Random FOP Flashcards
Unwell neonate with widespread rash consisting of small, pale nodules suggests what infection?
Listeria monocytogenes
What is galactosaemia associated with?
Vomiting, jaundice, other liver failure symptoms, cataracts, e.coli infection.
What is associated with medium- chain acts-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD)?
Metabolic acidosis, liver failure and hypoglycaemia. Hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, elevated ammonia and metabolic acidosis.
What is test for galactosaemia?
Beutler test
What is test for congenital syphilis ?
Serum rapid plasma regain
What is treatment for listeria?
Amoxicillin
BMI Above what centile is diagnostic for obesity?
> 98 th
Erythematous, firm, macular rash over cheeks and nose and a ‘lace patterned’ rash over trunk and limbs suggests what?
Slapped cheek syndrome. Parvovirus B19
Discrete pink spots starting in the face then becoming widespread suggests what?
Rubella
Morbilliform rash starting behind ears then spreading everywhere +/- koplik spots and conjunctivitis suggests what?
Measles
Which is MOST aw bloody diarrhoea, crohn’s or UC?
UC
Describe Moebius syndrome
Bilateral fixed convergent squint. ‘Expressionless face’ a/w drooling
Describe Brown syndrome
Vertical strabismus, limited elevation of the eye in and adducted position. Often congenital.
After what age is any intermittent squint deemed significant?
3 months
(Permanent squint always significant)
What is diagnostic test for asthma?
Spirometry FEV1/FVC <70 %
Bronchodilators reversibility test showing FEV1 improvement 12%
exhaled FeNO> 35ppb
Peak flow variability over 20%
What is dilution of adrenaline is all cases of cardiac arrest?
1:1000, 1mg per ml
When do most umbilical hernias spontaneously resolve?
1 year, but we won’t correct until 3-4 years
What is antibiotic of choice for pertussis ?
Azithromycin
What is likely cause of lazy eye , with no other features?
Refractive error
What does alcohol do to type 1 diabetics? And what is advice?
Causes hypoglycaemia many hours after drinking. Eat carbohydrates before and after drinking alcohol.
Yellowish discolouration of the skin after veggie binge called what?
Carotenaemia
What is NICE definition of DKA?
Ketones >3, pH <7.3 , bicarbonate < 15 mmol/l
When is CT chest indicated in car accident patient?
If penetrating trauma
When and what insulin for DKA?
0.1 units/ kg, 1 hour after fluid resuscitation
What is most appropriate first regimen for newly diagnosed T1DM?
Basal-bolus
What insulin regimen is most appropriate for newly diagnosed T1DM who is constantly grazing food, I.e. younger?
Combo short and intermediate acting insulin. 30% short acting 70% intermediate acting, 2/3 dose am and 1/3 dose pm
What is tinea incognita?
A fungal skin infection mistreated with steroid only cream. Rash now less red and scaly BUT more extensive and has pustules.
What are side effects of IV salbutamol?
Arrhythmia, tachycardia, tachypnoea, palpitations, hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis
Describe molluscum contagiosum
Umbilicated papules about 5mm, containing white cutaneous material.
Chronic recurrent chest infections, no gastro symptoms and situs inversus suggests what?
Kartagener syndrome
What cardiac abnormality does phenytoin cause?
Pulmonary stenosis
Does being on child protection plan remove parental responsibility from the mother?
No
Mitral regurgitation is what murmur?
Pansystolic
What are most common deficiencies in babies breastfed by vegan mothers?
Zinc, B12, iron, vit D
What is condylomata acuminata?
Anogenital warts- think sexual abuse
Define precocious puberty
Before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys
Raised dehydroepisndrosterone in isolation is consitent with what?
Premature adenarche
Ambiguous genitalia, what needs to be excluded?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Features suggestive of mycoplasma pneumonia?
Ongoing fever, bilateral signs on auscultation, perihilar infiltrates on CXR
What is this:
Low ca2+, high PO4- low PTH N vit D
Hypoparathyroidism
What’s this?
Low ca2+, low PO4- high PTH high ALP low vit D
But D deficiency
What’s this?
Low ca2+, low PO4- high PTH , normal vitamin D
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
What’s this?
High ca2+, low PO4- high/NPTH high ALP
Hyperparathyroidism
What are the types of hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ disease
Multinodular goitre
Toxic solitary nodule
Subacute thyroiditis (low uptake)
What’s the difference between Marfan syndrome and homocystinuria?
Lens dislocates downwards in homocystinuria + learning difficulties
What is
Low ca2+, N PO4- high PTH high high ALP ?
Vitamin D dependent rickets Type 2 remember starve hair, poor growth and dental hyperplasia
What is suggestive of cholera ?
Pale watery stools following trip abroad to endemic country
What infection causes hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis?
Cholera
What is slapped cheek syndrome caused by?
Erythema infectosum/ parvovirus
What is definition of severe DKA?
pH < 7.1 or bicarbonate <5
When treat ITP?
Mucosal bleeding
Describe primary prevention
Reduces incidence of injury occurring
Describe secondary prevention
Minimises impact of disease/injury
Describe Tertiary prevention
Limit extent of injury , e.g first aid training
What is the role of PTH?
Increase renal calcium absorption and mobilise calcium and phosphate from the bone
What is urine test for galactosaemia?
Reducing sugars
What conditions can cause delay in bone age?
Growth hormone deficiency
Hypothyroidism
How do you test for growth hormone deficiency?
Insulin stress test
What is low rennin, low aldosterone hypokalaemia and alkalosis?
Liddle Syndrome
How many types of renal tubular acidosis are there?
1- distal tubulular hydrogen excretion
2-proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption
4- due to reduced production or insensitivity to aldosterone
Difference between type 1 and 2 tubular acidosis
1- distal tubules, hydrogen secretion, adolescent, pH NOT less than 5.5
2-proximal tubule, bicarbonate reabsorption, pH can be less than 5.5
High sodium and low potassium think what?
Hyperaldosteroneism
Conns syndrome
Renal artery stenosis
Low sodium and high potassium think what?
Hypoaldosteroneism
Congenital adrenal hypoplasia
