random bio Flashcards
cell membrane
allows the cell to change its shape, controls the moving of materials in and out of the cell
cell wall
gives the cell its shape. plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists have a cell wall, animal cells DO NOT.
Nucleus
found at the center of the cell, contains DNA, which controls cellular function
Chloroplasts
capture solar energy for photosynthesis
Golgi bodies
modify, sort, and ship proteins and lipids
Mitochondria
turns food into energy (ATP)
Ribosomes
makes protein to be used by an organism
homeostasis
the balance of materials entering and exiting the cell.
passive transport
the movement of materials across the cell membrane without the use of the cell’s energy.
Diffusion
the movement of substances across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
osmosis
the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.
Facilitated transport (Facilitated diffusion)
occurs when a carrier molecule embedded in the cell membrane transports a substance across the membrane by means of diffusion
Active transport
a process that drives large molecules across the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
Endocytosis
a process in which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment
Exocytosis
a process by which a cell surrounds and removes materials from inside the cell
saccharide
sugar
mono
one
oligo
few
poly
many
cyto
cell
osis
process or action
cytoplasm
jelly-like goo inside of the cell to provide shape for the cell
cytoskeleton
the internal skeleton of the cell
Pilus
small hairlike structures used for attaching to other cells
Capsule
a tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria
Golgi Apparatus
processes packages and releases proteins; proteins are transported in vesicles
Lysosome
contains digestive enzymes that can break things down, also called a “suicide sac” because the rupturing of the lysosome will cause the cell to destroy itself
Vacuole
storage area for water and other substances, plant cells usually have a large central vacuole
taxonomy
science of classifying organisms
lipids
structural components of the cell membrane, is an energy storehouse, and function as important signaling molecules
phylogenetic tree
shows evolutionary relationships of organisms with common ancestors
alleles
different flavors of genes (B or b)
homo (dominant)
same (BB)
hetero
different (Bb)
homo (recessive)
same (bb)
smooth ER
has no ribosomes, produces lipids, cholesterol, and hormones
rough ER
has ribosomes, produces proteins,
