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GP > Random Facts > Flashcards

Random Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What can be given to reduce Sx of brain/spinal mets? Why?

A

Dexamethosone - reduces swelling around Ca

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2
Q

Baby has a nappy rash with central focus and satellite red lesions… likely diagnosis?

A

Candidiasis

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3
Q

What drug can be used as HRT in post-menopausal esp if they have a low mood?

A

Fluoxetine

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4
Q

General risks with HRT

A

Blood clots, Breast Ca

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5
Q

Basics cause of iron deficiency

A

In- diet
Absorption
Out - blood - period/gastric common

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6
Q

Drug for menorrhagia? What else could you consider?

A

Tranexamic acid

The coil

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7
Q

Reflux in pregnancy drug?

A

Omeprazol

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8
Q

Why is trimethoprim a CI in pregnancy ?

When else should you be careful and why?

A

Decreases folic acid absorption –> risk of neural tube defects.
AKI as it decreases renal function

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9
Q

What could be given as an alternative to trimethoprim in pregnancy?

A

Penicillin

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10
Q

What shouldn’t be given with trimethoprim and why?

A

Methotrexate - its a folic acid antagonist

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11
Q

DDs of being ‘tired all the time’

A

Anaemia, sleep apnea, depression/low mood, thyroid, stress/overwork, Ca

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12
Q

?sleep apnea - what test can you do? What do you need to do before referring to sleep studies?

A

Esworths sleep scale

TFT - make sure not missing hypothyroid

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13
Q

Rosacea. What is it? Treatment?

A

Flushing of the skin.
Avoid triggers (eg sunlight)
Good skin care
Metronidazole

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14
Q

Diagnosis of pre/diabetes ?

A

HbA1C 42-48 = pre diabetes
>48 + Sx (tired, drink/wee lots, infections) = diabetes
>48 but no Sx = repeat check

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15
Q

Who gets fasting glucose?

A

Women who had gestational diabetes to see if it has resolved or if they have developed diabetes

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16
Q

First referral for pre diabetes?

A

To diabetes prevention - structured lifestyle advice

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17
Q

What investigations for newly diagnosed diabetes?

A 
See diabetes nurse -> education 
U&e / ACR - kidney function 
Feet - and with every review 
Retinopathy - screening referral 
Flu jab
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18
Q

First line treatment for diabetes? Benefit?

A

Metformin

Cheap , no weight gain

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19
Q

Side effects of metformin? Methods to avoid?

A

Gi - diarrhoea ->start low and titrate up / use modified release
Kidney function

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20
Q

How do you check kidney function with metformin ? When would you consider stopping?

A

GFR
<45 consider stopping
<30 stop

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21
Q

When would you re check hba1c with metformin?

A

After 3/12

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22
Q

2nd line treatment for diabetes. When? What?

A

If metformin CI
If hba1c still high -> add in
Suphonylureas (gliclazide), glyptins, flosins…

23
Q

Side effects of glyclaside

A

Weight gain

Hypoglycaemia

24
Q

Target HbA1C in diabetes ?

A

<48

25
Q

?hypothyroid test? Cut off?

A

TSH >10

26
Q

Treat hypothyroid? When review?

A

Levothyroxine - 50mg / day

Re check TSH after 6/62 -> good maintain dose and annual check

27
Q

Some back pain (not bad + pregnancy), pain relief? Which not? Why?

A

Paracetamol

Ibuprofen -> affects ductus arteriosis closure

28
Q

Pt feeling better after 3 weeks of citalopram ? What to do?

A

Keep them on for at least 6/12 then ween off slowly

29
Q

What is a small bruise like mark on the base of a spine?

A

Mongolian blue spot

30
Q

First line treatment for UTI

A

Nitrofurintoin

31
Q

Resistant hypertension in hospital

A

Magnesium sulphate

32
Q

When do you treat bronchietasis ? With what?

A

Always get production of sputum due to ‘little pockets’ of infection

Large amounts of sputum produced -> more infected

Doxyclyline for 14 days

33
Q

Paediatric rash what important DDs

A

Chicken pox , measles, rubella, parvovirus

34
Q

Does metformin cause a hypo? What can it cause?

A

No
Common is diarrhoea but important is lactic acidosis
-> need to stop in AKI /kidney jury

35
Q

Characteristic presentation of Kawasaki disease

A 
High temp >5 days with:
Rash
swollen glands in neck 
Dry cracked lips 
Red fingers / toes 
Red eyes
36
Q

DDs of Kawasaki

A

Scarlet fever, measles, glandular fever, viral meningitis, Stevens Johnson syndrom, lupus, toxic shock syndrome

37
Q

Investigations for kawasaki

A

urine - see if WBC
Bloods
Lumpar puncture

38
Q

Usual place affected by complications of kawasaki

A

Heart

Tachycardia, pericardial effusion, myocarditis

39
Q

Causative organism for kawasaki

A

unknown

40
Q

Treatment for kawasaki

A

asprin, IV Ig, fluids

41
Q

After treatment of kawasaki

A

Low dose aspirin,
Echocardiogram to confirm no cardiac abnormalities
Peeling of skin may occur until 4 weeks after start of disease

42
Q

Why is aspirin not usually prescribed in children

A

risk of reye’s syndrome

43
Q

Usual age for kawasaki

A

72% <5yr

44
Q

When do you usually get Reye’s syndrome? What are the initial Sx?

A

A few days after a viral infection Eg flu, chicken pox

Vommiting, tiredness / lack of enthusiasm, tachypnea, seizures

45
Q

Reye’s syndrome later Sx

A

irritability, severe anxiety (sometimes with hallucinations), Coma

46
Q

Basic pathophysiology in Reye’s

A

Mitochondria become damaged

47
Q

Which organs most serious affected in Reye’s

A

Liver, Brain

48
Q

What happens with liver damage in Reye’s

A

Build up of toxic chemicals in blood -> brain swelling

49
Q

DDs of Reye’s

A

Meningitis, encephalitis, inherited metabolic disorders

50
Q

Investigations in Reye’s

A

Blood tests - esp bacteria + LFTs
CT Scan - brain swelling
Lumbar puncture
Liver biopsy

51
Q

Management in Reye’s

A

Electrolytes and fluids
Diuretics - reduce brain swelling
Ammonia detoxicants
anticonvulsants

52
Q

Most common cause of sight loss? Type of vision

A

Age related macular degeneration

Central vision loss

53
Q

Type of vision in glaucoma

A

Tunnel

54
Q

Treatment for benign idiopathic cranial hypertension

A

Acetazolamide

GP (6 decks)

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