Random peds 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Deficiencies: cheilosis, glossitis, ocular problems (keratitis, conjunctivitis, corneal vascularization), seborrheic dermatitis
A
Riboflavin deficiency
2
Q
Deficiencies: depression, hypotension, muscle weakness, abd pain
A
Pantothenic acid
3
Q
Deficiencies: dermatitis, seborrhea, anorexia, muscle pain, pallor, alopecia
A
Biotin
4
Q
Deficiencies: dermatitis/ seborrhea
A
Biotin
5
Q
Deficiencies: dermentia, dermatitis, diarrhea
A
Niacin/ Vita B3 (is pellagra)
6
Q
Deficiencies: hemolytic anemia in premature infants
A
Vitamin E
7
Q
Deficiencies: hoarseness, anorexia, restlessness, aphonia
A
Thiamine (Vita B1)
8
Q
Deficiencies: irritability, convulsions, anemia
A
Pyridoxine/ Vita B6 (diff from presentations in adults)
9
Q
Deficiencies: neuritis, edema, cardiac failure
A
Vita B1 (is beriberi)
10
Q
Deficiencies: nightblindness, conjunctivitis, keratomalacia
A
Vitamin A
11
Q
Deficiencies: seizures, peripheral neuritis, dermatitis, microcytic anemia
A
Vita B6 deficiency
12
Q
Dx and Tx for acute bacterial sinusitis
A
Amoxicillin based on clinical, not radiographic findings
13
Q
Dx and Tx for erythema migrans
A
Lyme Disease PO Amoxocillin (50mg/kg/day divided TID for 21 days) Doxycycline if >9yo
14
Q
Dx and Tx for transposition
A
Echo Prostaglandin E1 to stabilize (maintains PDA), then surgery
15
Q
Dx for muscular dystrophy
A
Muscle biopsy
16
Q
Dx for suspected PUD
A
Endoscopy (allows for biopsy and culture)
17
Q
Dx for suspected Sandifer syndrome
A
Esophageal pH probe
18
Q
Dx for suspected severe GERD
A
Modified barium swallow with fluorscopy (allows visualization of swallow reflux)
19
Q
Dx of EHEC (from uncooked beef)
A
Stool Cx on sorbitol-MacKonkey agar or assay for shiga toxin
20
Q
Dx of lactose intolerance
A
Hydrogen excretion in breath after oral admin of lactose (or acidic stool pH in presence of reducing substances)
21
Q
Dx of suspected Hodgkin’s
A
CXR to look for mediastinal mass, then LN biopsy
22
Q
Dx test for immobilization hypercalcemia
A
Serum ionized calcium and urinary calcium to creatinine ratio
23
Q
Dx test for proteinuria w/o hematuria
A
Repeat 2 more times (is most likely just transient proteinuria)
24
Q
Excess vitamins: hyperostosis (excess bone growth), hepatomegaly, increased CSF pressure, dry skin
A
Vitamin A
25
Excess vitamins: nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, polyuria, soft tissue calcification
Vitamin D
26
Excess vitamins: sensory neuropathy with altered sensation of touch, pain, and fever
Pyridoxine (B6)
27
Excess vitamins: skin flushing and pruritis (long-term tachycardia, liver damage, hyperglycemia/uricemia)
Nicotinic acid (vasodilator)
28
Excess vitamins; kidney stones, diarrhea, cramps
Vitamin C
29
Excess: increased ICP, anorexia, hyperostosis (pain and swelling of long bones), alopecia, poor growth
Vita A
30
Excess: kidney stones
Vita C
31
Excess: sensory neuropathy
Pyridoxine
32
Ingestions: anorexia, bulging fontanelle (pseudotumor cerebri), hyperirritability, vomiting
Vita A
33
Ingestions: anorexia, N/V/D, headache, polyuria and polydipsia
Vita D
34
Ingestions: lethargy, cma, seizures, widened QRS/BBB
TCA poisoning
35
Ingestions: lethargy, fever, hyperpnea, vomiting, tinnitus, metabolic acidosis, unremarkable XR
Aspirin poisoning
36
Ingestions: N, V, diaphoresis, RUQ pain
Tylenol
37
Ingestions: N/V/D, abd pain, GI bleeding, metabolic acidosis, small opacities on XR
Iron poisoning
38
Ingestions: vomiting and agitation progressing to lethargy and restlessness, with convulsions, hyperammonemia, elevated LFTs and LDH, and hypglycemia
Reye's syndrome (salicylate ingestion)
39
Most common acquired RBC aplasia in kids
Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood
40
Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidim
Thyroid dysgenesis
41
Most common cause of dacrocystitis
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
42
Most common cause of hypothyroidism (thyromegaly) in kids
Lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis
43
Most common cause of polycythemia in newborns
Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord --> excess transfer of placental blood
44
Most common cause of stroke in childhood
SCA
45
Most common cause of viral meningitis
Enteroviruses (PERCH, though not polio: usually echo or coxsackie)
46
Most common causes of acute bacterial sinusitis
Same as ear infections: Strep pneumo Non-typable H flu Moraxella
47
Most common childhood malignancy
Leukemia
48
Most common complication of supracondylar fracture
Entrapment of brachial artery (so check the radial pulse)
49
Most common complication of untreated ureteral reflux in children
Renal scarring --> ESRD/ HTN
50
Most common complications of polycythemia in newborns
Respiratory distress, poor feeding, neuro symptoms (lethargy, irritability, seizures)
51
Most common congenital anomaly in Ehlers-Danlos
MVP
52
Most common congenital infection
CMV
53
Most common congenital obstructive urethral lesion in males (--> oliguria in newborns)
Posterior urethral valves (can lead to a distended bladder, palpable as abdominal mass)
54
Most common elbow dislocation
Posterior
55
Most common finding on peripheral smear in thalassemia
Target cells
56
Most common first sign of PHACE syndrome
Unilateral facial lesion (similar to Sturge-Weber) + blindness
57
Most common first symptom of autism
Lack of a social smile
58
Most common injuries in basketball players
Knees (and ankles), esp patellar tendonitis and Osgood-Schlatter
59
Most common injuries in swimmers
Shoulder injuries (rotator cuff tendonitis)
60
Most common non=CNS complication of Friedrich's ataxia
Necrosis and degeneration of cardiac muscle fibers --> myocarditis, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyopathy (--> arrhythmias and CHF)
61
Most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis
Viral URI
62
Most common ski injury
Skier's thumb (hyperextension and abduction of thumb)
63
Most common symptom with sickle cell trait
Painless hematuria
64
Most common TEF is
Blind esophageal pouch (below it, distal esophagus is connected to the trachea)
65
Most common tumors in kids 1-10yo (vs. 10)
Infratentorial (posterior fossa: cerebellar and brainstem) vs. supratentorial
66
Tx for absence seizures
Ethosuximide or valproic acid
67
Tx for acute glomerulonephritis with oliguria
Restrict fluid intake to avoid hypervolemia
68
Tx for ADEM
High-dose corticosteroids
69
Tx for alkaptonuria
None needed; supplemental ascorbic acid may delay onset of arthritis in adults
70
Tx for atlantoaxial instability
Surgical fusion of C1 to C2
71
Tx for bacterial lymphadenitis
Dicloxacillin (covers both staph and strep, 2 most common agents)
72
Tx for bacterial tracheitis
Intubation + IV Abx
73
Tx for bili > 17 and for bili > 25
Phototherapy Exchange transfusion
74
Tx for breastfeeding jaundice
Increase the frequency and duration of feedings to stimulate more milk production
75
Tx for bronchiolitis
Monitor fluid status/ oxygenation
76
Tx for Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
IVIG infusion
77
Tx for chlamydial conjunctivitis
Oral erythromycin or reduce risk of chlamydial PNA
78
Tx for chlamydial infection in newborns
Oral macroles (azithromycin): treats both conjunctivitis and pneumonia
79
Tx for chronic granulomatous disease?
Daily TMP-SMX and gamma-INF 3x/wk
80
Tx for clavicular fracture during delivery
Nothing!
81
Tx for clubfoot
Stretching and manipulation, followed by serial plastar casts
82
Tx for completely avulsed secondary teeth
Dental eval w/in 30 min, ensure not a partial avulsion, transport teeth in milk, saline, or someone's mouth
83
Tx for dystonia induced by phenothiazines
Diphenhydramine
84
Tx for ear infection
Amoxicillin 40mg/kg BID, i.e. 80mg/kg daily (high dose for good penetration)
85
Tx for encopresis
Behavioral modification and reassurance If retentive, also must clear mass + stool softeners for 3-6mo
86
Tx for eosinophilic esophagitis
Corticosteroids and trigger avoidance
87
Tx for epiglottitis
Intubation w/ preparation for possible tracheostomy
88
Tx for exposure to varicella
Vaccine if within 3-5 days of exposure; varicella IG if immunodeficient
89
Tx for gas, kerosene, or furniture polish inhalation (hydrocarbons -->dyspnea, cyanosis, respiratory failure)
ABG/ pulse ox, intubation if necessary
90
Tx for gonococcal conjunctivitis (2nd-5th day of life)
Ceftriaxone
91
Tx for Hirschsprung's disease
Surgery
92
Tx for homocystinuria
High doses of vita B6; if unresponsive, restriction of methionine along with supplementation of cysteine
93
Tx for HSP
Supportive, NSAIDs if in significant pain
94
Tx for human bite
Hospitalization for antibitoics and debridgement + healing by secondary intention (granulation)
95
Tx for hydrocele
Observe, usually resolves by 1yo; larger ones that persist may need surgery
96
Tx for hyperviscosity syndrome
Parital exchange transfusion
97
Tx for impetigo
Topical mupirocin (or oral erhythromycin)
98
Tx for indirect inguinal hernia
Surgery b/c incarceration is common
99
Tx for infantile colic
Nothing universal: soothing, simethicone, probiotics Usually resolves by 4mo
100
Tx for iron intoxication (GI symptoms + CV collapse)
Deferoxamine
101
Tx for Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon
Steroids, alpha-INF, and vincristine (no surgery! --> excessive bleeding
102
Tx for Kawasaki disease
Aspirin and IVIG
103
Tx for labial adhesions (benign fusion of labia minora)
Nightly application of estrogen cream + daily petrolatam for 1mo
104
Tx for laryngomalacia
Reflux precautions Should resolve by 2yo
105
Tx for leptospirosis
Penicillin and doxycycline
106
Tx for lice
1% lindane, except in babies (risk of neurotoxicity from transdermal absorption, so use 1% permethrin (Nix))
107
Tx for liquid alkali ingestion?
Assess airway; if patent, next step is upper GI endoscopy to assess damage
108
Tx for Lyme disease
Penicillin or tetracycline
109
Tx for malro/volvulus
Surgery
110
Tx for mammalian bites
Irrigation and cleaning If infant, diabetic, or i/c, antibiotic prophylaxis
111
Tx for methanol ingestion
Ethanol
112
Tx for methanol intoxication
Induce emesis or gastric lavage IV ethanol Hemodialysis if severe
113
Tx for mono
Avoid contacts sports b/c of enlarged spleen
114
Tx for nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Massage and clean w/ warm washcloths; optho referral is not open by 6mo
115
Tx for NEC
Abx, surgery only if perforated
116
Tx for NEC
Antibiotics
117
Tx for nephronia
Prolonged IV and then PO antibiotics
118
Tx for nephrotic syndrome in kids
Prednisone: 60% is minimal change disease, which is very steroid responsive (add cyclophosphamide if needed)
119
Tx for newborn baby with pertussis
Erythromycin (mom's Ig is insufficient)
120
Tx for nursemaid's elbow (child keeps arm pronated, no swelling or deformity)
Rotating hand and forearm to supinated position w/ pressure over radial head (to reduce the annular ligament)
121
Tx for pertussis
Macrolide
122
Tx for phenothiazine ingestion
Benadryl (IV or IM)
123
Tx for platelets <30,000
Corticosteroids (platelet transfusion only if actively bleeding, as can often cause further destruction of platelets; splenectomy if life-threatening bleed)
124
Tx for preseptal vs. orbital cellulitis
Antibiotics for both, but orbital cellulitis requires hospitalization (and possibly surgical decompression)
125
Tx for pts with a small epidural hematoma and no focal neuro signs
F/u CT in 24 hrs
126
Tx for respiratory distress from foreign body aspiration
Direct laryngoscopy and rigid (NOT flexible) bronchoscopy
127
Tx for Reye's
Supportive
128
Tx for rheumatic fever
Benzathine penicillin G (+ AEDs, salicylates, and codeine for chorea, pericarditis, and arthritis, respectively)
129
Tx for RSV
Aerosolized ribavirin
130
Tx for salicylate poisoning
Acetazolamide, IV sodium bicarb (hemodialysis if needed)
131
Tx for scarlet fever?
Penicillin V
132
Tx for SCFE
Surgical fixation at current degree of slippage to avoid risk of avascular necrosis
133
Tx for SCID
BM transplant (otherwise death in first 12-24mo)
134
Tx for severe asthma exacerbation that is unresponsive to meds
Mechanical ventilation (intubation)
135
TX for severe ITP
IVIG, steroids, anti-D Ig, splenectomy if chronic
136
Tx for shigellosis
Supportive care and third generation cephalosporin
137
Tx for shigellosis
Supportive care and third generation cephalosporin
138
Tx for sinusitis
Oral Abx for 10-14d
139
Tx for suicide attempt w/ nml exam and labs
Hospitalize
140
Tx for suspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Orogastric tube w/ continuous suction to prevent bowel distension and further lung compression (followed by intubation)
141
Tx for swallowed foreign object
If in esophagus: immediate endoscopic removal If distal to esophagus: monitor for excretion
142
Tx for TCA ingestion
ICU admit, TCA Fab Ab
143
Tx for trichophyton tonsurans
Oral griseofulvin
144
Tx for trichophyton tonsurans
Oral griseofulvin
145
Tx for Turner's Syndrome with 46X/46XY
Bilateral abdominal gonadectomy (risk of gonadoblastoma)
146
Tx for umbilical granuloma
Silver nitrate
147
Tx for vaginal foreign body
Irrigation with warmed fluid first; if unsuccessful, exam and removal with sedation or under general anesthesia
148
Tx for von Willebrand's disease
DDAVP (can also give vWF + Factor VIII if severe)
149
Tx of Meckel's
Surgical excision
150
Storage disease seen in teens + enzyme deficeincy
Gaucher disease, Beta-glucocerebrosidase
151
Storage disease: adolescent w/ chronic fatigue (anemia), easy bruisability (thrombocytopenia), bone pain, pathologic fractures (Erlenmyer flask deformity of distal femur) and wrinkled paper cells in bone marrow
Gaucher's disease (deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase)
152
Storage disease: bone pain and joint swelling
Farber disease (deficiency of ceramidase --> accumulation of ceramide esp in joints)
153
Storage disease: child with cherry red macula, neuro symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly
GM2 gangliosidoses, incl. Tay-Sachs' and Sandhoff's (deficiency of hexosaminidase)
154
Storage disease: infant w/ FTT, hepatospenomegaly, neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease (deficient sphingomyelinase)
155
Storage disease: infant w/ hepatospenomegaly and skeletal abnormalities
GM1 gangliosidosis (deficient beta-galactosidase)
156
Storage diseases: acroparesthesia, intermittent painful crises of extremities or abdomen, cataracts
Fabry disease (deficiency of alpha-galactosidase)
157
Storage diseases: progressive ataxia, weakness, progressive ataxia, gray macular lesions
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (deficient activity of galactosyl-3-sulfate-ceramide sulfatase)
