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Random peds 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Deficiencies: cheilosis, glossitis, ocular problems (keratitis, conjunctivitis, corneal vascularization), seborrheic dermatitis

A

Riboflavin deficiency

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2
Q

Deficiencies: depression, hypotension, muscle weakness, abd pain

A

Pantothenic acid

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3
Q

Deficiencies: dermatitis, seborrhea, anorexia, muscle pain, pallor, alopecia

A

Biotin

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4
Q

Deficiencies: dermatitis/ seborrhea

A

Biotin

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5
Q

Deficiencies: dermentia, dermatitis, diarrhea

A

Niacin/ Vita B3 (is pellagra)

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6
Q

Deficiencies: hemolytic anemia in premature infants

A

Vitamin E

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7
Q

Deficiencies: hoarseness, anorexia, restlessness, aphonia

A

Thiamine (Vita B1)

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8
Q

Deficiencies: irritability, convulsions, anemia

A

Pyridoxine/ Vita B6 (diff from presentations in adults)

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9
Q

Deficiencies: neuritis, edema, cardiac failure

A

Vita B1 (is beriberi)

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10
Q

Deficiencies: nightblindness, conjunctivitis, keratomalacia

A

Vitamin A

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11
Q

Deficiencies: seizures, peripheral neuritis, dermatitis, microcytic anemia

A

Vita B6 deficiency

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12
Q

Dx and Tx for acute bacterial sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin based on clinical, not radiographic findings

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13
Q

Dx and Tx for erythema migrans

A

Lyme Disease PO Amoxocillin (50mg/kg/day divided TID for 21 days) Doxycycline if >9yo

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14
Q

Dx and Tx for transposition

A

Echo Prostaglandin E1 to stabilize (maintains PDA), then surgery

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15
Q

Dx for muscular dystrophy

A

Muscle biopsy

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16
Q

Dx for suspected PUD

A

Endoscopy (allows for biopsy and culture)

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17
Q

Dx for suspected Sandifer syndrome

A

Esophageal pH probe

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18
Q

Dx for suspected severe GERD

A

Modified barium swallow with fluorscopy (allows visualization of swallow reflux)

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19
Q

Dx of EHEC (from uncooked beef)

A

Stool Cx on sorbitol-MacKonkey agar or assay for shiga toxin

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20
Q

Dx of lactose intolerance

A

Hydrogen excretion in breath after oral admin of lactose (or acidic stool pH in presence of reducing substances)

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21
Q

Dx of suspected Hodgkin’s

A

CXR to look for mediastinal mass, then LN biopsy

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22
Q

Dx test for immobilization hypercalcemia

A

Serum ionized calcium and urinary calcium to creatinine ratio

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23
Q

Dx test for proteinuria w/o hematuria

A

Repeat 2 more times (is most likely just transient proteinuria)

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24
Q

Excess vitamins: hyperostosis (excess bone growth), hepatomegaly, increased CSF pressure, dry skin

A

Vitamin A

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25
Q

Excess vitamins: nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, polyuria, soft tissue calcification

A

Vitamin D

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26
Q

Excess vitamins: sensory neuropathy with altered sensation of touch, pain, and fever

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

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27
Q

Excess vitamins: skin flushing and pruritis (long-term tachycardia, liver damage, hyperglycemia/uricemia)

A

Nicotinic acid (vasodilator)

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28
Q

Excess vitamins; kidney stones, diarrhea, cramps

A

Vitamin C

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29
Q

Excess: increased ICP, anorexia, hyperostosis (pain and swelling of long bones), alopecia, poor growth

A

Vita A

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30
Q

Excess: kidney stones

A

Vita C

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31
Q

Excess: sensory neuropathy

A

Pyridoxine

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32
Q

Ingestions: anorexia, bulging fontanelle (pseudotumor cerebri), hyperirritability, vomiting

A

Vita A

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33
Q

Ingestions: anorexia, N/V/D, headache, polyuria and polydipsia

A

Vita D

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34
Q

Ingestions: lethargy, cma, seizures, widened QRS/BBB

A

TCA poisoning

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35
Q

Ingestions: lethargy, fever, hyperpnea, vomiting, tinnitus, metabolic acidosis, unremarkable XR

A

Aspirin poisoning

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36
Q

Ingestions: N, V, diaphoresis, RUQ pain

A

Tylenol

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37
Q

Ingestions: N/V/D, abd pain, GI bleeding, metabolic acidosis, small opacities on XR

A

Iron poisoning

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38
Q

Ingestions: vomiting and agitation progressing to lethargy and restlessness, with convulsions, hyperammonemia, elevated LFTs and LDH, and hypglycemia

A

Reye’s syndrome (salicylate ingestion)

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39
Q

Most common acquired RBC aplasia in kids

A

Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood

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40
Q

Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidim

A

Thyroid dysgenesis

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41
Q

Most common cause of dacrocystitis

A

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction

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42
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism (thyromegaly) in kids

A

Lymphocytic (Hashimoto’s) thyroiditis

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43
Q

Most common cause of polycythemia in newborns

A

Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord –> excess transfer of placental blood

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44
Q

Most common cause of stroke in childhood

A

SCA

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45
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis

A

Enteroviruses (PERCH, though not polio: usually echo or coxsackie)

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46
Q

Most common causes of acute bacterial sinusitis

A

Same as ear infections: Strep pneumo Non-typable H flu Moraxella

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47
Q

Most common childhood malignancy

A

Leukemia

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48
Q

Most common complication of supracondylar fracture

A

Entrapment of brachial artery (so check the radial pulse)

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49
Q

Most common complication of untreated ureteral reflux in children

A

Renal scarring –> ESRD/ HTN

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50
Q

Most common complications of polycythemia in newborns

A

Respiratory distress, poor feeding, neuro symptoms (lethargy, irritability, seizures)

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51
Q

Most common congenital anomaly in Ehlers-Danlos

A

MVP

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52
Q

Most common congenital infection

A

CMV

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53
Q

Most common congenital obstructive urethral lesion in males (–> oliguria in newborns)

A

Posterior urethral valves (can lead to a distended bladder, palpable as abdominal mass)

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54
Q

Most common elbow dislocation

A

Posterior

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55
Q

Most common finding on peripheral smear in thalassemia

A

Target cells

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56
Q

Most common first sign of PHACE syndrome

A

Unilateral facial lesion (similar to Sturge-Weber) + blindness

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57
Q

Most common first symptom of autism

A

Lack of a social smile

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58
Q

Most common injuries in basketball players

A

Knees (and ankles), esp patellar tendonitis and Osgood-Schlatter

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59
Q

Most common injuries in swimmers

A

Shoulder injuries (rotator cuff tendonitis)

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60
Q

Most common non=CNS complication of Friedrich’s ataxia

A

Necrosis and degeneration of cardiac muscle fibers –> myocarditis, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyopathy (–> arrhythmias and CHF)

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61
Q

Most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis

A

Viral URI

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62
Q

Most common ski injury

A

Skier’s thumb (hyperextension and abduction of thumb)

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63
Q

Most common symptom with sickle cell trait

A

Painless hematuria

64
Q

Most common TEF is

A

Blind esophageal pouch (below it, distal esophagus is connected to the trachea)

65
Q

Most common tumors in kids 1-10yo (vs. 10)

A

Infratentorial (posterior fossa: cerebellar and brainstem) vs. supratentorial

66
Q

Tx for absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide or valproic acid

67
Q

Tx for acute glomerulonephritis with oliguria

A

Restrict fluid intake to avoid hypervolemia

68
Q

Tx for ADEM

A

High-dose corticosteroids

69
Q

Tx for alkaptonuria

A

None needed; supplemental ascorbic acid may delay onset of arthritis in adults

70
Q

Tx for atlantoaxial instability

A

Surgical fusion of C1 to C2

71
Q

Tx for bacterial lymphadenitis

A

Dicloxacillin (covers both staph and strep, 2 most common agents)

72
Q

Tx for bacterial tracheitis

A

Intubation + IV Abx

73
Q

Tx for bili > 17 and for bili > 25

A

Phototherapy Exchange transfusion

74
Q

Tx for breastfeeding jaundice

A

Increase the frequency and duration of feedings to stimulate more milk production

75
Q

Tx for bronchiolitis

A

Monitor fluid status/ oxygenation

76
Q

Tx for Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

A

IVIG infusion

77
Q

Tx for chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

Oral erythromycin or reduce risk of chlamydial PNA

78
Q

Tx for chlamydial infection in newborns

A

Oral macroles (azithromycin): treats both conjunctivitis and pneumonia

79
Q

Tx for chronic granulomatous disease?

A

Daily TMP-SMX and gamma-INF 3x/wk

80
Q

Tx for clavicular fracture during delivery

A

Nothing!

81
Q

Tx for clubfoot

A

Stretching and manipulation, followed by serial plastar casts

82
Q

Tx for completely avulsed secondary teeth

A

Dental eval w/in 30 min, ensure not a partial avulsion, transport teeth in milk, saline, or someone’s mouth

83
Q

Tx for dystonia induced by phenothiazines

A

Diphenhydramine

84
Q

Tx for ear infection

A

Amoxicillin 40mg/kg BID, i.e. 80mg/kg daily (high dose for good penetration)

85
Q

Tx for encopresis

A

Behavioral modification and reassurance If retentive, also must clear mass + stool softeners for 3-6mo

86
Q

Tx for eosinophilic esophagitis

A

Corticosteroids and trigger avoidance

87
Q

Tx for epiglottitis

A

Intubation w/ preparation for possible tracheostomy

88
Q

Tx for exposure to varicella

A

Vaccine if within 3-5 days of exposure; varicella IG if immunodeficient

89
Q

Tx for gas, kerosene, or furniture polish inhalation (hydrocarbons –>dyspnea, cyanosis, respiratory failure)

A

ABG/ pulse ox, intubation if necessary

90
Q

Tx for gonococcal conjunctivitis (2nd-5th day of life)

A

Ceftriaxone

91
Q

Tx for Hirschsprung’s disease

A

Surgery

92
Q

Tx for homocystinuria

A

High doses of vita B6; if unresponsive, restriction of methionine along with supplementation of cysteine

93
Q

Tx for HSP

A

Supportive, NSAIDs if in significant pain

94
Q

Tx for human bite

A

Hospitalization for antibitoics and debridgement + healing by secondary intention (granulation)

95
Q

Tx for hydrocele

A

Observe, usually resolves by 1yo; larger ones that persist may need surgery

96
Q

Tx for hyperviscosity syndrome

A

Parital exchange transfusion

97
Q

Tx for impetigo

A

Topical mupirocin (or oral erhythromycin)

98
Q

Tx for indirect inguinal hernia

A

Surgery b/c incarceration is common

99
Q

Tx for infantile colic

A

Nothing universal: soothing, simethicone, probiotics Usually resolves by 4mo

100
Q

Tx for iron intoxication (GI symptoms + CV collapse)

A

Deferoxamine

101
Q

Tx for Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon

A

Steroids, alpha-INF, and vincristine (no surgery! –> excessive bleeding

102
Q

Tx for Kawasaki disease

A

Aspirin and IVIG

103
Q

Tx for labial adhesions (benign fusion of labia minora)

A

Nightly application of estrogen cream + daily petrolatam for 1mo

104
Q

Tx for laryngomalacia

A

Reflux precautions Should resolve by 2yo

105
Q

Tx for leptospirosis

A

Penicillin and doxycycline

106
Q

Tx for lice

A

1% lindane, except in babies (risk of neurotoxicity from transdermal absorption, so use 1% permethrin (Nix))

107
Q

Tx for liquid alkali ingestion?

A

Assess airway; if patent, next step is upper GI endoscopy to assess damage

108
Q

Tx for Lyme disease

A

Penicillin or tetracycline

109
Q

Tx for malro/volvulus

A

Surgery

110
Q

Tx for mammalian bites

A

Irrigation and cleaning If infant, diabetic, or i/c, antibiotic prophylaxis

111
Q

Tx for methanol ingestion

A

Ethanol

112
Q

Tx for methanol intoxication

A

Induce emesis or gastric lavage IV ethanol Hemodialysis if severe

113
Q

Tx for mono

A

Avoid contacts sports b/c of enlarged spleen

114
Q

Tx for nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

Massage and clean w/ warm washcloths; optho referral is not open by 6mo

115
Q

Tx for NEC

A

Abx, surgery only if perforated

116
Q

Tx for NEC

A

Antibiotics

117
Q

Tx for nephronia

A

Prolonged IV and then PO antibiotics

118
Q

Tx for nephrotic syndrome in kids

A

Prednisone: 60% is minimal change disease, which is very steroid responsive (add cyclophosphamide if needed)

119
Q

Tx for newborn baby with pertussis

A

Erythromycin (mom’s Ig is insufficient)

120
Q

Tx for nursemaid’s elbow (child keeps arm pronated, no swelling or deformity)

A

Rotating hand and forearm to supinated position w/ pressure over radial head (to reduce the annular ligament)

121
Q

Tx for pertussis

A

Macrolide

122
Q

Tx for phenothiazine ingestion

A

Benadryl (IV or IM)

123
Q

Tx for platelets <30,000

A

Corticosteroids (platelet transfusion only if actively bleeding, as can often cause further destruction of platelets; splenectomy if life-threatening bleed)

124
Q

Tx for preseptal vs. orbital cellulitis

A

Antibiotics for both, but orbital cellulitis requires hospitalization (and possibly surgical decompression)

125
Q

Tx for pts with a small epidural hematoma and no focal neuro signs

A

F/u CT in 24 hrs

126
Q

Tx for respiratory distress from foreign body aspiration

A

Direct laryngoscopy and rigid (NOT flexible) bronchoscopy

127
Q

Tx for Reye’s

A

Supportive

128
Q

Tx for rheumatic fever

A

Benzathine penicillin G (+ AEDs, salicylates, and codeine for chorea, pericarditis, and arthritis, respectively)

129
Q

Tx for RSV

A

Aerosolized ribavirin

130
Q

Tx for salicylate poisoning

A

Acetazolamide, IV sodium bicarb (hemodialysis if needed)

131
Q

Tx for scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin V

132
Q

Tx for SCFE

A

Surgical fixation at current degree of slippage to avoid risk of avascular necrosis

133
Q

Tx for SCID

A

BM transplant (otherwise death in first 12-24mo)

134
Q

Tx for severe asthma exacerbation that is unresponsive to meds

A

Mechanical ventilation (intubation)

135
Q

TX for severe ITP

A

IVIG, steroids, anti-D Ig, splenectomy if chronic

136
Q

Tx for shigellosis

A

Supportive care and third generation cephalosporin

137
Q

Tx for shigellosis

A

Supportive care and third generation cephalosporin

138
Q

Tx for sinusitis

A

Oral Abx for 10-14d

139
Q

Tx for suicide attempt w/ nml exam and labs

A

Hospitalize

140
Q

Tx for suspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Orogastric tube w/ continuous suction to prevent bowel distension and further lung compression (followed by intubation)

141
Q

Tx for swallowed foreign object

A

If in esophagus: immediate endoscopic removal If distal to esophagus: monitor for excretion

142
Q

Tx for TCA ingestion

A

ICU admit, TCA Fab Ab

143
Q

Tx for trichophyton tonsurans

A

Oral griseofulvin

144
Q

Tx for trichophyton tonsurans

A

Oral griseofulvin

145
Q

Tx for Turner’s Syndrome with 46X/46XY

A

Bilateral abdominal gonadectomy (risk of gonadoblastoma)

146
Q

Tx for umbilical granuloma

A

Silver nitrate

147
Q

Tx for vaginal foreign body

A

Irrigation with warmed fluid first; if unsuccessful, exam and removal with sedation or under general anesthesia

148
Q

Tx for von Willebrand’s disease

A

DDAVP (can also give vWF + Factor VIII if severe)

149
Q

Tx of Meckel’s

A

Surgical excision

150
Q

Storage disease seen in teens + enzyme deficeincy

A

Gaucher disease, Beta-glucocerebrosidase

151
Q

Storage disease: adolescent w/ chronic fatigue (anemia), easy bruisability (thrombocytopenia), bone pain, pathologic fractures (Erlenmyer flask deformity of distal femur) and wrinkled paper cells in bone marrow

A

Gaucher’s disease (deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase)

152
Q

Storage disease: bone pain and joint swelling

A

Farber disease (deficiency of ceramidase –> accumulation of ceramide esp in joints)

153
Q

Storage disease: child with cherry red macula, neuro symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly

A

GM2 gangliosidoses, incl. Tay-Sachs’ and Sandhoff’s (deficiency of hexosaminidase)

154
Q

Storage disease: infant w/ FTT, hepatospenomegaly, neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick disease (deficient sphingomyelinase)

155
Q

Storage disease: infant w/ hepatospenomegaly and skeletal abnormalities

A

GM1 gangliosidosis (deficient beta-galactosidase)

156
Q

Storage diseases: acroparesthesia, intermittent painful crises of extremities or abdomen, cataracts

A

Fabry disease (deficiency of alpha-galactosidase)

157
Q

Storage diseases: progressive ataxia, weakness, progressive ataxia, gray macular lesions

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (deficient activity of galactosyl-3-sulfate-ceramide sulfatase)

Peds (5 decks)

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