Random Cancer

Question 1

What is p-glycoprotein

Answer 1

Also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1); expressed by some cancer cells to pump out toxins, including chemo.

Question 2

Metaplasia usually increases the risk of cancer, except for which type?

Answer 2

Apocrine metaplasia (breast)

Question 3

Why can vitamin A deficiency result in metaplasia?

Answer 3

Because it’s necessary for differentiation of specialized epithelial surfaces such as the conjunctiva covering the eye (keratomalacia can occur)

Question 4

What does tumor grade mean?

Answer 4

Degree of cellular differentiation and mitotic activity

Question 5

What does tumor stage mean?

Answer 5

Degree of localization/spread based on T (tumor size/site), N (LN involvement), & M (metastases)

Question 6

Carinomas normally spread in what way?

Answer 6

Lymphatically

Question 7

What are the 4 carcinomas that spread hematagenously?

Answer 7

RCC, HCC, follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, choriocarcinoma

Question 8

How do sarcomas spread?

Answer 8

Hematogenously

Question 9

Benign blood cell tumor?

Answer 9

Doesn’t exist

Question 10

Malignant blood cell tumor?

Answer 10

Leukemia, lymphoma

Question 11

Benign blood vessel tumor?

Answer 11

Hemangioma

Question 12

Malignant blood vessel tumor?

Answer 12

Angiosarcoma

Question 13

Benign smooth muscle tumor?

Answer 13

Leiomyoma

Question 14

Malignant smooth muscle tumor?

Answer 14

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 15

Benign striated muscle tumor?

Answer 15

Rhabdomyoma

Question 16

Malignant striated muscle tumor?

Answer 16

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 17

Benign connective tissue tumor?

Answer 17

Fibroma

Question 18

Malignant connective tissue tumor?

Answer 18

Fibrosarcoma

Question 19

Benign bone tumor?

Answer 19

Osteoma

Question 20

Malignant bone tumor?

Answer 20

Osteosarcoma

Question 21

Benign fat tumor?

Answer 21

Lipoma

Question 22

Malignant fat tumor?

Answer 22

Liposarcoma

Question 23

Benign melanocyte tumor?

Answer 23

Mole (Nevus)

Question 24

Malignant melanocyte tumor?

Answer 24

Melanoma

Question 25

What is cachexia?

Answer 25

Weight loss, muscle atrophy, and fatigue that occur in chronic disease; mediated by TNF-alpha

Question 26

What are psammoma bodies?

Answer 26

Laminated, concentric, calcific spherules

Question 27

In what diseases are psammoma bodies found? (4)

Answer 27

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid, serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma

Question 28

What are the most common cancers (incidence)?

Answer 28

Prostate/breast, lung, colorectal

Question 29

Which cancer has the highest mortality?

Answer 29

Lung cancer

Question 30

What are the most common tumors metastasizing to the brain?

Answer 30

Lung > breast > GU > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI

Question 31

What are the most common tumors metastasizing to the liver?

Answer 31

Colon >> stomach > pancreas

Question 32

What are the most common tumors metastasizing to the bone?

Answer 32

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

Question 33

What are the most common sites of metastasis after regional LNs?

Answer 33

Liver and lung

Question 34

Prostatic cancer gives rise to ____ bone mets.

Answer 34

Osteoblastic

Question 35

Breast cancer gives rise to ______ bone mets

Answer 35

Usually osteolytic (but osteoblastic too?)