dyslipidaemia Flashcards
what does total cholesterol include?
VLDL, LDL, and HDL
what are the desirable levels for total cholesterol, LDL, and TGs?
total <5, LDL <2.5, TG <2.5
what in the diet tends to raise LDL?
high trans fats and saturated fats (eg butter, cream, animal fat, fried foods)
what in very basic terms do LDL and HDL do?
LDL clogs arteries and HDL removes bad cholesterol from arteries
what are the desirable HDL levels?
> 1.2 in women, >1 in men
higher the better
what is the desirable total cholesterol /HDL ratio?
<4
what are the primary causes of dyslipidaemia?
genetic dyslipidaemia
familial hypercholesterolaemia
what are the secondary causes of dyslipidaemia?
uncontrolled diabetes
obesity, hypothyroidism
smoking
liver disease, excess alcohol intake, nephrotic syndrome
what are some signs of high cholesterol in the body?
tendon
xanthomata
xanthelasmata
corneal arcus
which sign is the most suggestive of familial hypercholesterolaemia?
tendon xanthomata
where are xanthelasmata found?
eyelids
what is corneal arcus?
light ring around iris caused by cholesterol deposits
how do you diagnose FH?
1) take 2 measurements if LDL concentration
clinical diagnosis levels = >13 in adult, >11 in child up to 15yo.
2) use simon broome criteria/dutch lipid network to aid diagnosis
DLCN score >5
3) if clinical diagnosis based on these, refer to specialist for definitive diagnosis
what is the non pharmacological management for high cholesterol?
dietary modifications -replace sat/trans fat with unsaturated fats (avocadoes, olive oil, peanut oil)
lower alcohol
lose weight
stop smoking
more exercise
who is atorvastatin 20mg ON offered to for secondary prevention?
- people with 10%+ QRISK3 score
- people with <10% risk but dyslipidaemia-clinical judgement.
- T1DM +age >40/diabetes for >10y/established nephropathy/CVD risk factors
- people with CKD
