random cardiovascular cards Flashcards
what is brugada syndrome?
genetic disorder in which the electrical activity of the heart is abnormal due to channelopathy. It increases the risk of abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death.
what are the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome?
3 out of 5 of:
-large waist circumference
-high triglycerides
-low HDL
- high BP (130/85 or more)
-high fasting BM (6.1 or more)
how does calcium affect the QT?
hypocalcaemia prolongs QT
hypercalcaemia shortens QT
what electrolyte imbalances cause QT to lengthen?
low Ca2+
low K+
low Mg2+
which drugs can lengthen QT?
amiodarone
TCAs
abx -clarithromycin, erythromycin (macrolides)
fluconazole
metoclopramide, haloperidol, ondansetron
SSRIs -esp citalopram
what are the shockable rhythms?
PULSELESS vtach
vfib
what are the rules on LBBB and diagnosing STEMI?
when they’ve got an LBBB, it’s impossible to make comments on the ST segment but new LBBB-treat as STEMI
scarbossa criteria describes how to find significant ST elevation on ECG in the presence of LBBB
is PEA shockable?
no
is asystole shockable?
no (adrenaline and CPR)
what should you do regarding troponin testing in a ?ACS?
always do 2 troponins
trust guidelines but usually one 3 hours after another
what is the most common cause of raised troponins that’s not ACS?
CKD
if someone’s on warfarin, what should you do if they’ve had a major bleed?
stop warfarin and give IV vitamin K 5mg and prothrombin complex concentrate
what is a side effect of ARBs?
hyperkalaemia
