atresia
56
Describe an omphalocele & the syndromes with which it's associated
Guts within sac - assoc with Edwards(18), Patau(13) & Beckwith Weidemann(think gigantism w/ hypoglycemia)
57
What is waardenburg syndrome?
short palpebral fissures, white forelock & DEAFness. assoc w/ adv. paternal age
58
What are the expected complication for sickle cell px? (4)
1. Jaundice 2. Anemia 3. Stroke 4. Respiratory problems - +Acute chest syn
59
What are the S&S of acute chest syn?
fever, cough, chest pain (atelectesis) shortness of breath, dec O2
60
teen with edema, LOW serum albumin, HIGH serum globulin...
minimal change disease - - give prednisone
61
Gaucher disease - cause & characteristic findings
d/t deficient activity of acid beta-glucosidase - "wrinkled paper" cells; bone fractures & pain (flask femur), easy bruising, fatigue (in Jew)
62
DX for elevated 17-hydroxylase, hirsuitism, virulism & normal menstration
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
63
Mono is caused by what virus & with what presentation?
EBV (can have exudative peritonsillitis) + rash after amoxicillin administration
64
Reye syndrome change on the liver
fatty change - fat vacuoles in liver w/ minimal inflammation
65
location of medulloblastoma
cerebellar vermis; infratentorial
66
Child with symptoms of endocrine dysregulation and peripheral vision loss
Craniopharyngioma - cystic structure w/ calcifications in the sella turcica
67
A child w/ CNS symptoms indicative of cerebral changes (not endocrine or cerebellar)
Astrocytoma (MC) - Infratentorial 6 /1 Supra
68
Girl with VUR & recurrent UTIs is dx with chronic pyelonephritis b/c what was seen on IV P?
b/l focal parenchymal scarring & blunting of calices
69
TX for pertussis
macrolide (erythromycin...)
70
Name the 5 CHD's that cause Blue Babies
truncus arteriosis, transposition of great arteries, tricuspid atresia, Tetrology of fallot, Total anomalous pulm. venous return
71
What is most common obstuction site of the GU tract & what change occurs if not completely occluded?
Ureteropelvic junction - last to canalize - hydronephrosis
72
Why & how does (DKA) hyperglycemia cause a fluid electrolyte imbalance?
Px are Hyper-tonic w/ Hypo-volumic. Glucose in nephron lumen pulls other electrolytes d/t electrochemical gradient - dehyrates and de-volumizes px
73
With what abnormalities is Turner's syn associated?
cystic hygromas, osteoporosis, horseshoe kidneys, streak ovaries, coarchtation of aorta
74
Name 2 characteristics & 2 (future) risks of Von Hippel Lindau?
hemangioma of retina & cerebellum. risks: pheochromocytoma & renal cell carcinoma
75
What 3 bone tumors occur in children?
Osteochondroma (benign; metaphysis) , Osteosarcoma (sunburst; knee), Ewing's sarcoma (onion-skin; diaphysis)
76
DX: Child w/ recnt pyogenic infxns, partial albinism & peripheral neuropathy.
Chediak-Higashi syn - defective microtubule sorting
77
Cause & symptoms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
tI collagen - blue sclera, cavities, hearing loss, fragile bones
78
Diseases assoc with advanced Paternal age -
achondroplasia, wardeenberg syndrome, Noonan syndrome
79
Child with Down syn are at inc risk for -
Congenital heart defects (ASD MC), duodenal atresia, ALL, alzheimers
80
Clinical signs (PE & EKG) of myocarditis
gallop, distant heart sounds, dilated ventricles & LA, EKG-low voltage
81
Common microbial causes of myocarditis
Coxsackie B & adenovirus
82
Rheumatic Fever is dx via the Jones criteria - Major criteria include:
Polyarteritis, Carditis, Chorea (pathonomonic), erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules (from MC to least)
83
Male Turner syn/ Noonan Syndrome includes what characteristics/features:
shieldchest, ptosis, short, low & malformed ears, Pulmonic Stenosis, cryptorchidism - - assoc w adv paternal age
84
Heart issue assoc w/ Ehlers-Danlos
MVP
85
DX: cyanotic baby, RV axis deviation/ hypertrophy, single heart sound, no resp. distress
Transposition of Great Vessels *diabetes*
86
DX: cyanotic baby w/ hypoplastic RV, LV impulse & holosystolic murmur w/ (EKG)- LAD, LVH
Tricuspid Atresia - need VSD & ASD to live
87
Clinical manifestations of truncus arteriosis
cyanosis, cardiomegaly, systolic ejection murmur (LLSB), loud S2, bounding & widened pulses
88
px w/ 4 heart sounds, systolic murmur & mid-diatolic murmur @ LLSB. What would EKG show to confirm your dx?
RAH & RV conduction defects on EKG confirm Ebstein's anomaly
89
If giving PGE to a cyanotic infant, for what SE do you need to watch?
hypoventilation - have an artificial airway plan
90
DX: Syncope episodes (late childhood/teens) when stressed w/ arrythmias. Some px have congenital deafness
Prolonged QT syndrome - assoc w. Jervell-Lange-Nielson SYN & Romano-Ward syn
91
Lupus baby's manifestations of thrombocytopenia, malar rash, neutropenia, liver dysfunction all resolve. Which additional presenting symptom is permanant?
Congenital Heart Block - requires pacing

Peds (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions